Main Streets of the Nation
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DEPARTMENT OFTHEINTERIOR BUREAU OF EDUCATION 1 BULLETIN,1923, No. 38 I. %. MAINSTREETSOF THE NATION A SERIES -OF PROJECTSON HIGHWAY 6 TRANSPORTFOR ELEMENT- TARY SCHOOLS a ; By FLORENCEC. FOX SPECIAUST IN EDUCATIONALSYSTEMS BUREAU OF EDUCATION - a ,,,, o - I°:"cAl4-TIF- 11;77V11 0/047I/C& 'a4teN`49 ks%, t4)\ ga . ,, it0A si . 1r . * ritP riI 444i . 6 ., ,ii '1 . , 0 ii &/.0,1 . o "r -. ' . O.% 4. 1... 1. 4 t ". .. ; . I:'. .1 t7 ", I4 " . ' . I . A WASHINGTON ; s. GOVERNMiNTPRINTING OFFICE r - 1923 ,r ,* - I1=- 2. .. D.; o r . 4 4.. 4 ADDITIONAL COPIES 01 TillsPUBLICATION MAY DEPROCURED FRoM THE sUPERINTENDENTOF DoCUMENTs GovERNMENT PRINTING4IFFICE WASHINGTON,D. C. Al 10 CENTS PERCOPY - PURCHASER AGREESNfTTO RESELL oRDISTRIBUTE THIS 4.. COPY FOR PRCIFIT.PV13.RES. 57, APPROVEDMAY 11, 1922 J11. 4IP I. ..t A e a 1 08 1 ' r 11 444 . t . ., . 1 t,*',6)1t 61:26. .4 Mrilt"-t.t! f-.2t L.% " . 6 11 ; A- 511,2 ; 4 :_.. ", . t " 1 2 I .X4'4 " ''; I.:, 2,.: .- *: 1 e -I ,ifr; '; 4 o :00 I I s , V .. t o 1,1 r 4 01. " n!MMBffl ,14 U. a _ -4-'4_..4 , ss - - 4. 'Ray, rt ." _Ug go, r/1 .1. a r .- %. x?» # . "ro_4",''-,7m0ylktkiti, 47, ir r_ c. NS) 1' il.K4;!` sir 'reJ 1%- r I, r F.' 91 ;, I:447 t _,Ag..¡77 11° -4 _al " A,. r AI; tutftwomme iorr. .` t_ .1 eat. M4IN STREET'SOFTHENATION. Reliefmap cif the United States in chalk modeiing,used Ina study of engineering problem& p. mo so 4 CONTENTS. Page. Foreword- Om. .1 IMM MINN 4111111. Introduction_ IMO .. AN,1- @Am 1 ,e _ __ _ Chapter I.Lessons in geography .111M 3 A journey law S over the Lincoln Highway _ _ _ _ 3 A journey over the Lee Highway _ .. 5 A jilurneyoverthe Dixie Highway _ . _______ 6 A journey over the Ohl Spanish Trail__ __ 0 . Selection of highways forstudy _ 6 State study 7 Chapter H.LessonsInscience: Engineering problems in road construction , __ ______ 31 .._ Engineering problems in bridgeconstruotion __ _ __ INNS 22 . rhapter InLessons in civics .- _ a.=gm. moo AN. 24 i (;eneral outline of study _ 2-4 chapter IV.Lessons in historyand liternture.......ga ..rmm omo =dBsmillM 35 cietteral outline Ofstudy 35- .. Bibliographies .,' MP M . OM 1M QM 40 ILLUSTRATIONS. .419 Main fltreks of theNation (reliefmapof the United Statesin chalk modeling) 4_________ ____________________. Frontispiece. Portable blackboardmapof the .4niteil States 4 Countymapof the United Stakts__________ Imb _ ....... _ ____ .NA AW 4 The Lincoln Highwaythrough New Jersey__ _......,.....-.r............A.e.a... 8 , goadlocatjon_____-__-_____-_----------- :MED 13 . Road drainage_______ J...._-:__--- on. ^- ___ _______ 13 Road grading _ __ __ 14 Brick roads(Man laying bricks)__ ____ _ 15 Brick roads (rolling bricks) __.___ WO/.I. IN 111. 16 Asphalt roads . 17 Macadamroads _ _. - 17 Concreteroads (pouring concrete into the forms) 19 Coneilbte roads '(theconcretemixei.) .I 19 A building projectby fifth-grade 'pupils . 