DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Economy of Regionalisation in Central Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Economy of Regionalisation in Central Africa Political economy of regionalisation in Central Africa g TAJIKISTAN H AZORES ¯ (PORT.) Sicily Athens (IT.) Indian Gibraltar (U.K.) Algiers MALTA Aleppo Tunis Mashhad 1972 claim Ceuta (SP.) Valletta Nicosia Tehran Line of Control T I C Melilla TUNISIA Crete SYRIA Kabul E MADEIRA (SP.) CYPRUS LEB. Casablanca Mediterranean Sea(GR.) Damascus IRAQ Line of C H I N A G ISLANDS Rabat Beirut AFGHANISTAN Actual (PORT.) Islamabad ¯ Control D Baghdad H N I Tripoli ISRAEL Amman Mt. Everest Alexandria Dead Sea I R A N Lahore I R Jerusalem (lowest point in Asia, -408 m) M (highest point in Asia Chengdu A and the world, 8850 m) W MOROCCO Cairo JORDAN L CANARY ISLANDS KUWAIT New A Y (SP.) A Chongqing C A L G E R I A Kuwait Delhi NEPAL S BHUTAN I PAKISTAN T Laayoune L I B Y A Persian Kathmandu (El Aaiún) BAHRAIN Gulf Thimphu E G Y P T SAUDI OMAN - Western Manama Abu Kanpur Riyadh Doha Dhabi Sahara Karachi ¯ BANGLADESH QATAR UNITED ARAB Muscat Red EMIRATES Ahmadabad-- Kolkata Dhaka Sea ARABIA (Calcutta) Jiddah Hanoi S A H A R A OMAN BURMA LAOS RUB ' AL KHALI I N D I A Gulf of MAURITANIA To n ki n Nouakchott Mumbai Vientiane M A L I (Bombay) Hyderabad- - Rangoon Tombouctou N I G E R ERITREA Bay of CAPE VERDE Khartoum YEMEN THAILAND Dakar CHADCHAD Asmara Sanaa VI SENEGAL Bengal Bangkok Praia Banjul Niamey Bamako BURKINA Arabian Bangalore ANDAMAN FASO Lac 'Assal THE GAMBIA S U D A N Gulf of Aden Chennai ISLANDS CAMBODIA (lowest point in Africa, DJIBOUTI (INDIA) Bissau Ouagadougou -155 m) Djibouti Socotra (Madras) N'DjamenaN'Djamena (YEMEN) Sea GUINEA Phnom Penh Ho C GUINEA-BISSAU BENIN LAKSHADWEEP Andaman NIGERIA Addis Gulf of Conakry Ababa Y (INDIA) Sea Abuja L E Thailand CÔTE TOGO L Freetown A D'IVOIRE GHANA V SIERRA Laccadive Yamoussoukro ETHIOPIA Colombo NICOBAR LEONE Lomé Lagos CENTRAL Sea SRI ISLANDS Monrovia Accra AFRICANAFRICAN REPUBLICREPUBLIC T (INDIA) Abidjan Porto- F CCAMEROONAMEROON I SOMALIA LANKA LIBERIA Novo R Bangui Male Kuala Malabo Medan Lumpur EQUATORIAL GUINEA YYaoundéaoundé MALDIVES T M A L A Y PENEDOS DE A Gulf of Guinea UGANDA E SÃO PEDRO E SÃO PAULO SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE R Mogadishu Singapor (BRAZIL) KKampala G Equator São Tome LibrevilleLibL rer ville RERREP.P. OF KENYA SINGAPO GGABONABON THE DEMOCRATICDEMOCRATIC Nairobi ARQUIPÉLAGO DE Annobon CONGOCONGOG RWANDARWANDA Kigali (EQUA.( GUI.)) Lake Mt. Kilimanjaro FERNANDO DE NORONHANORONHAN REPUBLICREPUBLIC VVictoriaictoria (highestt pointpoint in Africa,Africa, 5895 m) (BRAZIL) BrazzavilleBrazzavillee BuBBujBujumburaujumbuujuj ra oorrtalezataleza Victoria I N OF THE CONGOCONGO BUBBURUNDIRUNDI BritishBritish IndianIndian ANGOLAANGOLA Kinshasa OceanOcean TerritoryTerritory J (Cabinda)(Cabinda) LLakeake DodomaDodoma A JJaa TTaan g a n nyyi k a DarDaar es SalaamSalaam (U.K.)(U.K.) V TANZANIATANZANIA A Diego T BandunBandungngg Ascension SEYCHELLESSEYCHELLES GGarciaarcia R LuandaLuanda E ((St.St. Helena)Helena) N M LakeLake M C H E ChristmasChristmas IslandIsland I LLubumbashiubumbashi NyasaNyasa I D MoroniMoroni GloriosoGlorioso IslandsIslands D (AUSTL.)(AUSTL.) G (FRANCE)(FRANCE) CCocosocos D - ANGOLAANGOLA COMOROSCOMOO ROS - I ((Keeling)Keeling) IsIslandslands I SalSalvadorvador MayotteMayotte I R LilongweLilongwe (administered(administered byby FRANCE,FRANCE, N (AUSTL.)(AUSTL.) ZAMZAMBIABIA claimed byby COMOROS)COMOROS) S O U T H St. HelenaHelena Namibee MAMALAWILAWI TTromelinromelin IslIslandand D I N D I A N I (St.(St. Helena)Helenaa) (FRANCE)(FRANCE) T LLusakausaka JuanJuJ an de NovaNova A IsIslandsland (FR.)