13. Socio-Economic Impacts
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Greenpark Energy Ltd April 2010 13. Socio-Economic Impacts 13.1 Summary This chapter assessed the potential impacts of the proposed CBM gas development upon employment, financial investment and tourism at the Swynnerton site and the wider area. The proposed CBM gas development should lead to additional spend of wages into the local economy and opportunities for local accommodation providers and other local services to construction workers who do not live locally. This is considered to be a significant positive effect. Furthermore, the proposed CBM gas development offers potential opportunities for local people to be employed. This in turn may also generate additional expenditure in the local economy. This is considered to be a positive effect. Consequently, the overall socio-economic impact from the proposed CBM gas development at the Swynnerton site is assessed as positive and significant to the local area. The minimal loss of earnings from agriculture on the proposed site is outweighed by the income provided to the landowner. This is a positive effect associated with the development. Due to the scale of the development and lack of tourist attractions in the immediate vicinity of the site, the effect on tourism is considered neutral. 13.2 Introduction This chapter assesses the potential economic and social effects that may arise as a result of the site preparation, drilling, production, and restoration activities of the proposed CBM gas development at the Swynnerton site. 13.3 Relevant Legislation, Policies and Guidelines There is no specific legislation that relates to this chapter. However, the following guidelines have informed this assessment: Tyldesley, D. & Associates (2005). A Handbook on Environmental Impact Assessment. Guidance for Competent Authorities, Consultees and Others Involved in the EIA Process in Scotland. Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth. 13.4 Methodology Data Gathering Information was obtained from the following sources: Advantage West Midlands http://www.advantagewm.co.uk/ Countryside Commission (1998). Countryside Character Volume 2: North West. http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/landscape/englands/character/area s/northwest.aspx Communities and Local Government, Indices of Deprivation 2007 Swynnerton Environmental Statement 13-1 FINAL Greenpark Energy Ltd April 2010 http://www.communities.gov.uk/ Enjoy England www.enjoyengland.com Enjoy Staffordshire www.enjoystaffordshire.com Stafford Borough Council http://www.staffordbc.gov.uk Stafford Tourism bureau website www.visitstafford.org/ The Heart of England Tourism http://www.visittheheart.co.uk The Office for National Statistics, neighbourhood statistics website www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Visit Britain www.tourismtrade.org.uk Scope of Study This chapter examined the effects of the development associated with the following issues: effects on employment and the economy; effects on financial investment; and effects on tourism. Assessment Methodology There is no prescribed methodology or standard guidance for this aspect of an EIA. The method adopted is therefore one of determining the existing circumstances (the baseline) through desk based analysis. The potential effects of the proposed CBM gas development on this baseline were then assessed using knowledge gained from professional experience to assess the significance of the potential effects. Evaluation Criteria and Assessment of Significance Two criteria were used in the evaluation of the significance of the predicted effects of the proposed CBM gas development: the type of effect (i.e. positive, negative, neutral or unknown); and the magnitude of the effect – based upon the size of the proposed development and the number of people and/or businesses likely to be affected. In terms of employment, predicted effects would be: “significantly beneficial” where a new business is created as a result of the proposed development; “significant” where a new local employment opportunity is created; “adverse” where there is a reduction in the local workforce; or “neutral” where the overall number and quality of local beneficial and adverse impacts are the same. In terms of financial investment, predicted effects would be: Swynnerton Environmental Statement 13-2 FINAL Greenpark Energy Ltd April 2010 “positive” where new income is received which will contribute to the raising and diversification of local farm income and/or where there is an increase in expenditure in businesses in the local area; “negative” where there is a decrease in local farm income and/or local expenditure in businesses in the local area; or “neutral” where there is no net increase in farm income an/or expenditure in local businesses. In terms of tourism, predicted effects would be: “positive” where the proposed development attracts visitors to the local area; “negative” where the proposed development deters visitors to the local area; or “neutral” where there is no net change in visitors to the local area. The impact on tourism may potentially have wider effects on the local economy and employment. 