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Maquetación 1 Tribuna nº13, junio 2013 Norteamericana U.S. Immigration Hacia un nuevo El impacto de la Policy Debate, an modelo migratorio reforma migratoria investment in the en EE.UU. en la economía de future, or more por Secundino Valladares los Estados Unidos roadblocks ahead? por Eva Pareja por Clara del Villar Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios Norteamericanos “Benjamin Franklin” Las opiniones, referencias y estudios difundidos en cualquier publicación de las distintas líneas editoriales del Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios Norteamericanos “Benjamin Franklin” (Instituto Franklin-UAH) son responsabilidad exclusiva del autor colaborador que la firma. El Instituto Franklin no interfiere en el contenido ni las ideas expuestas por los referidos autores colaboradores de sus publicaciones. El Instituto Franklin (fundado originalmente como “Centro de Estudios Norteamericanos” en 1987) es un organismo propio de la Universidad de Alcalá que obtuvo el estatus de “Instituto Universitario de Investigación” en el 2001 (Decreto 15/2001 de 1 de febrero; BOCM 8 de febrero del 2001, nº 33, p. 10). Su naturaleza, composición y competencias se ajustan a lo dispuesto en los Estatutos de la Universidad de Alcalá de acuerdo al Capítulo IX: “De los Institutos Universitarios” (artículos del 89 al 103). El Instituto Franklin tiene como misión fundamental servir de plataforma comunicativa, cooperativa y de unión entre España y Norteamérica, con el objetivo de promover el conocimiento mutuo. El Instituto Franklin desarrolla su misión favoreciendo y potenciando la creación de grupos de investigadores en colaboración con distintas universidades norteamericanas; impartiendo docencia oficial de postgrado (másteres y doctorado en estudios norteamericanos); difundiendo el conocimiento sobre Norteamérica mediante distintas líneas editoriales; y organizando encuentros académicos, de temática inherente a la propia naturaleza del Instituto, tanto de carácter nacional como internacional. © Instituto Franklin-UAH. 2013 ISSN: 1889-6871 Depósito Legal: DL NA 992-2013 Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Impresión: Ulzama Digital S.L. Tribuna Norteamericana es una publicación del Instituto Franklin Universidad de Alcalá c/ Trinidad, 1 28801 Alcalá de Henares Madrid. España Tel: 91 885 52 52 - Fax: 91 885 52 48 www.institutofranklin.net Edita: Ulzama ediciones Editor de Tribuna Norteamericana: José Antonio Gurpegui Coordinadora editorial: Cristina Crespo Diseño e ilustración de portada: David Navarro Tribuna Norteamericana se distribuye gratuitamente entre sus suscriptores. Si desea recibir esta publicación, contacte con: [email protected] José Antonio Gurpegui EL EDITOR OPINA A finales del pasado mes de junio el Senado de los Estados Catedrático de Unidos aprobó la Ley de Reforma Migratoria. Como corresponde a Estudios las ocasiones memorables cada uno de los senadores votó desde su escaño y el resultado final fue de 68 a favor y 32 en contra. Todavía Norteamericanos falta el respaldo del Congreso de mayoría republicana (14 senadores republicanos apoyaron la reforma) donde ya se pronostican Editor de Tribuna enconados debates que pueden incluso prolongarse hasta el año que Norteamericana viene. El presidente Barack Obama es plenamente consciente que su reelección, como antes lo fue su elección, se debe en buena medida al apoyo de minorías étnicas como la hispana, que vienen reclamando esta reforma desde hace años. Si finalmente se aprueba la ley el presidente americano estará cumpliendo una promesa electoral por la que se legalizará la situación de unos 11 millones de “sin papeles” que viven en Estados Unidos. Pero al mismo tiempo también puede convertirse en la actuación política más importante de su presidencia. La aprobada reforma sanitaria durante la primera legislatura sufrió importantísimos recortes; la retirada de tropas de Oriente Medio, sin querer evocar a la de Vietnam, ha sido más por necesidad y presión pública que como resultado de la solución del conflicto; todo ello sin hablar de las filtraciones de los servicios secretos... El ejemplar de Tribuna Norteamericana que ahora presentamos analiza los puntos fundamentales de la reforma y estudia cuáles serán las consecuencias reales de las medidas que se adopten si finalmente, y como parece previsible, es aprobada por el Congreso. Clara del Villar, fundadora y editora jefe del Hispanic Post, ofrece la visión de quienes son los principales beneficiados, los hispanos, desde una perspectiva política. El profesor Secundino Valladares estudia los puntos más importantes del documento desde una perspectiva eminentemente social. Finalmente la periodista Eva Pareja analiza las consecuencias económicas de la reforma tanto para el estado como para los ciudadanos