(FR.) S N A T L A N T I C A MOZAMBIQUEAM O C E A N E N HarareHarare AntananarivoAntananarivo eelolo O zonte A ZIMBABWEZIMBABWE MozambiqueMozambique PPortort Y MartinMartin VVazaz M SaSaint-int- (BRAZIL)(BRAZIL) ChannChannelnel LLouisouis C T I DeDenisnis NNAMIBIAAMIBIA Bassas E TTrindaderindade O C E A N B MAURITIUSMAURITIUSR E (BRAZIL) BOTSWANABOTSWANA da India MADAGASCARMADAGASSCAR (FRANCE)(FRANCE) RReunioneunion A N Windhoek KALAHARI ((FRANCE)FRANCE) I WalvisWalvis BayBay EuEuroparopa IsIslandland N DESERTDESERT (FRANCE)(FRA( NCE)) N Tropic of Capricorn (23˚27') D R E GaboGaboronerone I S PPretoriaretoriat D E MaputoM G M M R JohannesbuJohannesburgrg E St. HelenaHelena T MbabaneMbM a I I SSWAZILANDWAZIA LAND D D (U.K.)(U.K.) LESOTHOLESOTHO MaseruMase - - - SOUTH Durban A A Durban AFAFRICARICA T T L L A Cape TTownown N T Île Amsterdam (Fr. S. and Ant. Lands) I C TRISTANTRISTAN DADA CUNHA (St. Helena)Hellena) Île Saint-Paul (Fr. S. and Ant. Lands) R Gough IslandIsland (St. HelenHelena)a) I D French Southern and Antarctic Lands G (FRANCE) E PRINCE EDWARD ÎLES CROZET ISLANDS (Fr. S. and Ant. Lands) (SOUTH AFRICA) ., ÎLES KERGUELEN NA) (Fr. S. and Ant. Lands) Edited by Chrysantus Ayangafac As a leading African human security research institution, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) works towards a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable development, human rights, the rule of law, democracy and collaborative security. The ISS realises this vision by: ■ Undertaking applied research, training and capacity building ■ Working collaboratively with others ■ Facilitating and supporting policy formulation ■ Monitoring trends and policy implementation ■ Collecting, interpreting and disseminating information ■ Networking on national, regional and international levels © 2008, Institute for Security Studies Copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Institute for Security Studies, and no part may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission, in writing, of both the authors and the publishers. The opinions expressed do not necessarily refl ect those of the Institute, its trustees, members of the Council or donors. Authors contribute to ISS publications in their personal capacity. ISBN 978-1-920114-57-2 First published by the Institute for Security Studies, P O Box 1787, Brooklyn Square 0075 Tshwane (Pretoria), South Africa www.issafrica.org Design and layout Marketing Support Services +27 12 346-2168 Printing Business Print Centre Political economy of regionalisation in Central Africa Edited by Chrysantus Ayangafac Monograph 155 November 2008 Contents Preface . v Kenneth Mpyisi About the authors . vii Executive summary . ix List of abbreviations . x PART I: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Chapter 1 The political economy of Regionalisation in Central Africa . 3 Chrysantus Ayangafac The Central Africa Region in context . 4 Theoretical argument and framework . 6 Rationale . 8 Methodology . 10 Roadmap . 10 References . 11 PART II: CONTEXT TO HUMAN SECURITY CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL AFRICA Chapter 2 Personalisation of power, post-regime instability and human (in)security in the Central Africa Region . 15 Francis Nguendi Ikome Introduction . 15 Monograph 155 i Political economy of regionalisation in Central Africa Scope and organisation of the analysis . 17 The nexus between personalisation of power, post-regime instability and human security . 18 Realities in collapsed personalised regimes and post-regime insecurity . 22 Surviving personalised regimes and human insecurity: the case of Cameroon and Gabon . 31 Conclusion . 38 Chapter 3 The political economy of oil booms in the Central Africa Region . 43 Chrysantus Ayangafac Introduction . 43 Argument and case selection . 