Chesterfield Modernization Guide Chesterfield Home Modernization Guide November 2012

Prepared for: Chesterfield County, Virginia

Prepared by: Acknowledgements

Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors Chairman, Daniel A. Gecker - Midlothian District Vice-Chairman, Dorothy Jaeckle - Bermuda District James “Jim” Holland - Dale District Steve A. Elswick - Matoaca District Art Warren - Clover Hill District

Chesterfield County Sustain Our Communities Committee

Chesterfield County Department of Economic Development

Copyright © 2012 Chesterfield County and Frazier Associates. All right reserved. No part of this report, including text, photographs, illustrations, and cove design may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publishers. This document may be reproduced in whole or in part for use in matters related to the Home Modernization Guide project by Chesterfield County without prior written permission. Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Introduction ...... 1-2 Don’t Move, Improve ...... 1-3 What Can This Guide Do For You? ...... 1-3 How To Use This Guide ...... 1-3 What is Curb Appeal? ...... 1-4 Chapter 2: Going Green: Save Energy, Water and Money!

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle ...... 2-2 What Does It Mean to Be Green? ...... 2-2 Going Green Shopping Guide ...... 2-2 Recycling is Easy in Chesterfield ...... 2-3 Where is the Money Going? ...... 2-4 Home Energy Audit ...... 2-5 Where to Look for Air Leaks ...... 2-5 Fixing the Air Leaks You Found ...... 2-6 Benefits and Cost of Replacement ...... 2-7 Simple Ways to Reduce Energy Usage ...... 2-8 Average U. S. Household Water Usage ...... 2-11 Table of Contents

Chapter 3: Aging in Place

What is Aging in Place? ...... 3-2 What Can You Do? ...... 3-3 Chapter 4: Getting It Done: Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

Planning Your Project ...... 4-3 Where’s the Money? ...... 4-4 Do I Need a Permit? ...... 4-6 Working with Contractors ...... 4-10 Chapter 5: The Ranch

History of The Ranch ...... 5-2 Characteristics ...... 5-3 Creating Curb Appeal ...... 5-5 Adding On - Option 1 ...... 5-6 Adding On - Option 2 ...... 5-7 Adding On - Option 3 ...... 5-8 Table of Contents

Chapter 6: The Cape Cod

History of the Cape Cod ...... 6-3 Characteristics ...... 6-4 Creating Curb Appeal ...... 6-6 Adding On - Option 1 ...... 6-8 Adding On - Option 2 ...... 6-9 Adding On - Option 3 ...... 6-10 Chapter 7: The Split Level

History of the Split Level ...... 7-3 Characteristics ...... 7-4 Creating Curb Appeal ...... 7-6 Adding On - Option 1 ...... 7-8 Adding On - Option 2 ...... 7-9 Adding On - Option 3 ...... 7-10 Table of Contents

Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

History of the Colonial Revival ...... 8-3 Characteristics ...... 8-4 Creating Curb Appeal ...... 8-6 Adding On - Option 1 ...... 8-8 Adding On - Option 2 ...... 8-9 Adding On - Option 3 ...... 8-10 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

History of the Minimal Traditional ...... 9-3 Characteristics ...... 9-4 Creating Curb Appeal ...... 9-6 Adding On - Option 1 ...... 9-8 Adding On - Option 2 ...... 9-9 Adding On - Option 3 ...... 9-10 Table of Contents

Chapter 10: Making the Most of Your Site

Maintaining Your Yard ...... 10-3 Lawn Maintenance Checklist ...... 10-4 Tree and Shrub Maintenance ...... 10-4 Pruning Basics ...... 10-5 Get Inspired ...... 10-7 What Do You Want From Your Garden? ...... 10-7 Before You Go Any Further ...... 10-8 Consider These Green Ideas ...... 10-9 Be Water-wise in the Garden ...... 10-10 Start a Home Garden ...... 10-11 Typical Site Improvements ...... 10-11 A Cape Cod Site ...... 10-12 A Colonial Revival Site ...... 10-14 A Minimal Traditional Site ...... 10-16 A Ranch Site ...... 10-18 A Split Level Site ...... 10-20 Table of Contents

