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Draft Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Orchids
SURVEY GUIDELINES FOR AUSTRALIA’S THREATENED ORCHIDS GUIDELINES FOR DETECTING ORCHIDS LISTED AS ‘THREATENED’ UNDER THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 0 Authorship and acknowledgements A number of experts have shared their knowledge and experience for the purpose of preparing these guidelines, including Allanna Chant (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Allison Woolley (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment), Andrew Brown (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation), Annabel Wheeler (Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian Department of the Environment), Anne Harris (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), David T. Liddle (Northern Territory Department of Land Resource Management, and Top End Native Plant Society), Doug Bickerton (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), John Briggs (New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage), Luke Johnston (Australian Capital Territory Environment and Sustainable Development Directorate), Sophie Petit (School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia), Melanie Smith (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Oisín Sweeney (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), Richard Schahinger (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment). Disclaimer The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the Australian Government. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. -
Black-Tipped Spider Orchid Caladenia Anthracina D.L.Jones, Austral
THREATENED SPECIES LISTING STATEMENT ORCHID Black-tipped spider orchid Caladenia anthracina D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 3: 21 (1998) Status Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 ……………………………….……..………..………..….….endangered Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999…………................…….…Critically Endangered Hans & Annie Wapstra Description the scents resembling pheromones of the female Black-tipped spider orchid belongs to the genus wasps that are produced by glands on the flowers. Caladenia. All species are deciduous and die back A few spider orchids may also be pollinated by after flowering to small subterranean tubers native bees. enclosed by a fibrous sheath or tunic. Plants have a single narrow basal leaf that appears above ground Caladenia anthracina flowers from late September in late autumn or early winter following rains. The to early November and in flower, the plants are 10 flowers have a labellum (lip) which is hinged at the to 20 cm tall with a wiry and densely hairy stalk base and bears rows of conspicuous, variously bearing a single flower. The flower is 45 to 65 mm shaped and coloured calli on the upper surface. The across and is white to cream with pale reddish lines labellum margins often also bear calli or may be and prominent black tail-like extensions. The dorsal deeply lobed or toothed. Members of this genus sepal is 35 to 55 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide, the have hairs on most above-ground organs. lateral (lowermost) sepals are 35 to 55 mm long and 3.5 to 5 mm wide and the petals are 35 to 45 mm Spider orchids have large flowers with long, long and 2 to 3 mm wide. -
Flowering Times of Tasmanian Orchids: a Practical Guide for Field Botanists
Flowering Times of Tasmanian Orchids: A Practical Guide for Field Botanists 0 Flowering Times of Tasmanian Orchids: A Practical Guide for Field Botanists FOREWORD This document fills a significant gap in the Tasmanian orchid literature. Given the inherent difficulties in locating and surveying orchids in their natural habitat, an accurate guide to their flowering times will be an invaluable tool to field botanists, consultants and orchid enthusiasts alike. Flowering Times of Tasmanian Orchids: A Practical Guide for Field Botanists has been developed by Tasmania’s leading orchid experts, drawing collectively on many decades of field experience. The result is the most comprehensive State reference on orchid flowering available. By virtue of its ease of use, accessibility and identification of accurate windows for locating our often-cryptic orchids, it will actually assist in conservation by enabling land managers and consultants to more easily comply with the survey requirements of a range of land-use planning processes. The use of this guide will enhance efforts to locate new populations and increase our understanding of the distribution of orchid species. The Threatened Species Section commends this guide and strongly recommends its use as a reference whenever surveys for orchids are undertaken. Matthew Larcombe Project Officer (Threatened Orchid and Euphrasia) Threatened Species Section, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment March 2008 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY This document is available as a PDF file downloadable from the following websites: www.fpa.tas.gov.au www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au www.ecotas.com.au It may also be requested directly from the authors (see contact details below). -
Caladenia Caudata Caudata (Tailed Spider-Orchid)