45 Conceptual and theoretical framework . 47 Theoretical argument . 48 Cameroon: oil rents and institutional and political governance . 50 Overview of the oil sector in Cameroon . 51 Cameroon’s political Dutch disease . 54 Conclusion . 59 PART III: REGIONAL RELATIONS AND HUMAN SECURITY IN THE CENTRAL AFRICA REGION Chapter 4 Regional relations and confl ict situations in Central Africa . 67 Yves Alexandre Chouala Introduction . 67 Regional interstate related factors . 68 Changing the politics in the region . 72 Conclusion . 76 Chapter 5 Peace and security in Central Africa . 79 The role of international justice Alain-Guy Tachou Sipowo Introduction . 79 The situation in the Central African Republic: serious ii Institute for Security Studies Edited by Chrysantus Ayangafac threat to peace, security and well-being . 81 International criminal justice and the return of peace to the Central African Republic . 88 Conclusion . 98 PART IV: REGIONALISATION IN CENTRAL AFRICA Chapter 6 ECCAS or CEMAC . 109 Which Regional Economic Community for Central Africa? Dr. Côme Damien Georges Awoumou Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) . 112 Economic Community of Central African states (ECCAS) . 127 The Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) . 133 Lessons learnt from the December 2007 regional seminar in Kinshasa . 136 The issue of rationalising Central Africa’s RECs . 138 Chapter 7 Up to the task? . 151 Assessing the ability of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) to protect human security in Central Africa Christine MacAulay and Dr.Tony Karbo Overview of the regional dimension of security challenges in Central Africa . 151 The security role of regional organisations as envisaged in the UN and AU charters . 152 The experience of ECCAS in promoting human security in Central Africa . 154 Challenges faced by ECCAS in fulfi lling its mandate . 157 Moving forward . 159 Conclusion . 162 Chapter 8 Politics of regional integration in Central Africa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Livelihood Strategies in African Cities: the Case of Residents in Bamenda, Cameroon Nathanael Ojong
    African Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 3, No.1, Dec 2011 ©The Author(s) Journal compilation ©2011 African Centre for Economics and Finance. Published by Print Services, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa. Livelihood Strategies in African Cities: The Case of Residents in Bamenda, Cameroon Nathanael Ojong Abstract This paper analyses the livelihood strategies of residents in the city of Bamenda, Cameroon. It argues that the informal economy is not the preserve of the poor. Middle income households also play a crucial role. Informal economic activities permit the middle class to diversify their sources of income as well as accumulate capital. It examines the role of class in the informal economy and analyses the impact of policy on those involved in informal economic activities. The paper reveals that formality, informality and policy are intertwined, thus making livelihood strategies in cities complex. Key words: City, Livelihood, Bamenda, Informal, Income 1. Introduction After independence, Cameroon enjoyed relative prosperity until 1985. From 1970 to 1985, its economy grew annually at over 8 per cent (Page, 2002, p.44). This growth was mostly due to the boom in the exportation of cash crops. In 1977, cash crops made up 72 per cent (71.9 per cent) of exports while oil was 1.4 per cent (Page, 2002, p.44). This situation changed in the 1980s as a result of oil exploration. In 1985 oil made up 65.4 per cent and cash crops 21.4 per cent of exports, with government getting high royalties from international oil companies developing the field (Page, 2002, p.44).