norteamericanos. J.A.G. 3 Tribuna Norteamericana / nº13, junio 2013 Senior Business Executive with a 26- year career in global capital markets, banking, investment management, business Clara del development and marketing strategy. Currently, she is Founder, CEO and Editor- Villar in-Chief of the Hispanic Post providing online business news, information, networking opportunity and services for the Hispanic business community. Previously, she worked as Vice President for Financial Compliance and She holds a BSFS from Mergers & Acquisition Integration projects Georgetown University at Nortel Networks, reporting to CEO Foreign Service School William A. Owens. She had a brief with a degree in assignment with the U.S. Treasury Technical International Finance/ Assistance Financial Markets Program in Commerce. Amman, Jordan, and worked for 14 years at Memberships include the Neuberger Berman/Lehman as a Senior Manhattan Institute, Rockefeller University Portfolio Manager. Women & Science, Living in Manhattan, she currently Spanish Institute, serves as director on the Executive Dominicans on Wall Committee of the Women's Health Street and America's Symposium in New York; the Advisory Board Society. of Sigma Capital Group on an advisory committee of the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE). She is a former Trustee of the Metropolitan College of New York, Women’s National Republican Club and Women’s Campaign Fund. 4 U.S. Immigration Policy Debate: An Investment in the Future, or More Roadblocks Ahead? / Clara del Villar U.S. Immigration Policy Debate AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUTURE or more roadblocks ahead? Clara del Villar hat d oes it mean to a new demographic citizenship or legalization. Republicans although giant –the Hispanic/Latino justified in pointing out border security concerns W and a line of existing legal immigrants seeking community? Hispanics in the United States are now 52 million strong and have become a citizenship, adopted harsher language and a meaningful population segment and a newly harder platform to make their point. That significant voting bloc. In the 2012 election, this wound up making certain they lost both important group participated in record numbers Hispanics and Asians. In the end, Obama won favoring Obama by broad margins and 71 and 74 percent of their vote respectively. The unexpectedly tilted the results in three key swing Hispanic turnout totaled 9 percent of voters states, Florida, Colorado and Virginia. nationwide, an increase from 6 percent just a In many parts of the country, dozen years ago. Hispanic/Latino groups independently organized By 2030, the eligible electoral vote of networks to coordinate voter registration and Hispanics will double what it is today. Of course, education efforts. There is no doubt that according to the National Opinion Research immigration was one of the most effective voter Center’s General Social Survey in 2010, it is mobilization issues driving the political activity. worth noting the growth of U.S. Hispanic voter After decades of wrestling with this unresolved participation was due primarily to the dilemma, Hispanics/Latinos and most population growth because Hispanics actually Americans expected a serious discussion on voted at far lower frequencies than other ethnic “illegal immigration” during the election in a way groups with only 52% of eligible Hispanics that reflected their humanitarian plight- participating in 2008 elections and 48% of impoverished people needing to leave their home Hispanics voting in 2012 versus an average country to seek a better life for themselves and participation of 78% of the US Population. families. In any case, American political cycles Even the terms “illegal immigrants” as remain broad in outreach and uniquely opposed to “undocumented residents”, signal a expensive in scale, the number of dollars spent stark difference in possible approaches – from on federal campaigns totaled $6 billion 1—this immediate deportation all the way to a path to includes $2.6 billion in the most expensive 1 2012 Analysis of Federal Election Commission data . Center for Responsive Politics, 2012. 5 Tribuna Norteamericana / nº13, junio 2013 The Hispanic electorate does expect action on employment opportunity and leadership on immigration legislative reform. presidential campaign in U.S. history. So will all these campaign dollars, groundbreaking Resolution of the Immigration support, community engagement and vote of issue is vital to improving confidence in this Administration see a return of investment in a still lackluster economy? economic opportunity for the Although most of the Hispanic population U.S. and for our Hispanic focuses on employment, economy and population healthcare as primary concerns, immigration policy has become a
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