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Dicladispa Armigera) P Roy, MM Uddin*, KS Islam, KR Das

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Dicladispa Armigera) P Roy, MM Uddin*, KS Islam, KR Das Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 64-72, 2017 ISSN: 1017 - 8139 Efficacy of different botanical and chemical insecticides against rice hispa (Dicladispa armigera) P Roy, MM Uddin*, KS Islam, KR Das Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh Abstract An experiment was carried out in the Entomology Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to determine the efficacy of six botanicals and four chemical insecticides for controlling rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera during the period of July to December 2013. In conducting the experiment BR11 rice variety was selected where ten treatments namely six botanicals such as Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Mixture of Neem and Mahogany oil, Bishkatali leaf extract, Pitraj leaf extract and Mixture of Bishkatali and Pitraj leaf extract and four chemical insecticides Sevin85SP, Advantage20EC, Cup50EC, Kinalux 25EC were laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Overall leaf infestation by rice hispa and infestation by adults and grubs separately were recorded at different time intervals. In addition to these, overall effect of pest infestation on the grain yield of rice was also examined. Among the six botanicals, Neem oil was most effective in controlling rice hispa, as overall leaf infestation was 21.20% and the infestation by adults and grubs were 14.43% and12.57%. On the other hand, among chemical insecticides, maximum efficacy was found under the treatment of Sevin 85SP where minimum leaf infestation was 9.22%, infestation by adults and grubs were 5.88% and 5.00% respectively. In case of yield, Sevin 85SP (4.62 ton/ha) showed the best efficacy in comparison to other treatments. Therefore, application of Sevin 85SP (3.46ml/L) and Neem oil (2ml/100ml) were examined as the best options in controlling rice hispa. So, it could be recommended to use Sevin 85 SP and Neem oil for the management of rice hispa. Key words: Efficacy, botanicals, chemical insecticides, rice, hispa Progressive Agriculturists. All rights reserved *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important live. This crop accounts for 35%–60% of the calories crops in the world, providing food for nearly half of the consumed by 3 billion Asians (Khush, 1997). global population (Khuhro, 1988; FAO, 2004). It is Rice is the staple food of about 135 million people of grown on over 145 million hectares in more than 110 Bangladesh. It provides nearly 48% of rural countries. It occupies one fifth of the world crop land employment, about two-third of total calorie supply under cereal (Pathak & Khan, 1994). It is used as a and about half of the total protein intakes of an average food for more than two billion people in developing person in the country. Rice sector contributes half of countries of Asia (FAO, 1995; Khush & Brar, 2002). the agricultural GDP and one-sixth of the national More than 90% of the world’s rice is grown and income in Bangladesh. Almost all of the 13 million consumed in Asia, where 60% of the earth’s people farm families of the country grow rice. Rice is grown 64 Efficacy of botanical and insecticides against rice hispa on about 10.5 million hectares which has remained problems such as disrupting natural enemy complexes, almost stable over the past three decades. About 75% secondary pest outbreak, pest resurgence, development of the total cropped area and over 80% of the total of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. irrigated area is planted to rice (BBS, 2010). It is In order to find alternatives to these harmful grown all the year round as Aus, Aman and Boro crop insecticides, many plant parts and plant extracts can be in our country. used effectively because they have insecticidal properties and biodegradable, hence environmentally Rice is infested by many insect pest species. So far, suitable. Therefore, it is now urgently needed to use above 175 species of insect has been recorded as rice safe and effective biodegradable pesticides with less pests (BRRI, 1985).The rice cultivation all over the toxic effects on non-target organisms. In Bangladesh world is more or less hindered by many major insects traditional botanical products for pest control are being pests, among them rice hispa (Dicladispa armigera, used by the farmers since long before. Among them, Olivier) commonly known as Pamri poka is now the Neem and Mahogany are proved to be unique drawing attention to a greater extent. Both grubs and source for numerous active ingredients of insecticidal adult beetles feed on rice plants. The adult hispa are properties. Ingredients of Neem affect insects in external feeders, adults scrap the epidermis of the various ways including repellent, antifeedant, toxic, leaves and produce whitish streaks. The adult beetle growth regulatory effects and effect on fecundity. feeds on