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Cameroonian Cocoa Industry Value Chain
    Competitiveness in the Cash Crop Sector: The Case of the Cameroonian Cocoa Industry Value Chain Abei L¹, Van Rooyen J¹ ¹Stellenbosch University Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract: Since independence, the cocoa industry of Cameroon has gone through various phases suffering from deregulation of the industry, globalisation, trade liberalisation, natural disasters etc. This paper aims at analysing the competitive performance of a very tradeable global commodity and the main export crop of Cameroon from 1961 to 2013 through the application of a step-wise analytical framework adapted from ISMEA, (1999); Esterhuizen, (2006); Van Rooyen and Esterhuizen (2012) accommodating aspects of agri- value chain analysis. This conventional analysis was expanded to include value chain comparisons between various value- adding processes in the Cameroonian cocoa value chain as well as consensus vs. variations in opinions of different actors within the cocoa industry regarding the factors influencing the industry’s competitive performance from the application of the Porter Diamond model. Information from chain actors through the cocoa executive survey (CES) was used to further expand the framework and analyse the relationship between the various factors affecting the industry’s performance i.e. identify factors which are interrelated in influencing the industry and those that show a degree of independence. Such information is viewed as facilitative for strategic planning purposes. Results revealed that three Porter determinants positively influence the industry’s performance while two were constraining implying that the Cameroon cocoa industry, while performing positively, can strive to increase competitiveness considerably by applying selected industry-based strategies. Keywords: Cameroonian cocoa industry, competitive performance, relative trade advantage (RTA), cocoa executive survey (CES), Porter Diamond.
    [Show full text]
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
    Sub-Saharan Africa povertydata.worldbank.org Poverty & Equity Brief Sub-Saharan Africa Angola April 2020 Between 2008-2009 and 2018-2019, the percent of people below the national poverty line changed from 37 percent to 41 percent (data source: IDR 2018-2019). During the same period, Angola experienced an increase in GDP per capita followed by a recession after 2014 when the price of oil declined. Based on the new benchmark survey (IDREA 2018-2019) and the new national poverty line, the incidence of poverty in Angola is at 32 percent nationally, 18 percent in urban areas and a staggering 54 percent in the less densely populated rural areas. In Luanda, less than 10 percent of the population is below the poverty line, whereas the provinces of Cunene (54 percent), Moxico (52 percent) and Kwanza Sul (50 percent) have much higher prevalence of poverty. Despite significant progress toward macroeconomic stability and adopting much needed structural reforms, estimates suggest that the economy remained in recession in 2019 for the fourth consecutive year. Negative growth was driven by the continuous negative performance of the oil sector whose production declined by 5.2 percent. This has not been favorable to poverty reduction. Poverty is estimated to have increased to 48.4 percent in 2019 compared to 47.6 percent in 2018 when using the US$ 1.9 per person per day (2011 PPP). COVID-19 will negatively affect labor and non-labor income. Slowdown in economic activity due to social distancing measures will lead to loss of earnings in the formal and informal sector, in particular among informal workers that cannot work remotely or whose activities were limited by Government.