Appendices

Appendix A: Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance Appendix B: Online Resources Home Modernization Guide Getting Started 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started Introduction Chesterfield County is the largest municipality in the Richmond and Petersburg/Tri-Cities area and has a population of over 319,000. The County also has the largest number of housing units in the statistical area. Roughly 81% of the County’s over 123,000 Chesterfield Mid-Century housing units are single-family residences. Of those, approximately 34% were built before 1980 (from Ranch 46% 5-15-2012 comp plan draft). As these mid-century age, they are often in need of modernization to fit the requirements of 18% today’s families. This guide is focused on improving Colonial Revival the appearance and functionality of Chesterfield County’s older single-family homes. It provides tools that can be used by homeowners, prospective home Split-Level/Foyer 14% purchasers, real estate agents, and others. Many of the home styles illustrated in the following pages are found in subdivisions throughout the An early Chesterfield County suburb of Richmond, Bon Air 11% county. Often, these homes are located near made the transition from a resort to a full time residential suburb. Minimal Traditional major transportation routes, providing access to nearby shopping, entertainment, and employment destinations as well as downtown Richmond. Cape Cod 11%

The Ranch style is easily the most popular mid-century home style in Chesterfield County.

An advertisement for the Achievement Home touted “a living dream in a wonderful home designed for family living” that “prove that fine homes need not be overpriced!”

1-2 Chapter 1: Getting Started Don’t Move, Improve How To Use This Guide You have great neighbors, like the convenience of The Home Modernization Guide is organized in where you live, and have a well-built on a two ways. Individual chapters take a look at the generous lot, maybe even with mature trees and most popular styles found in Chesterfield County: LOOK FOR THESE HELPFUL TIP shrubs… So, why move – when you can improve. Ranch, Colonial Revival, Cape Cod, Split Level, SYMBOLS IN THE GUIDE Like most homeowners, there are probably some and Minimal Traditional; their distinguishing stylistic aspects of your home you’d like to change. If those characteristics, suggestions for exterior enhancements, things include opening up the plan, increasing and typical additions or plan modifications to update Green/Energy Efficiency the size and/or functionality of your , the them for 21st century living. need for more or , or a , For enhancements that are applicable to any style Water Efficiency this is the guide for you. Maintenance issues and of house, the chapters are arranged by subject and leaky windows and , that’s covered too. include: Making the Most of Your Yard, Ways Reduce/Reuse/Recycle to Go Green, Aging in Place (or At Home) and Project Planning: Permits, Financing and Working What Can This Guide Do For You? UD Universal Design with Contractors. The Appendices contain valuable Think of it as an owner’s manual for your mid- resources and reference material including a series of century home. It may help you: STOP Check with Planning Dept. checklists for seasonal maintenance. 6 Improve the curb appeal of your house and yard 6 Increase the efficiency of your property’s use of energy and water Link to publication These symbols highlight useful tips for your property. 6 Stay in your house as you age by incorporating online:______@chesterfield. universal design (handicap accessibility) ideas gov and ______@ chesterfieldbusiness.com 6 Plan for new plantings to enhance your property 6 Look at considerations for an addition 6 Choose a contractor and guide you through the project planning process 6 Locate possible financial assistance your project 6 Maintain your home and site.

1-3 Chapter 1: Getting Started What Is Curb Appeal? You only have one chance to make a first impression. Maybe it’s been a while since you’ve looked at your house like a perspective homebuyer might. Whether you’re looking to stay in your house or not, there are numerous low, medium, and higher cost options to refresh the exterior appearance of your home. The next five chapters show makeovers of mid-century houses in the county that fit any budget. You can start small and build upon the previous improvements as financial resources become available. Among the possible improvements are:

