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Spotted Lanternfly Management for Homeowners

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Spotted Lanternfly Management for Homeowners Spotted Lanternfly Management for Homeowners E. Smyers Introduction Quick Facts Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, is an invasive • SLF is a destructive invasive pest, threatening planthopper, native to China, that was first detected in 2014 agricultural, timber, and ornamental industries, and in southeastern Pennsylvania. It feeds voraciously on many the plants in your backyard. plants, including economically important crops like fruit • SLF is currently under quarantine in 13 counties in trees, grapevines, hops, hardwoods, and ornamentals. If you Pennsylvania. think you have SLF, do not panic! First, make sure the insect • SLF does not bite or sting. you are seeing is the spotted lanternfly. Second, learn about its • Stop the spread of SLF by checking your car and any life cycle and habits. Third, determine what plants it is infest- outdoor equipment (grills, mowers, firewood, etc.) ing and what it is not. Fourth, employ management strategies when going in and out of the quarantine zone. at the proper time of the year. • Manage SLF on your property by scraping eggs, band- ing trees, removing the favored host (tree-of-heaven), Identification and Life Cycle and using chemical control when appropriate. There is one generation of SLF per year. The eggs are laid in late fall and hatch in the spring. Egg masses are laid on hard sur- dots and black stripes (Figure 1). SLF adults emerge in July faces (trees, decks, houses, outdoor equipment, rocks, etc.) and and are active until winter. This is the most obvious and easily protected with a mud-like covering. Each egg mass contains detectable stage because they are large (~1 inch) and highly 30–50 eggs. After hatching and before reaching adulthood, mobile. Adults have black bodies with brightly colored wings. SLF goes through four nymph stages. Nymphs are small (¼ Only the adults can fly. Because SLF adults jump more than fly, to ½ inch) and hard to find. The first three stages (instars) are their wings often remain closed. SLF wings are gray with black all black with white spots, and the last instar is red with white spots, and the tips of the wings are black with gray veins. A. Egg masses B. Early nymph C. Late nymph D. Adult, wings closed ACTUAL SIZE: ¼" A Photo credit here B C ACTUAL SIZE: ½" D ACTUAL SIZE: 1" E E. Adult, wings open E. Swackhamer PA Department of Agriculture PA Department of Agriculture PA Department of Agriculture PA Department of Agriculture Figure 1. The life stages of SLF, including an egg mass on a tree. Current Distribution Steps of Spotted Lanternfly Management and Reporting 1 Stop the spread An SLF quarantine is currently in effect for 13 counties in 2 Scrape eggs Pennsylvania (Figure 2). If you are located outside the quar- Band trees to catch nymphs antine zone and find a spotted lanternfly, collect and report it 3 immediately with our online reporting system at extension 4 Remove tree-of-heaven .psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly or by calling 1-888-4BAD-FLY. SLF found within the quarantine zone does not need to be 5 Apply insecticides reported. be underneath your car or in your wheel well. During all oth- er times of the year, check for nymphs and adults, and keep your windows rolled up when you park. Don’t store things or park under infested trees, and don’t move firewood. MONROE CARBON Egg Scraping NORTHAMPTON SCHUYLKILL LEHIGH Walk around your property to check for egg masses on trees, BERKS BUCKS LEBANON cement blocks, rocks, and any other hard surface. If you find MONTGOMERY LANCASTER CHESTER egg masses on your property from September to June, you DELAWARE PHILADELPHIA can scrape them off using a plastic card or putty knife (Figure Not found Present 3). Scrape them into a bag or container filled with isopropyl Figure 2. The distribution as of June 20, 2018, of SLF in Pennsyl- alcohol or hand sanitizer. vania, indicated in blue. Check the Pennsylvania Department of This is the most effective Agriculture’s website for updated distribution information. way to kill the eggs, but they can also be smashed Feeding Damage or burned. Remember that some eggs will be laid at Agriculture of Department PA SLF is capable of causing serious damage to its host, includ- the tops of trees and may ing oozing sap from the trees, wilting, leaf curling, and even not be possible to reach. death. SLF feeds using a piercing-sucking mouthpart tapped Figure 3. Scraping SLF egg masses from a tree. into the plant like a straw. When SLF feeds, it also excretes Tree Banding honeydew, or sugary water. This creates a sticky surface on and around plants that encourages the growth of black sooty When the nymphs first mold. This mold is harmless to people but can cause damage hatch, they will walk up to the plant. If you see black