    [Show full text]
  • The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon
    healthcare Article The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon Nathanael Ojong International Development Studies, 324 Founders College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [email protected] Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 15 June 2020; Published: 17 June 2020 Abstract: This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country’s health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates “technical” solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19; health system; political economy of health; corruption; out-of-pocket payments; Cameroon; structural adjustment; structural violence 1.
    [Show full text]
  • USAID Cameroon County Development Statement Analytical Study
    USAID Cameroon County Development Statement Analytical Study Prepared for the U. S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. PDC-OOOO-I-37-6135-00 Nicholas Kulibaba Eric R. Nelson Roger Poulin, Team Leader February 1989 Dflf Development Alternatives, Inc. 624 Ninth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001 PREFACE This Analytical Study was performed by Nicholas Kulibaba, Eric R. Nelson, and Roger Poulin between November 1988 and February 1989, for the United States Agency for International Development Mission in Cameroon under contract number PDC-OOOO-I-37-6135-00. The purpose of the analysis was to assist the Mission in preparation for its Country Development Strategy Statement (CDSS) for FY 1990- 1994. Although several portions of this analysis appear in the CDSS, severe space limitations precluded the full analysis from appearing in the CDSS itself. This document is intended to provide baseline information on the economic and policy environment in support of the future USAID Action Plan, studies, and program design during the period during which the CDSS guides the Mission strategy for assistance. Reflecting this baseline character, no effort has been made to update information obtained since the date of the study, despite (or because of) rapid changes in policy and program within the Government of Cameroon as part of its Structural Adjustment Program. The baseline date should be considered as February 1989. The team worked closely with members of the USAID Cameroon Mission, particularly with the Program Office, and gratefully acknowledges their extensive and perceptive prior analytical work upon which parts of this analysis are based. Some of this work appears as Appendices to the CDSS which was approved by the Africa Bureau of A.I.D.; these are cited in this Study but not included here.
    [Show full text]
  • Cameroon's Logging Industry: Structure, Economic Importance and Effects of Devaluation
    OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 14 ISSN 0854-9818 Aug. 1998 CameroonÕs Logging Industry: Structure, Economic Importance and Effects of Devaluation Richard EbaÕa Atyi, Tropenbos Cameroon Programme CIFOR in collaboration with the Tropenbos Foundation and The Tropenbos Cameroon Programme CIFOR CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH office address: Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindangbarang, Bogor 16680, Indonesia mailing address: P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia tel.: +62 (251) 622622 fax: +62 (251) 622100 email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.cgiar.org/cifor The CGIAR System The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is an informal association of 41 public and private sector donors that supports a network of sixteen interna- tional agricultural research institutes, CIFOR being the newest of these. The Group was established in 1971. The CGIAR Centers are part of a global agricultural research system which endeavour to apply international scientific capacity to solution of the problems of the worldÕs disadvantaged people. CIFOR CIFOR was established under the CGIAR system in response to global concerns about the social, environmental and economic consequences of loss and degradation of forests. It operates through a series of highly decentralised partnerships with key institutions and/or individuals throughout the developing and industrialised worlds. The nature and duration of these partnerships are determined by the specific research problems being addressed. This research
    [Show full text]
  • CHOOSING OUR FUTURE Visions of a Sustainable World