the green portion of the leaf, leaving only the However, Neem-based products were proved as epidermal membranes. The feeding damage shows as medium to broad spectrum insecticides against various characteristic white streaks along the long axis of the field and store pests (Schmutterer, 1990). Under this leaf. Soon after hatching, the larvae mine into the leaf circumstance, the present research was condcuted with between the epidermal membranes, producing irregular Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Pitraj & Bishkatali leaf longitudinal white patches. The damage starts from the extracts and their mixtures as well as four chemical site of ovipositor near the leaf tip and extends towards insecticides. the base of the leaf blade. The affected leaves gradually wither and die. A single beetle can consume 6.2-54.5 Materials and Methods (av. 25.3) mm2 of leaf area/day (Rao et al., 1971). The experiment on the efficacy of selected Rice hispa is generally known to attack young rice botanicals and chemical insecticides against rice plants, but in epidemic situation it invades mature hispa (Dicladispa armigera) was carried out in the plants as well. Heavy infestations in outbreak-prone Entomology Field Laboratory of Bangladesh areas starts in December on the local Boro and Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during continues upto the following November on July to December 2013. BR-11 rice variety was used as transplanted Aman crops. Rice hispa causes host plant. The entire experimental field was divided considerable damage to vegetative stages of rice into 33 plots. Two adjacent unit plots were separated resulting in yield loss of upto 52% in deepwater rice, by 50 cm apart at both sides to facilitate different whereas it may be as high as 100% in the rice intercultural operations. Each experimental plot was transplanted post flood in Bangladesh (Hazarika & 4m². At first the land was ploughed with a power tiller Dutta 1991, Hazarika & Rajkhowa, 2004). and kept open to sunlight. The land was then gradually For the control of hispa, many methods have been ploughed and cross-ploughed several times with a adopted but insecticides are still playing a key role for power tiller to obtain good tilth. All weeds and stubbles its control. But non judicial and repeated application of were removed from the field during land preparation. insecticides at improper doses may causes several The unit plots were prepared with the application of 65 Roy et al. (2017), Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 64-72 cow dung at the rate of 15 ton/ ha. The phosphate Results and Discussion potassium and zinc fertilizers were applied in the Effects of botanicals and chemical insecticides on the experimental plots at the rate of 100, 70, 10kg /ha leaf infestation caused by rice hispa: All the tested respectively in the form of triple super phosphate, botanicals and chemical insecticides gave significantly muriate of potash and zinc sulphate respectively. The lower leaf infestation compared to the Control at 1st entire amount of TSP, MoP and zinc sulphate were spray. The minimum leaf infestation was recorded in broadcast and incorporated into the soil during final Sevin 85SP (6.86%) followed by Advantage 20EC land preparation. Urea used at the rate of 135 kg/ ha (12.87%) and the highest percent leaf infestation was in was applied as top dressing in three installments at 15, control (34.54%). Among rest of the treatments Neem 30 and 50 days. The plant spacing was followed as oil provided best performance showing 16.88% leaf 25×20 cm. All suitable agronomic practices were done infestation which was similar to Kinalux 25EC and for proper growth and development of the plants. The Cup 50EC. Among all the botanicals except Neem oil, field trial comprised ten treatments viz Neem oil, leaf infestation percentages were statistically similar. Mahogany oil, Mixture of Neem & Mahogany oil, At 2nd spray, the minimum leaf infestation was Bishkatali leaf extract, Pitraj leaf extract and lastly recorded in Sevin 85SP (10.98%) followed by Mixture of Bishkatali & Pitraj leaf extract and four Advantage 20 EC (18.97%), Cup 50 EC (21.65%), chemical insecticides namely Sevin 85SP, Advantage Kinalux 25 EC (22.91%), Mixture of Neem & 20EC, Cup50EC, Kinalux 25EC. Efficacy of the Mahogany oil (23.70% ) and the highest percent leaf insecticides and the botanicals were determined in the infestation was observed in control treatment (41.78%). field on the basis of percentage leaf infestation and In this case the effect of other botanicals was effect on the yield. A standard dose was selected for statistically similar. At 3rd spray, the lowest percent applying in the field. Six concentrations (2%, 2%, 2%, leaf infestation was determined in Sevin 85SP (9.84%) 10%, 20% and 10%) for botanicals and four (3.46ml, treated plots and the highest infestation was in control 2.96ml, 2.96ml, and 2.47ml) for chemical insecticides (39.87%) plots. Kinalux 25 EC was statistically were selected for each treatment.
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