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CONWAY LAKE Water Quality Monitoring: 2011 Summary and Recommendations NH LAKES LAY MONITORING PROGRAM

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CONWAY LAKE Water Quality Monitoring: 2011 Summary and Recommendations NH LAKES LAY MONITORING PROGRAM CONWAY LAKE Water Quality Monitoring: 2011 Summary and Recommendations NH LAKES LAY MONITORING PROGRAM By: Robert Craycraft & Jeffrey Schloss Center for Freshwater Biology University of New Hampshire To obtain additional information on the NH Lakes Lay Monitoring Program (NH LLMP) contact the Coordinator (Jeff Schloss) at 603-862-3848 or Assistant Coordinator (Bob Craycraft) at 603-862-3696. This page intentionally left blank PREFACE This report contains the findings of a water quality survey of Conway Lake, Conway and Eaton, New Hampshire, conducted in the summer of 2011 by the Uni- versity of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology (CFB) in conjunction with the Conway Lake Conservation Association. The report is written with the concerned lake resident in mind and contains a brief, non-technical summary of the 2011 results as well as more detailed "Introduc- tion" and "Discussion" sections. Graphic display of data is included, in addition to listings of data in appendices, to aid visual perspective. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2011 was the twenty-ninth year Conway Lake was monitored in conjunc- tion with the New Hampshire Lakes Lay Monitoring Program (LLMP). The volunteer monitors involved in the water qual- ity monitoring effort are highlighted in Table 1 Table 1: Conway Lake while Dave and Pat Dick and Tom Gross acted as Volunteer Monitors liaisons to the UNH Center for Freshwater Bi- (2011) ology (CFB). The CFB congratulates the volun- Monitor Name teer monitors on the quality of their work, and the Dave & Pat Dick time and effort put forth. We invite other interest- Julie Dick ed residents to join the Conway Lake water quality John Edgerton monitoring effort in 2012 and expand upon the cur- Tom & Marcia Gross rent database. The Conway Lake Conservation As- Richard Long Jim Salmon sociation provided the funding for the volunteer monitoring program while the CFB provided at- cost services and subsidized analyses. The New Hampshire Lakes Lay Monitoring Program is a not-for- profit citizen based research program coordinated by Robert Craycraft and di- rected by Jeff Schloss, Associate Director of the UNH CFB. Members of the CFB-LLMP summer field team included Michel Helou, Lejla Kadic, Ashley Lipus and Cara McGuire, while Emma Leslie and Jesica Waller provided addi- tional assistance in the fall analyzing, compiling and organizing the water quali- ty data. The LLMP acknowledges the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension for funding and furnishing office and storage space, while the College of Life Sciences and Agriculture provided laboratory facilities and additional storage space. The LLMP would also like to thank the Caswell Family Foun- dation for their continued generosity in providing long-term support for under- graduate assistantships, while additional support for administering the NH LLMP comes from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture through support from the Northeast States and Caribbean Islands Regional Water Quality Program, (http://www.usawaterquality.org/nesci/). Participating groups in the LLMP include: Acton-Wakefield Watershed Alliance, Green Mountain Conservation Group, North River Lake Monitors, the associations of Baboosic Lake, Bow Lake Camp Owners, Chocorua Lake, Conway Lake Conservation, Crystal Lake, Goose Pond, Great East Lake, Lake Kanasatka Watershed, Langdon Cove, Long Island Landowners, Lovell Lake, Mendums Pond, Merrymeeting Lake, Milton Three Ponds Lake Lay Monitoring, Mirror Lake (Tuftonboro), Moultonborough Bay, Lake Winnipesaukee, Naticook Lake, Newfound Lake Region, Nippo Lake, Silver Lake (Madison), Squam ii Lakes, Sunset Lake, Swains Lake, Lake Wentworth, Winnisquam Drive, and the towns of Alton, Amherst, Enfield, Madison, Meredith, Merrimack, Milton, Straf- ford and Wolfeboro. Major collaborators with the UNH CFB in 2011 included the NH Water Resources Research Center, New Hampshire Lakes Association, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Lakes Region Planning Commission, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Sandy Point Discovery Center (NH Fish and Game and Great Bay National Estuary Research Reserve), EPA New Eng- land, the Volunteer Monitoring National Facilitation Project (USDA) and the Northeastern States and Caribbean Islands Regional Water Center (USDA Na- tional Institute of Food and Agriculture). iii Conway Lake Water Quality Monitoring (2011) Conway Lake remains one of Conway and Eaton’s natural resource assets providing recreational opportunities to the lakefront property owners, town residents and out of town visitors. Long-term water quality monitoring was instituted on Conway Lake to generate a database to which future water quality data could be compared, to identify potential problems around the lake and to proactively address water quality threats to the lake which will help ensure that Conway Lake remains a natural resource asset for future generations. 