    CHOOSING OUR FUTURE Visions of a Sustainable World Edited by Tanvi Nagpal Camilla Foltz THE PROJECT CHOOSING OUR FUTURE Visions of a Sustainable World Edited by Tanvi Nagpal and Camilla Foltz SEPTEMBER 1995 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Choosing our future : visions of a sustainable world / edited by Tanvi Nagpal and Camilla Foltz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) ISBN 1-56973-028-8 (alk. paper) 1. Sustainable development. I. Nagpal, Tanvi, 1967- . II. Foltz, Camilla, 1966- . HC79.E5C487 1995 333.7—dc20 95-16459 CIP Kathleen Courrier Publications Director Brooks Belford Marketing Manager Hyacinth Billings Production Manager Donya Melanson Associates Cover Design Dan Hanfling Cover Photo Each World Resources Institute Report represents a timely, scholarly treatment of a subject of public concern. WRI takes responsibility for choosing the study topics and guaranteeing its authors and researchers freedom of inquiry. It also solicits and responds to the guidance of advisory panels and expert reviewers. Unless otherwise stated, however, all the interpretation and findings set forth in WRI publications are those of the authors. Copyright © 1995 World Resources Institute. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper For 2,500 years we have hoped and believed that if mankind could reveal itself to itself, could widely come to know its own cherished motives, then somehow it would tilt the balance of things in its own favor. Ernest Becker CONTENTS Preface vii Acknowledgments ix I. Introduction 1 II. Essays 7 Abdiel Adames on Panama 7 Peggy Antrobus on the Caribbean 10 Christopher Ivo Atang on Cameroon 12 Ruth Bamela Engo-Tjega on Africa 15 Maristela Bernardo (with Fabio Feldmann) on Brazil 20 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Revenues and Economic Policy in Cameroon Public Disclosure Authorized Results from a Computable General Equilibrium Model
    Oil Revenues and Economic Policy in Cameroon Public Disclosure Authorized Results from a Computable General Equilibrium Model Nancy C. Benjamin Shantayanan Devarajan WORLD BANK STAFFWORKING PAPERS Number 745 Public Disclosure Authorized FILECOPY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK STAFFWORKING PAPERS Number 745 Oil Revenues and Economic Policy in Cameroon Results from a Computable General EquilibriumModel Nancy C. Benjamin Shantayanan Devarajan The World Bank Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Copyright ©)1985 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 1985 This is a working document published informally by the World Bank. To present the results of research with the least possible delay, the typescript has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The publication is supplied at a token charge to defray part of the cost of manufacture and distribution. The World Bank does not accept responsibility for the views expressed herein, which are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank or to its affiliated organizations. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the results of research supported by the Bank; they do not necessarily represent official policy of the Bank. The designations employed, the presentation of material, and any maps used in this document are solely for the convenience of the reader and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank or its affiliates concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries, or national affiliation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vision 2035” to Become an Emerging Economy in 2035
    Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research (JEPER). ISSN: 2408-6231 Vol.1, N0.4, December 2014. Pp 117-127 “Le Cameroun des Grands Ambitions”: The Place for the Youth in Cameroon’s “Vision 2035” to become an Emerging Economy in 2035 Joseph Lah Lo-oh University of Buea, BP 63, Buea, SW Region, Cameroon [email protected] Abstract In Africa, youth constitute majority of the population and are at the centre of societal interactions and transformations. Yet they are often placed at the margins of the public sphere and major political, socio-economic, and cultural processes. Many have little or no access to education, employment and livelihoods, healthcare and basic nutrition. Despite the segregation and difficulties they face, youth are often actively participating in constructing their own identities, and in many ways contributing to the transformative process of their societies. African youth have the capacity to fracture public space, and reinvent or even bypass it. This article is a theoretical critical analysis of the place for the youth in the process of transforming Cameroon into an emerging economy by the year 2035. The essence is to determine the extent to which today’s youth in Cameroon, who constitute the hope of the country, are given opportunity to be part of the making of the future of their nation. This is particularly imperative for Cameroon, given that the purported development agenda is pioneered by today’s leadership, largely constituted by the older generation. The underlying question is: who should dream for tomorrow’s Cameroon? The young or the old? If it is the young, how much space do they occupy in the making of the future of Cameroon? To answer these questions, this article makes a critical analysis of President Biya’s “Le Cameroun des Grands Ambitions” policy, embedded in the “vision 2035” framework, to transform Cameroon into an emerging economy by 2035.