21 Reproduction l'nbltickf;ottr4drawing (settleonthe Lincoln 'highway)._ 25 .1 ReproductionIn blackboard drawing (aiin-c.antourists' cdinp) 25 ft Effectof good roadson. rural schools 30 e TheMPchildren arrive at school dry and wtirm, readyto begin the day's t. (4 watt 31 , 44. Reproductionin coloredpapercutting 34 , UI :4 FOREWORD. Thc natiOnal-highways.The automobile andthe tourist have p41.aedalargepart in the developme.nt ofourhighways.They created the demandand the Nation hasresponded. The g.reatnational highways,the Lincoln Highway,thtLee High- way,the DixieHighway, the OldSpanish Trail, iheNational 014 111-tilsRoad, andmanyOthers have- developed largely becausecross- .0 ty.atginentaltravel has becomesop.opularduring the la-st fewyears. failey thousandtourists speedoverthesepavements tind stopt4o spend aayift'one of the beautyspotsofOur couiltry.East- iswest. andwestiseast,onthe highway,. andstrangersceaseto exist, when . touristsmeetonthegreataventu'bs oftravel which theyand their, earshaVe broughtinto The" Mate Iriqhways.The. Shite roadshave been extendeduntil they Penetrate:every Partof theCommonwealth. They makeaccesv sible Owlakes and mountains,the rivers and forests Ohichhavegois lung laili Itid4pfrom the tourist's e3;e. Michitian's good roads hitve reachedtothe innermdstrecessesof . her pineforests and haw disclose'dher beautiftilsystemof inland lakes.North Carolinaenticee. the ,touristto her mountainresorts by me.an-s Of hernew1,mrd-surfaced rdads.-Florida has- builther TamiamiTrailthrough'the Everglades.Oregon's ColumbiaHigh-. wayhas becomebile of the wontiler of the country./ Californa, beck- on's NNit-honeof the finestsystems of roads in the world.All these lines oftravelarefilled with tourists seekingtoseeandto know thé unboundedresoures the natural beauties ofour country. pd P THECIULD/S'RELATION. Td THE HIGHWAY. 4 Theahighway is close.tli'reveryc1ii1d'.3 eiperience andplaysail im- portant pitrt in..-the activities of his life.The infloenpe ofthe-stred is 'second: onlyto,that of the home.The 'highway prOjectholds, for that: refison;analksorbing interestiorchildren in the middle.: aua .. e appei* gradeaItpresentsawiderange of stibjoct'matter -andan optiorttin.ity-fcirmanyforgo qf .aet.iyit.Y.The plan. ofstud;for*.e.:.., . Main Streets'of .the 'NO icine. is- given ip this' blilletitiis found -hi the 1 .. a I, .. v.ef(51J9whig : , . 6 : tible . ,, . ._. tS.4, . 111. %. ... : . , , .4 ' ' . t 4k, I ., . e !/, 7140"..k.t " 4 r,%4SW:. "%:1' 14.'t". I.:OVA-PI. " VI FOREW0111)11 411A Orgati (If subjectOft f lee -.... I. 11. Iv. ICentralsubject Modei orstudy. Modes ofe\pnK- sion, Modes (ifjwign;01. ...111... .. Gesture. Music.- I Science. Making. (fleography. A 1otwervation. Modeling.. Form. The child'srelation to.. Hearing language. Painting. I Number.her., I History. I Reading. .1 1 )raw ing. Literature. Speech.t)t.a1 trading. Wring. .M I. The centralsubjects representingt hevhIkI'sinterests6tiEt% enoes. II. The modesof study, throughwldch the child receiveshism tansof the centralsubjects. Ill. The modesof epression by which thechild reproduceshis i mpretssiAmsor the centralsubjects, Iv. The modesof judgmentby which t liechildmeasures his impressionsorthe centralsubjects. I.TI I F.CF.N 'FHA I.;l'ly1.4 1 Thecentralsubject4reptesent fivecenters Of studyasgiven in tile outline . above.Thelessons inscienceincludesimpleengineering problems inroad antibridgeconstruction;those ingeography and history, theloco and earlyhistry