Listing Statement for Caladenia caudata (tailed spider-orchid) Caladenia caudata tailed spider-orchid T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by Mark Wapstra Scientific name: Caladenia caudata Nicholls, Vict. Nat . 64: 231 (1948) Common name: tailed spider-orchid Name history: Calonemorchis caudata, Arachnorchis caudata Group: vascular plant, monocotyledon, family Orchidaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 : vulnerable Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 : Vulnerable Distribution: Endemic status: endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Regions: Cradle Coast, North, South Figure 1. Distribution of Caladenia caudata , showing Plate 1. Caladenia caudata from Railton (LHS) and Waverley NRM regions Flora Park (RHS) (images by Mark Wapstra) 1 Threatened Species and Marine Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Listing Statement for Caladenia caudata (tailed spider-orchid) SUMMARY: Caladenia caudata (tailed spider- successive years and they are unable to emerge orchid) is a terrestrial orchid, found mainly in and replenish their tubers, for example, if the dry heathland and heathy woodland habitats, in vegetation becomes overgrown or during lowland areas of northern, eastern and periods of prolonged drought. southeastern Tasmania. While over 40 subpopulations have been recorded, the The response of species of Caladenia to fire majority have either not been observed for varies but most species respond vigorously to decades or support a low number of high intensity fires during the preceding individuals. The data suggest that the total summer (Jones et al . -
Caladenia Dienema Listingcaladenia Statement for Dienema (Windswept Spider-Orchid)
Caladenia dienema ListingCaladenia Statement for dienema (windswept spider-orchid) windswept spider-orchid T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by Mark Wapstra Scientific name: Caladenia dienema D.L. Jones, Austral. Orchid Res . 3: 28 (1998) Common name: windswept spider-orchid (Wapstra et al. 2005) Group: vascular plant, monocotyledon, family Orchidaceae Name history: Calonemorchis dienema (Szlachetko 2001), Arachnorchis dienema (Jones et al. 2001), see Hopper & Brown (2004) Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 : endangered Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 : Critically Endangered Distribution: Endemic status: Endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Region: Cradle Coast Figure 1. Distribution of Caladenia dienema Plate 1. Caladenia dienema (image by Mark Wapstra) 1 Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Listing Statement for Caladenia dienema (windswept spider-orchid) IDENTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY appears to respond with prolific flowering in Caladenia dienema is a perennating herb the first few years after the fire event, especially belonging to the large-flowered section of the summer fires. genus Caladenia , sometimes included in the genus Arachnorchis literally meaning “spider- Survey techniques orchid” (Jones et al. 2001). Spider-orchids The flowers are used to identify Caladenia generally have large flowers with long tapered dienema. The flowering period was thought to or filamentous segments. They are often consistently be late October to early November pollinated by male thynnine wasps that attempt (Wapstra et al. -
Checklist of the Orchids of Australia Including Its Island Territories
Checklist of the Orchids of Australia Including its Island Territories Gary N. Backhouse Robert J. Bates Andrew P. Brown Lachlan M. Copeland Second Edition Contents Introduction ........................................................................................ page 1 Australia orchid genera ...................................................................... page 4 Australia species ................................................................................. page 7 Non-native (exotic or weed) species ................................................ page 57 Australia hybrids ............................................................................... page 58 Australian Capital Territory species .................................................. page 69 Australian Capital Territory hybrids .................................................. page 72 New South Wales species ................................................................. page 73 New South Wales hybrids ................................................................. page 86 Northern Territory species ............................................................... page 88 Queensland species .......................................................................... page 89 Queensland hybrids .......................................................................... page 99 South Australia species ................................................................... page 100 South Australia hybrids .................................................................. -
Recovery Plan for Tasmanian Threatened Orchids
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND WATER Threatened Tasmanian Orchids Flora Recovery Plan 2006 - 2010 Threatened Tasmanian Orchid Flora Recovery Plan 2006-2010 1 DISCLAIMER This recovery plan has been prepared under the provisions of both the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (TSP Act). There are 68 orchid species covered by this plan, of which 34 are listed as threatened under both State and Commonwealth legislation, the remaining listed as rare or threatened under the TSP Act only. Twenty of the orchid species covered by this plan are endemic to Tasmania. For those species that also occur in other states this plan addresses the Tasmanian populations only. Adoption as a national recovery plan under the EPBC Act refers only to species listed under the EPBC Act. The taxonomy of orchids is constantly being revised. Should a species covered by this plan be split into several taxa all populations will remain covered by this plan under the original listing of the species. In the event of new orchid species being listed the content and actions of this plan will also be relevant to those new species, however this plan will then require revision to include the new species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This plan was prepared by Aaron Dalgleish with assistance and advice from Wendy Potts (TSS), Sally Bryant (TSS), Hans and Anne Wapstra, David Ziegeler, Andrew Pritchard (DSE) and Richard Schahinger (TSS). Fiona Coates (DSE), Gary French (PV), Brendon Sullivan (PV) and Andrew Batty (BGPA) provided valuable information concerning existing orchid recovery programs in other states. -