    [Show full text]
  • Rill COPY Report No
    Tni r CnDY R ERESTRICTED rILl COPY Report No. AF-15a Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized THE ECONOMY OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON Volume I Main Report Public Disclosure Authorized April 8, 1964 Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Operations Africa CONVERSION RATES 50 C FAF = 1 French franc 1 CFAF = 0. 4 U.S. 247 CFAF 1 $ U.S. 1 million CFAF = 4, 051 $ U.S. 1 E 1 US$ 1950 - August 31, 1957: CFAF 492 175 August 31, 1957 - Dec. 31, 1958: CFAF 590 210 after December 31, 1958: CFAF 685 247 THE ECONOMY OF CAMEROON Table of Contents Volwae I - MIain Report Page No. BASIC DATA IAPS OF RAINFALL, POPULATION, EXPORT PRODUCTS AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK SUNMNARY AND CONCLUSIONS ... ..... .. .. ..... i I. THE COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE . 1 A. Geography and Climate . 1 B. Population . 1 C. Political Background . 2 II. STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOI-lY . 5 A. Structure of the Economy . .. 5 B. Principal Economic Sectors . 8 Agriculture . 8 Livestocktuin . 11 Fishing . a . 11 ForestryPbiA iisrto .... ........ 11 B-aeninge . 12 ManufacturingDE.P.TLA IN.... 12 Power . *......... 14 Transportation and Co2munications 14 Education * ... 15 Public Administration . 16 III. TRADE AND PAg2ENTS . 17 A. External Trade and Payments . 17 B. Trade Relations ........ ....... a 19 IV. FINANCE AND DEVELOR'ENT PLANNINIG .........
    [Show full text]
  • Cameroon Forest Sector Development in a Difficult Political Economy
    WORLD BANK OPERATIONS EVALUATION DEPARTMENT Public Disclosure Authorized CCaammeerroooonn FFoorreesstt SSeecctotorr DDeevveeloloppmmeenntt iinn aa DDififfificcuultlt PPoolilititiccaall EEccoonnoommyy Public Disclosure Authorized EvaluationEvaluation CountryCountry CaseCase StudyStudy SeriesSeries Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK OPERATIONS EVALUATION DEPARTMENT Cameroon Forest Sector Development in a Difficult Political Economy Evaluation Country Case Study Series B. Essama-Nssah James J. Gockowski 2000 The World Bank www.worldbank.org/html/oed Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2000 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank or its member governments. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clear- ance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A., telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-730-4470.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SOCIAL ECONOMY of CAMEROON Mapping the Structure of the SE of Cameroon
    Im YVETTE NKWAH KOABIGH (uc2012180406) THE SOCIAL ECONOMY OF CAMEROON Mapping the Structure of the SE of Cameroon Dissertation of the Masters in Roads to Democracy presented at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Coimbra Supervisor: Dr. Silvia Ferreira September 2016 YVETTE NKWAH KOABIGH The Social Economy of Cameroon Mapping the structure of the SE of Cameroon Dissertação de Mestrado em Democracia e governacao, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Orientadora: Doutor Silvia Ferreira Coimbra 2016 Image source: (Zikipediq, 2016) DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my entire family and loved ones without whose caring support it would not have been possible. Thank you all for walking with me through this journey. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I will like to acknowledge the dedication of my supervisor Dr. Silvia Ferreira, without whose constant encouragement and efforts there would not be a project. Special thanks goes to Mr. Ondobo Charles, sub-director of the development of the Social Economy under the Ministry of Small and Medium Size enterprises, Social Economy and Handicraft in Cameroon. It was very kind of him to take my work seriously and agree to be interviewed. Not only did he respond to my questionnaires, he also made sure I got the data I needed. For his sake, I do hope this work expresses the mission and vision of the Ministry. Family is gold and I am blessed with a large one. My parents in Cameroon have done their best to ensure I earn a post-graduate degree and I hope I made them proud.
    [Show full text]