$ $$ 6 Add new shutters, trim 6 Painting front , polishing or replacing hardware, new mailbox, lights, house numbers 6 Add arbor or fence 6 Install new storm door 6 Add new planting bed 6 Install new mailbox at street 6 Replace gutters/downspouts 6 Add container plants 6 Stain steps/stoop 6 Refreshed planting beds, add plants 6 Upgrade or add railings and posts 6 Paint existing shutters 6 Enhance outdoor 6 Add boxes

$$$ $$$$

6 Add covered entry/ 6 Replace siding/trim, repaint 6 Repair/resurface driveway 6 Add front 6 Add or change walkway 6 Increase size of window openings 6 Install new windows 6 Add dormers 6 Replace

1-4 Chapter 1: Getting Started

ORIGINAL RANCH COLONIAL Chesterfield County ranch style house is shown here as originally constructed. It’s low-pitched roof A Colonial Revival curb appeal makeover can make the same house appear taller. Changes include and windows that are wider than they are tall contribute to an appearance of the house being low to traditional small-paned windows and trim details that lengthen the windows’ appearance. Louvered the ground. shutters and a pedimented entry portico complete the transformation.

MODERN CRAFTSMAN Similar to a style in one of Chesterfield County’s mid-century neighborhoods, this version of the curb The Craftsman style, popular in the early twentieth century, sought to communicate a feeling of artisianal appeal makeover updates modern to the twenty-first century definition. Vertical pane divisions in the or handmade elements. A hallmark of the style is the use of windows in which the upper portion has windows, a metal roof, and a mod front porch and created by lifting the roof slightly, thoroughly vertical division and the lower portion is a single pane as shown here. Paneled shutters with cutouts, an modernize this ranch. entry portico with exposed rafters, square for the portico and carport, and the paneled front door all contribute to the “craftsman” feeling.

1-5 Home Modernization Guide Going Green 2 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Going Green Shopping Guide SUSTAINABILITY – WHAT A CONCEPT! Whether you’re cutting down on the electricity your When possible, use the checklist below, to guide your Sustainability means considering whether household uses, the amount of water it consumes, or purchasing decisions. products are made from renewable raw the amount of trash it generates, you are reducing 1. Keep it local materials and the amount of energy used the natural resources used to support your day-to-day to manufacturer and transport them to a activities. There are simple projects you can complete 6 Help reduce the energy consumed in store near you. The goal of sustainability is around your house that will help reduce the energy transportation to provide what we need for living today and water you use and lower your utility bills. And 6 Contribute to local economy without compromising what is available to when the time comes to sell your “green” house, 2. Look for previously owned products rather than you may be able to ask a higher price if it is more future generations. buying new. Donate or recycle products for which energy efficient than your neighbors’ properties. you no longer have a need. By buying locally made products and By reusing everyday items such as shopping bags 3. Choose quality products that hiring local contractors to repair rather and cups and repairing broken items rather than than replace items, you are helping the throwing them away, you’re saving money and 6 Will last longer and reduce the need to replace environment and keeping your money in additional products do not need to be manufactured. the Chesterfield area. Buying quality products that have replaceable parts 6 Work better and need less maintenance and means less waste. new parts By recycling, you keep valuable resources out of the 4. Select products that landfill and save a portion of the energy used to 6 Are energy efficient create new products from raw materials. Your paper, plastic, glass, and metal, are cleaned and processed 6 Take advantage of natural sources of energy to turn them back into useable goods. 5. Buy new materials that are 6 Have recycled content What Does it Mean to be Green? 6 Locally grown or manufactured (see #5) Being green is about considering the impact you 6 Non-toxic have on the environment. In addition to reducing, reusing, and recycling choosing natural products and 6 Clean, non-polluting materials can have health benefits. 6 Renewable 6 Abundant 6 Durable (see #3) 6 Natural

2-2 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Recycling is Easy In Chesterfield! Did you know that in 1960 the average U. S. resident produced less than RECYCLING WIZARD three pound of garbage per day? By 2008, that figure had jumped to 4.5 Visit the recycling wizard on the Central Virginia Waste Management pounds per person per day. Authority (CVWMA) website for more information on what you 6 2/3rds of this garbage ends up in landfills can recycle where. 6 About 31% of all garbage produced consists of containers and packaging http://cvwma.com/recycling _ wizard.wbp 6 Most of our garbage can either be composted or recycled