13.5 Baseline Conditions Population The proposed site falls within the ward of Swynnerton which lies within Stafford Local Authority. According to the 2001 Census, Swynnerton has a total population of 4,233. This consisted of 2,081 males and 2,152 females. According to the 2001 Census, Swynnerton has a population density of 1.16 persons per hectare. Under the Office of National Statistics definition of rural areas of England and Wales, Swynnerton is described as ‘rural less sparse’. Employment and Economic Activity Table 13.1 highlights the age structure of Swynnerton and places this in the context of Stafford, the West Midlands and England. The population of Swynnerton has a slightly older age profile than that of Stafford, the West Midlands and England. Compared to the West Midland Region there are significantly fewer people aged 20- 34 and more people aged 50+ in Swynnerton. 13% of Swynnerton’s population is 20-34 compared to 20% for the West Midlands and England. Similarly 39% of Swynnerton’s population is aged 50+ compared to 33% for England as a whole. TABLE 13.1 – AGE STRUCTURE Age Group Swynnerton Stafford West Midlands England 0-15 19% 18% 21% 20% 16-19 4% 5% 5% 5% 20-34 13% 18% 20% 20% 35-49 24% 22% 21% 21% 50-59 17% 15% 13% 13% 60-64 7% 6% 5% 5% 65-74 9% 9% 9% 8% 75 and over 7% 8% 7% 8% Total 4,232 120,670 5,267,308 49,138,831 Source: The Office for National Statistics, 2001 Census Table 13.2 shows the economic activity of all persons aged 16-74 years in Swynnerton, Stafford, the West Midlands and England in the 2001 Census. Swynnerton Environmental Statement 13-3 FINAL Greenpark Energy Ltd April 2010 TABLE 13.2 – ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF PERSONS AGED 16-74 YEARS Swynnerton Stafford West Midlands England Employees 12% 13% 12% 12% Part-time Employees 41% 43% 40% 41% Full-time Self-employed 11% 9% 7% 8% Unemployed 2% 3% 4% 3% Full time 3% 3% 2% 3% students Economically Active Economically Total economically 69% 69% 66% 67% active Retired 17% 15% 14% 14% Student 3% 4% 5% 5% Looking after 5% 5% 7% 7% home/family Permanently 4% 4% 6% 5% sick/disabled Other 2% 2% 3% 3% Total Economically Inactive Economically economically 31% 31% 34% 33% inactive All people 3,159 88, 991 3,780,784 35,532,091 aged 16-74 Source: The Office for National Statistics, 2001 Census The economic activity off all people aged 16-74 in Swynnerton in the 2001 Census was 69%, above both the West Midlands at 66% and England at 67%. The percentage of Swynnerton’s persons aged 16-74 in employment (employee or self employed) was 65%, again above the West Midland’s rate at 60% and England at 61%. Self employment is more important in Swynnerton than nationally, with 11% of people in Swynnerton being self employed compared to 8% for England. There are also higher levels of retirement in Swynnerton than nationally, with 17% of people of working age population being retired compared to 14% nationally. Table 13.3 shows the industries of employment of all persons aged 16-74 in employment in the 2001 Census. TABLE 13.3 – INDUSTRY OF EMPLOYMENT OF ALL PERSONS AGED 16-74 IN EMPLOYMENT (EXCLUDING FULL TIME STUDENTS) Swynnerton Stafford West Midlands England Agriculture, hunting 3 2 2 1 and forestry Fishing 0 0 0 0 Mining and 0 0 0 0 quarrying Manufacturing 17 16 21 15 Electricity, gas and 1 1 1 1 water supply Construction 6 6 7 7 Wholesale and 16 16 17 17 retail trade, repairs Hotels and 5 5 5 5 restaurants Transport, storage and 6 6 6 7 communications Financial 4 3 3 5 intermediaries Real estate, renting 12 11 11 13 and business Swynnerton Environmental Statement 13-4 FINAL Greenpark Energy Ltd April 2010 TABLE 13.3 – INDUSTRY OF EMPLOYMENT OF ALL PERSONS AGED 16-74 IN EMPLOYMENT (EXCLUDING FULL TIME STUDENTS) Swynnerton Stafford West Midlands England activities Public administration and 5 9 5 6 defence, social security Education 11 9 8 8 Health & social 10 13 11 11 work Other 4 4 4 5 Total 2,120 58,761 2,334,567 22,441,498 Source: The Office for National Statistics, 2001 Census The above table demonstrates significant differences in the industries Swynnerton residents work in. There is an above average proportion of local people employed in manufacturing industry, with 17% of all persons aged 16-74 in employment In Swynnerton employed in manufacturing compared to 15% in England. However, this is lower than for the West Midlands where 21% of all persons aged 16-74 in employment are employed in manufacturing. There is also an above average number of people employed in education, with 11% of all persons aged 16-74 in employment in Swynnerton employed in education compared to 8% in both the West Midlands and England.