ofpresentroutes of travel; in. civics,theuseof thehighways;amr-in 'literature,lippropriate songsand §torieswhich 80anartisticelementto the study. *., 2 11. MODESkOFSTUDY. The *lodesof stadylisted inthèoutlinie bywhichathechild gains hisimpressionsare,first, . , obsepvat ionsecond,hearing-language; and third,reading.Observation°is1).. farthemost important method ofstudy inasubfectofthis kind;-and ample !it opportunity should begivento the childrento exercikbthisfunction in field lessons- andbymeansofpictures,models,andspecimenswhichan) , broughtinto.theschoolroom. .. 3 -Thesecondmode, thatof hearind-language,functions inthe dis- . cussions and . repprtson . thehighway ., : byclassmatesand, teacherdur- ing the4citation . I r 4. ' pOods, with t parents at home,orthroughaddresses:i .. , by offiCialsof14m highwaywhoaregladto spendWiriiour with the i children reportingon some particularphase ofthe work A:11kb theyareintereited. .The thirdmethodof study,reading.presentsa greater difficulty, !oI because iolittlehas ityer been writtenonthehighway.For that reasonthe lessonsgiven inthis bulletinarein die.,form of reading , 111110 it For detailed discussion oforonisationof subjectmatteroee Bureau cifEd.Bajletls 'a: 1921,Nog. 30. MaJorProJectsIn-ElementarySchools. # , FOREWORD. exercises wherever it. is ppssibletopresent tho content in thatman- ner.and it is hoped that the teaclwroftl'itighwayproject will have little difficulty in adapting themtoheruse. r 1 I.MODES OF EXPhESSION. The modes of tbxpression,glIsttare,!mask', making,plodding, paint- ing drawing, speech, 'andwritingcanall be,.use4 with ptoiitin this . Andy of the highways. Eachlesson in science,history,. geography,' civics, and literatue should bereproduced inone or moreof these modes of expression. Under.gesture the dramatizationof highwayconstruction anti highway safety and cleanlinessmaybe presented bythe pupils in.. the' form of playsand pantomimes.Pageants .of -.historicepisodes along the ancient tyaits(hiring tlm early.history ofour country may be given, and.aiipropriatestories andpoemsreproduced in posing - and acting. , fifiiidhig miniatureromiwaysonthe sand fableto illustrate differ- ent typesof highways andtheliwstmethods ofroadside improve-, 'men(will giveap_added interestto the study and *ill , help the childrento) solvesowOf tlw Problemswhich have. beendisctmed . in the dassroom. Theplanting oftrees and shrubs along theroad- side, the placing of.streetlamps anti methimisof lighting, theside- guarding. of travelersatcurvesand.corners itnall be worked.out 1. in'iletaii by makilv.niiniattnimodels ofthest problem§ inappro-- PrimeTat eria Is.Modell-np tile &rent kinds ofroads, concrete, hard gravel, sam1,2nd eitrthroads, beconies it.part of this building project anti helpsthe childrento understand something ofthecon- struction and theutility of .varioustypes of surface .foundon our highways. Reproductions colormaybe made by piinthiyhighway land-, scapesinwater color anti by cutting ¡ulster'sfront coloredpapers. Bblekboaredrateingsofscenesfrom the.highways, of hridges,and of parkways ghouldb:afrequently usedmodium throughwhich the diildrenmay expresstheir ideas pinvdfrom thiB study: Splech andrwriting 'are theJundamental