Name Authority, Common Name
THREATENED SPECIES LISTING STATEMENT ORCHID Paterson’s spider orchid Caladenia patersonii R.Br., Prodr. 324 (1810) Status Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 ……………………………….……..………..………….…..…vulnerable Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999……………………..….….…….....…....Not listed Hans & Annie Wapstra Description the scents resembling pheromones of the female Paterson’s spider orchid belongs to the genus wasps that are produced by glands on the flowers. Caladenia. All species are deciduous and die back A few spider orchids may also be pollinated by after flowering to small subterranean tubers native bees. enclosed by a fibrous sheath or tunic. Plants have a single narrow basal leaf that appears above ground The leaf of the Paterson’s spider orchid is densely in late autumn or early winter following rains. The hairy with a red to purple blotched base and is 8 to flowers have a labellum (lip) which is hinged at the 15 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide. It flowers from base and bears rows of conspicuous, variously September to November and in flower the plants shaped and coloured calli on the upper surface. The are 25 to 35 cm tall with a wiry and densely hairy labellum margins often also bear calli or may be stalk bearing one or two flowers. The flower is up deeply lobed or toothed. Members of this genus to 10 cm across and is commonly creamy white, have hairs on most above-ground organs. otherwise pale yellowish or pinkish, with darker red lines and reddish brown tail-like extensions. The Spider orchids have large flowers with long, dorsal sepal is 60 to 80 mm long and 2.5 to 3.5 mm tapered or filamentous segments. -
Threatened Tasmanian Orchids Flora Recovery Plan
Threatened Tasmanian Orchid Recovery Plan 2006-2010 1 Further de Disclaimer This Recovery Plan has been prepared under the provisions of both the Commonwealth Environment Protection and BioNew text Threatened Tasmanian Orchids Flora Recovery Plan As noted in the original disclaimer to the Plan, the taxonomy of orchids is under virtually constant review. While the original Plan utilised the most up-to-date taxonomy and nomenclature, this revised Plan takes account of substantial taxonomic and nomenclatural work in the interim. Should a species covered by this Plan be segregated into more than one taxon, all populations of the original and new taxa will remain covered by this Plan under the original listing of the species. In the event of new species being listed, the general content and actions of this Plan will be relevant but the Plan will need to be revised in relation to specific objectives, actions and priorities. Acknowledgements The revised Plan was prepared primarily by Dr. Nigel Swarts (contracted through, DPIPWE) and Mark Wapstra, with input from the following people/organisations: Wendy Potts and Richard Schahinger (TSS) provided information on actions undertaken under the Plan and current population information; Phil Collier provided information on various orchid-related activities undertaken by the volunteer group Threatened Plants Tasmania (part of Tasmania’s Wildcare organisation); Anne Chuter and Tim Leaman (FPA) provided information on surveys undertaken on private and public land proposed for forestry activities; Veronica Tyquin (Forestry Tasmania) provided information on land use planning related to threatened orchids on State Forest; James Wood (RTBG, TSCC) provided information on actions related to the Millennium Seedbank Project. -
Australian Orchid Name Index (13/6/2008)
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID NAME INDEX (13/6/2008) by Mark A. Clements and David L. Jones Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research/Australian National Herbarium GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The Australian Orchid Name Index (AONI) provides the currently accepted scientific names, together with their synonyms, of all Australian orchids including those in external territories. The appropriate scientific name for each orchid taxon is based on data published in the scientific or historical literature, and/or from study of the relevant type specimens or illustrations and study of taxa as herbarium specimens, in the field or in the living state. Structure of the index: Genera and species are listed alphabetically. Accepted names for taxa are in bold, followed by the author(s), place and date of publication, details of the type(s), including where it is held and assessment of its status. The institution(s) where type specimen(s) are housed are recorded using the international codes for Herbaria (Appendix 1) as listed in Holmgren et al’s Index Herbariorum (1981) continuously updated, see [http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp]. Citation of authors follows Brummit & Powell (1992) Authors of Plant Names; for book abbreviations, the standard is Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edn. (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-88; supplements, 1992-2000); and periodicals are abbreviated according to B-P- H/S (Bridson, 1992) [http://www.ipni.org/index.html]. Synonyms are provided with relevant information on place of publication and details of the type(s). They are indented and listed in chronological order under the accepted taxon name.