For a small annual fee, the County provides a collection bin into which you can deposit unsorted recyclables as listed below. A biweekly collection by Central Virginia Waste Management Authority takes care of the rest. Drop-off recycling is available at one of two Chesterfield County Convenience Centers: Southern: 6700 Landfill Drive Northern: 3200 Warbro Road

2-3 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Where is the Money Going? Like most Americans, you probably live in a house that has air leaks. The air that you pay to heat and cool is finding its way out through the roof, the , the floor, gaps around doors, and through windows. To keep more of that comfortable air inside, there are a number of simple and inexpensive steps you can take as shown below.

The Richmond Region Energy Alliance is a non- profit local source for home energy efficiency upgrades. They can help you identify qualified contractors to conduct a home energy assessment/audit and access rebates and financing for any necessary improvements. http://rrea-va.org/

As hot air rises, it can leak from heated/cooled (conditioned) areas of your home such as cavities, duct registers, hatches, recessed lights, plumb vent stacks and dropped soffits. It also escapes through windows, doors, the roof, and floors. The inset graphic shows the envelope - the portion of your house that you are paying to heat and cool. On the next pages, are several ways to improve the amount of conditioned air that stays within the building envelope.

2-4 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Home Energy Audit Where to Look for Air Leaks Professional home energy audits are available and Once you’ve sealed your house following “How To aren’t too expensive, with an average cost of between Find Leaks” check these locations for the infiltration WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIND LEAKS $250-350. They will most often include a blower of cool air from outside. A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and door test and a thermographic scan and may also 1. Holes in walls for pipes Insulating at www.energystar.gov/index. include an assessment of your past utility bills. 2. Areas that house flues or ducts cfm?c=diy.diy _ index The online resources listed on this page can also guide you through conducting your own. The 3. Gaps around the at the roof Home Energy Yardstick can help you analyze 4. Recessed lights between heated and unheated your annual utility expenditures. By following the spaces recommendations for ways to fix leaks and you can http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/energy_ 5. Inside cupboards and start reaping the benefits of a more efficient home. audits/ 6. Electrical outlets and switch plates https://www.energystar.gov/index. 7. Window frames and base boards cfm?fuseaction=HOME_ENERGY_ YARDSTICK.showGetStarted 8. Windows and doors 9. Attic hatches and fans 10. Window air-conditioning units

A blower door test in progress pulls air out of Thermal imaging shows where colder air is infiltrating Crawlspace insulation: Attic insulation a house to create a negative air pressure and a . t Batts between joists t Blown in cellulose insulation to 18” then reveal where air is leaking into the interior. t Rigid insulation on walls t Foam insulation at the junction of the rafters t Foam insulation to seal joints and cracks and floor joists at the eaves t Plastic on dirt floor to keep moisture out 2-5 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Fixing the Air Leaks You Found Now that you’ve found where your house is leaking, EXISTING WINDOW FIXES here’s how to fix several of the most common issues: SASH LOCK Use to increase the seal between the upper and INCREASE YOUR INSULATION AND SAVE 20-30% ON HEATING AND COOLING lower sash and reduce air leakage.

Add insulation in walls, , , and INTERIOR OR EXTERIOR crawlspaces. The higher the R-value listed on the STORM WINDOWS product, the more energy savings. Recommended Use with your existing windows rather than ranges for the R-value of insulation in replacing your windows. Storm windows can Chesterfield County are: reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 30%. 6 Attic: 38-60 HIRE A LOCAL CONTRACTOR 6 Wall Cavity: 19-21 To fix existing windows and keep the money in 6 Floor: 19-38 Caulking to seal air leaks. 6 Wall: 13-19 Chesterfield County. 6 Crawl Space Wall: 19-30 Department of Energy’s Insulation Fact Sheet CAULKING AND WEATHERSTRIPPING CAN SAVE www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/insulation/ins_07.html 5-30% OF YOUR ENERGY COSTS 1. Weatherstrip between doors and windows and their frames to prevent drafts and air leaks. You may increase the efficiency of your window by up to 50%. MYTH: Replacing old windows with new double 2. Use rubber gaskets behind outlets and switch glazed windows will result in enormous savings plates on exterior walls. as windows and doors are the primary source of home air leakage.