sooty mold or sticky areas on a the trees to feed on the PA Department of Agriculture of Department PA plant or tree, it may be infested by SLF, but it could also be softer new growth of the aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, or scale insects. Therefore, plant. Take advantage of this behavior by wrapping it is important to identify the cause of the mold, as control Figure 4. A banded tree with SLF measures may differ for pests other than SLF. There is no way tree trunks in sticky tape nymphs stuck at the bottom. to prevent SLF from moving onto your property. Be aware and trapping the nymphs. that SLF is very mobile and management actions must be Any tree can be banded, continuous to keep them off your property. but we recommend specifically banding tree-of-heaven, the preferred host, or trees where you see a lot of egg masses Management or nymphs (Figure 4). Special tape for this purpose can be purchased, though duct tape wrapped backward and tight to Stop the Spread the tree also works well. Push pins can be used to secure the When you travel in and out of the quarantine zone, check band. Adult SLF will avoid tape, so it is essential to band trees your car and outdoor equipment (grills, outdoor furniture, in the spring when there are nymphs. Be advised that birds landscaping supplies, mowers, etc.). Check for SLF egg masses and small mammals stuck to the tape, while rare, have been from late fall to early spring. Remember that egg masses may reported. Check and change traps every other week. - 2 - Host Removal Active Ingredient Mode of Exposure Example Products Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is an invasive plant, but acetamiprid Ortho Flower Fruit & systemic/contact it is common in landscape plantings, agricultural areas, and (neonicotinoid) Vegetable Insect Killer along the sides of roads. This is the preferred host for SLF azadirachtin* Neemix 4.5 Insect Growth and current management efforts are focused on removing contact this tree. This involves applying an herbicide to the tree and (botanical) Regulator cutting it down from July to September. Failure to apply her- Ortho Bug-B-Gon Insect bicide will result in new growth from the stump; even when Killer for Lawns & Gardens, treated, multiple applications may be necessary over time to The Anderson’s Turf bifenthrin (pyrethroid) contact completely kill the tree. These trees can get very tall, so seek Products Duocide Insect the help of a tree care service if necessary. Tree-of-heaven is Control, Bug Blaster II Turf named because of its rapid growth, which can reach up to Ornamental Insect Control 100 feet tall and 6 feet in diameter. The bark of tree-of-heaven is similar to the outside of a cantaloupe. When crushed, the The Anderson’s Turf leaves put off a foul odor that many describe as rotten pea- Products Duocide Insect nut butter. There are both male and female trees, and only Control, Sevin Bug Killer, carbaryl (carbamate) contact female trees produce seed. They spread by seed and will also Bayer Complete Insect Killer produce “clones” by their roots. This tree can be mistaken for Gardens, Ortho Bug-Geta for other native species, including black walnut, hickory, and Plus Snail Slug & Insect Killer staghorn sumac. For help identifying and treating this plant, visit extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly. While tree-of- Ortho Tree & Shrub Insect dinotefuran Control, Zylam Insecticide, heaven is a preferred host, SLF feeds on a large variety of systemic/contact plants, including many of the trees in your backyard. Re- (neonicotinoid) Safari Insecticide, Transtect moving these may not be preferred; refer to the next section Insecticide for further guidance. Ortho MAX Tree & Shrub Insect Control, Ferti-Lome Chemical Control Tree & Shrub Systemic Insect imidacloprid Insecticides can be contact, systemic, or both, and may vary systemic/contact Drench, Bayer Tree and (neonicotinoid) greatly in the length of control after application (i.e., residual Shrub Insect Control, Bonide activity). Contact insecticides kill SLF when the chemical Annual Tree & Shrub Insect contacts the insect as a direct spray to the adult or nymph, Control with SYSTEMAXX or when the pest walks over a surface with pesticide residue Ambrands AMDRO Quick Kill on it. Systemic insecticides are absorbed by the tree through thiamethoxam systemic/contact Lawn & Landscape Insect sprayed leaves, roots, and or woody tissue and are moved by (neonicotinoid) its vascular system to other parts of the tree. SLF is killed Killer as it feeds on any part of the tree, even if it was not sprayed Concern Insect Killing directly (e.g., spraying the lower part of the tree will protect Soap C, Ortho Elementals soaps* contact the tree tops). Systemic insecticides work best when applied in Insecticidal Soap, Safer the spring and early summer, before the more mobile adults Insect-Killing-Soap emerge.
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