2011 Water Quality Data Water Quality monitoring continued in Conway Lake during the summer of 2011 where volunteer water quality monitoring has been undertaken since 1983. The volunteers collected weekly data during the “summer growing season” that spanned from June 26 through September 27, 2011. Water quality monitoring focused on the collection of water quality data at three deep sampling locations that provide insight into the overall condition of Conway Lake. The 2011 Conway Lake water quality data continued to be characterized by high water transparency, low levels of microscopic plant, algal, growth and low phosphorus (nutrient) concentrations relative to other New Hampshire Lakes. Water transparency measurements are collected with a standardized eight inch diameter black and white disk that is lowered into the water column while looking through a view scope until it can no longer be seen. The scope ne- gates the influence of waves and sun reflection to allow more precise measure- ment. The Conway Lake water transparency measurements remained high throughout the summer months and included a maximum visibility of 23.1 feet on August 11, 2011. The amount of microscopic plant growth (visually detectible as golden or green water) generally remained low during the summer months and remained well below nuisance levels. The corresponding phosphorus (nutrient) concentra- tions remained low at each of the three deep sampling locations and correspond- ed to the low levels of algal growth documented in Conway Lake. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, required for a healthy fishery, were re- duced near the lake bottom by August 11, 2011 and suggest Conway Lake is best suited as a warm water fishery. Common Concerns among New Hampshire Lakes Many lakeshore property owners throughout New Hampshire express concerns that increased aquatic plant “weed” growth and the amount of slime that coats the lake bottom in the shallows has been steadily increasing over the years. While sufficient data have not been generated to scientifically support iv these assertions, communications from Conway Lake camp owners indicate the- se are also concerns for their lake. As the lakeshore and the surrounding up- lands are converted from a well forested landscape to a more suburbanized set- ting, more nutrients oftentimes enter the lake and in turn promote plant growth. Keep in mind, the same nutrients that stimulate growth of our lawns will also stimulate growth in our lakes. Nutrients can originate from a number of sources within the Conway Lake watershed that include septic system effluent, lawn fer- tilizer runoff and sediment washout. While some nutrient loading will occur naturally even in our most remote New Hampshire lakes, there are steps you can take to minimize nutrient runoff, that increases microscopic plant growth (greenness), contributes to the slimy coatings we find on rocks along our beaches and allows for new, or the expansion of, existing weed beds in the shallows of Conway Lake. 10 Recommendations for Healthy Lakeshore and Streamside Living Given the concerns discussed above make sure you consider the following rec- ommendations and spread the word to your lake association and neighbors. 1. Encourage shoreside vegetation and protect wetlands - Shoreside vegeta- tion (also known as riparian vegetation) and wetlands provide a protec- tive buffer that “traps” pollutants before reaching the lake. These buffers remove materials both chemically (through biological uptake) and physi- cally (settling materials out). As riparian buffers are removed and wet- lands lost, pollutant materials are more likely to enter the lake and in turn, favor declining water quality. Tall shoreline vegetation will also dis- courage geese invasions and shade the water, which reduces the possibil- ity of aquatic weed recruitment including the dreaded invasive milfoil. 2. Limit fertilizer applications - Fertilizers entering the lake can stimulate aquatic plant and algal growth and in extreme cases result in noxious al- gal blooms. Increases in algal growth tend to diminish water transparen- cy and under extreme cases culminate in surface “scums” that can wash up on the shoreline and can also produce unpleasant smells as the mate- rial decomposes. Excessive nutrient concentrations also favor algal forms known to produce toxins, which irritate the skin and under extreme condi- tions are dangerous when ingested. Use low maintenance grasses such as fescues that require less nutrients and water to grow. Do not apply any fertilizers until you have had your soils tested. A simple pH adjustment
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