TRUTH: Only 15% of air leakage is through windows. An existing single-glazed window with a storm window provides roughly the same sealing as a new double-glazed window and costs a lot less.

2-6 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money! Benefits and Cost of Replacement Windows After you’ve insulated, weatherstripped, and fixed other identified leaks in your WHAT TO LOOK FOR house you should be feeling the benefits – both in the increased comfort of 6 Pick replacement windows that have a low-e coating. This means that the your house and when you pay your energy bills. glass is coated with thin layers of metal that reflect heat from the Although adding storm windows and weatherstripping existing windows should outside in the summer and help heat your home in the winter. take care of most of the air leaks, sometimes there are other reasons to 6 Look for windows that have two layers of glass with an inert gas- or air- purchase replacement windows for your house. filled gap between the glass that acts as insulation.

BENEFITS 6 A standard double-pane window still allows 75% of the sun’s heat into your home. EnergyStar windows reduce heat gain with improved materials and 1. Energy Efficiency insulating properties, keeping you cooler in the summer and warmer in the EnergyStar windows can save Chesterfield homeowners an average of $446 winter. dollars in utility bills when replacing the house’s single-paned windows. 6 Choose windows with warm edge spacers – the spacers between the two (According to the EnergyStar website) panes of glass are typically aluminum. Look for steel, foam, or fiberglass to 2. Maintenance further reduce heat transfer. Many replacement window options are constructed of weather-resistant 6 Windows are rated by U-factor: look for units with a rating of .30 or less materials reducing or eliminating the need to paint! Options for tilt-in and for maximum energy efficiency. rotating windows simplify window cleaning. COST 3. Change in Design The price range for a standard 30” by 48” vinyl window is usually between $150 Update the look of your house by changing the number or orientation of and $500 depending on features, with an additional cost for installation. the panes without changing the size of the opening. 1. Sash Replacement 4. Reduce Noise Pollution The most cost effective option, this requires that the frame is in good The thicker the glass and the more between panes, the quieter your condition, and involves just the replacement of the operable part of the house will be. window, leaving the original frame visible. 2. Panning of Frame FINDING A NEW HOME FOR YOUR OLD WINDOWS To get the look of a completely new window without the demolition involved Check with local architectural salvage companies or the Richmond in a complete tear-out, the operable part of window is removed, but the Metropolitan Habitat for Humanity ReStore for their guidelines on frame is kept and covered with a material to match the new window. donations of salvaged windows and other building materials. 3. Complete Tear-out www.richmondhabitat.org/restore.html With this option the window, frame, and sash are removed. Because it involves disturbing walls, it has the highest associated cost.

2-7 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money!

Simple Ways to Reduce Energy Usage Other Refrigeration 8% WHAT YOU DO OUTSIDE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE INSIDE 8%

Almost every choice you can make about the exterior of your house now Appliances has a green option. These suggestions can help cut down on summer 9% cooling costs: Space Heating Computers 31% 6 Consider reflective roof materials to reduce heat gain and Electronics 9% 6 Pick light colors for painted exterior walls

6 Add trees or a porch to shade the house in summer Lighting 11% LIGHTING Water Space 6 Turn off lights when not in use. This can cut 10% of Heating Cooling 12% 12% your electricity costs. 6 Replace the most frequently used bulbs with compact florescent lights (CFL). Although they cost more, each light lasts 10 times longer than an incandescent bulb and can save you $30 in electricity over its lifetime. Breakdown of typical household energy use.

COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS 6 Set your computer to power down or “sleep” after 20 minutes of inactivity. MYTH: 6 Plug electronic devices, appliances with an adaptor, Money can be saved by not turning florescent lights on and off. and lights into a power strip that can be switched off when not in use. TRUTH: 6 Many home electronics and appliances use electricity when they are Little energy is used to turn florescent lights on and they turned off (phantom load), accounting for up to 40% of all household should be turned off if not needed. electricity usage.

TO FIND OUT YOUR CURRENT ENERGY USAGE www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=HOME_ENERGY_ YARDSTICK.showGetStarted

2-8 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money!

APPLIANCES MYTH: COST Replace your refrigerator with an ENERGY STAR Warm water rinsing of clothes and dishes is more effective than $$$ rated unit if it was built prior to 1990. Those built cold water. before 1990 use two to three times more energy than new models. TRUTH: Replace dishwashers and clothes washers built before Clothes and dishes get just as clean with a cold water rinse $$-$$$ and you can save $60 a year! 1994 with ENERGY STAR models. A new clothes washer can save more than $100 in electricity annually and 20 gallons of water for each load.

$$ Consider an ENERGY STAR-rated replacement if your water heater is over 7 years old.

An insulating blanket for your water heater can pay for itself $ in one year. New ones don’t need them.

$0 Dry clothes on a clothesline.

Run the dishwasher, clothes washer, and dryer only when $0 full and use the energy-saving setting.

Set your hot water heater to 120 degrees. Each 10 degree SAVE reduction saves 3-5% in energy costs.

SAVE Have a second refrigerator? Unplug it and save $150 a year.

Use the EnergyGuide label to help in comparison shopping between different models of new appliances. The further to the left the triangle is, the less energy the appliance uses.

2-9 Chapter 2: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Save Energy, Water and Money!

fixtures insulation ceiling fan HEATING AND COOLING

COST computers and If you need to replace your heating system, choose the highest home electronics $$$ efficiency model you can afford. New units are more efficient so make sure you don’t get a larger unit than you need. outdoor Install a ceiling fan to make a room seem 5% cooler. lighting $-$$ Look for ceiling fan/light combinations with the EnergyStar label. They are up to 50% more energy efficient than older models. $ Properly seal ducts, especially those in unheated or uncooled spaces. Leaks in ducts can significantly reduce windows kitchen appliances blinds washer/ water HVAC system efficiency. dryer heater

$ Use a programmable thermostat. Programmed for maximum The graphic above shows a number of areas in your house where you can make energy and energy savings, these devices can reduce heating and cooling water efficiency upgrades. costs by 10%. Winter - set to 68 degrees when you are home, lower at night and 55 degrees if you are away for more than 4 hours. Summer – set to 78 degrees when you are home and 85 MYTH: degrees when you are away for 4 hours or more. Turning down the thermostat at night and when you are gone results in higher costs from the need to reheat the house. Close your damper when not in use to prevent air SAVE Running the air conditioning all the time is more efficient than leakage. An exception to this is in the spring, when your shutting it off until needed. damper can be used to ventilate your house without the need for air-conditioning. TRUTH: SAVE Close curtains and blinds on the southwest side of the house Unless you use a heat pump, you will save money by turning the to prevent heat gain and reduce cooling bills in the summer. heat down when it is not needed. You save energy by not running the air conditioner. SAVE Open blinds and curtains on the south side of your house to let the sun provide no-cost heat and reduce heating bills.

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Average U.S. Household Water Usage CONSERVE WATER

The average U.S. household uses 146,000 gallons of water per year. COST Replace your old with a new, low-flow model. $$ New showerheads and faucets can also help conserve water. WATER EFFICIENCY - WHAT TO DO FIRST? The most cost efficient options are eliminating leaks in toilets and replacing $ Fix leaks in hoses, faucets, and couplings. toilets that are not low-flow models. $ Check your toilet for leaks. A leaky toilet can waste 100 gallons WATER - INDOORS AND OUTDOORS of water a day. To test, add a little food coloring to the toilet Try the water leakage test tank. If you begin to see color in the bowl without flushing, you have a leak and need to adjust or replace the flush valve. 6 Shut off all water fixtures in the house. $ Install low-flow showerheads and faucet aerators. These 6 Read the meter at the street. modifications can save 25-60% of your water consumption in 6 Check the meter after 20 minutes. these locations and the energy cost of heating that water. 6 House is leak-free if meter has not moved. $ Fix leaky faucets. A slow drip can waste almost 50 gallons of water a week. WATERSENSE SAVE Reduce the amount of water your toilet uses per flush. Add Look for this label when buying a new faucet and you may save enough water two plastic bottles weighted with water and pebbles to your annually to do 14 loads of laundry. toilet tank as a temporary fix until you can afford a new low- flow model. Flushed Down the Toilet 26.7% SAVE Take shorter showers. Each extra minute in the shower uses 5-10 gallons of water. Used for Laundry 21.7% SAVE Turn off the water when you brush your teeth, clean vegetables, wash dishes. SAVE Use a broom, rather than a hose, to clean paved surfaces. Used for Showers 16.8%

Used for Faucets15.7%

Lost in Leaks 13.7% WATERSENSE 5.4% A breakdown of how the average Visit their website at www.epa.gov/watersense to U. S. family of four uses 400 calculate how you can save even more! Other gallons of water per day. 2-11 Home Modernization Guide Aging In Place 3 Chapter 3: Aging in Place What is Aging in Place? AARP Aging in place is also called universal design. As it relates to design and The American Association of Retired Persons, construction, it combines ease of use for all ages and ability levels with safety AARP, website offers more detailed information for all occupants. With a little advance planning, the ideas in this chapter on retrofits to your home. can be incorporated seamlessly and invisibly into a remodeling project or new http://www.aarp.org/home-family/home- addition. improvement/ Many of these suggestions are low in cost but can make a tremendous difference if you become temporarily or permanently disabled or wish to stay in your home NAHB - CAPS as you age. The National Association of Homebuilders The baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1964, account for almost 27% of maintains a list of certified aging-in-place the population of the United States - 77 million people. As they age, many will specialists (CAPS). This program was develop functional limitations, some severe. By the time the average American developed in conjunction with AARP and is 75 years old, there is a greater than 50% chance that they will have a others. functional limitation, and a 20% chance that their limitation will be severe. www.nahb.org/caps Eighty-five percent of seniors want to age in place, but 90% of their houses will not allow them to remain at home as they develop functional limitations. By making improvements now, we can create lifetime homes that can age with their owners and have features that will help the house sell when the time comes.

This bathroom view shows how an accessible sink, grab bars, and a shower with a wide door and a fold-down seat can be easily incorporated into a universal design.

3-2 Chapter 3: Aging in Place What You Can Do FLOOR PLAN If you’re remodeling, plan ahead and update your floor plan! OUTSIDE 6 REMOVE any existing steps between on the same level. Spend less time maintaining the yard and exterior of the house! 6 LOCATE a and full bathroom on the main living level. 6 Plant low-maintenance shrubs and trees. Many plants are offered in dwarf 6 LEAVE varieties that will grow more slowly and mature at a small size, therefore, a 5’0” turn space in the main living area, kitchen, and at least reducing the need to prune frequently. one bedroom and bathroom. 6 PROVIDE 6 Trim plantings for an unobstructed view from inside the house. a at least 3’0” wide, 4’0” is even better. 6 CONSIDER 6 Leave brick unpainted. Natural brick surfaces are low-maintenance. an addition with universal design features that can serve as a children’s playroom, home office, room for caregiver or be easily 6 Install low-maintenance siding. Many options are available including fiber- converted for an aging parent. cement, vinyl, and metal. Compare warranties and recycled content. 6 Provide a step-free, 3’0” wide entrance from the walkway, driveway, decks, LEGEND and spaces into the main level of the house. 5’-0” turning radius 6 Repair any uneven pathways by filling holes and resetting loose bricks. hallways and doorways CARPORT/GARAGE at least 3’0” wide Don’t add on without looking at these considerations! 6 Consider a sloped pad/floor to eliminate the need for a ramp. 6 Ensure that the height and width can accommodate a lift and raised roof van.

ENTRY It’s easy to make the transition from outside to inside accessible and safe! 6 INSTALL a sensor light at the entry. 6 LOCATE the doorbell at an accessible level. 6 ADD both high and low peepholes for safety. 6 INCLUDE a bench to put packages on while opening the door. 6 INSTALL handrails on both sides of any steps leading to your door. Simple modifications such as increased doorway width and planning for a 5’0” turning radius in major 6 CONSIDER a beveled no-trip threshold in a contrasting color rooms will increase the functionality of your house should a family member experience decreased mobility. This diagram shows an appropriate turning radius at the front door, in the kitchen, and in the new accessible bathroom as denoted by the burgundy circles.

3-3 Chapter 3: Aging in Place

INTERIOR OPENINGS 6 REPLACE your current doorknob with a lever handle design. Lever DID YOU KNOW? handles are easier to grip than traditional doorknobs 55% of all fall injuries among those 65 and older occur in 6 PLACE new windows so that sill height is lower for ease of operation. the home, another 23% outside, near the house. Source: AARP STAIRWAYS, LIFTS, A simple injury can make some of these improvements necessary. 6 Incorporate handrails on both sides of the stairways. 6 Ensure that there is adequate stairway lighting. 6 Consider use of contrasting colors on treads and risers and for top and bottom steps. MAKE YOUR OWN HOME EMERGENCY EXIT PLAN 6 New stairways should be at least 4’ wide to accommodate a future lift. The ReadyAmerica website of the Federal Emergency ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING & HVAC Management Administration (FEMA) provides a number of Update wiring and switches and bring your house into the 21st century! readiness publications available for download including how to develop an emergency exit plan. 6 Open window coverings during the day for better lighting http://www.ready.gov/emergency-planning-checklists 6 Place wall switches no higher than 48” from the floor. Raise receptacles to between 18” and 24” from the floor. 6 Replace conventional light switches with rocker, touch, or motion sensor switches mounted 42” – 48” above the floor. 6 Wire the house for intercom, security, and computers. 6 Place HVAC equipment so that filters are easily accessible.

APPLIANCES Raise front-loading major appliances such as dishwashers and clothes washers and dryers on platforms.

3-4 Chapter 3: Aging in Place

FLOORING SURFACES 6 Consider a toilet with a seat height of 17” to 19”. The toilet should be Test how safe your floors are by walking through your house at night, placed at least 18” on center from any wall, tub, or . without the lights on. 6 Use easy-glide drawers that close automatically and lever handles rather 6 Use slip-resistant, glare-free, smooth surfaces throughout house. than knobs on cabinets. 6 Choose low-pile carpet with firm padding for carpeted areas. 6 Provide bright light with no glare. 6 Indicate a change in surface levels with a color or texture contrast. 6 Use flooring that is non-skid, especially when wet. 6 Secure small area rugs using double-sided tape. 6 Mount towel bars, soap dishes, etc. 48” off of the floor.

BATHROOM KITCHEN Most slips and falls occur in the bathroom. 6 Ensure that there is good lighting over the sink, stove, and work areas. 6 Increase the width of your bathroom door to 36” or replace a swinging 6 Vary the heights of countertops to accommodate children, adults, and door with a pocket door. seated cooks. 6 Install contrasting banding on countertops to define the edge and round 6 Install contrasting banding on countertops to define edge. the edges. 6 Use “C” or “D” shaped handles or pulls rather than knobs. They are 6 Use a curb-free shower pan for barrier-free shower access with a easier for small or arthritic hands to operate. minimum opening of 3’0.” Add a fold-down seat or built-in bench/shelf. 6 Consider the placement of appliances for universal access. Elevating the Preferred dimension for shower is 5’0” by 4”0”. dishwasher and using refrigerator drawers are two options. 6 Place a non-skid mat on the tub or shower floor. 6 Choose appliances that have easily readable and accessible controls. 6 Choose an adjustable height showerhead. Pick fixtures with anti-scald/ 6 For wheelchair access, incorporate open space under the sink, a prep pressure-balanced features. area, and the cooktop. 6 Mount shower controls so that they can be easily reached from outside 6 Replace your current faucet with a pressure-balanced, anti-scald model. the enclosure. 6 Choose base cabinets with pull-out trays, turntables, and open shelving. 6 Incorporate grab bars into the design or allow for their later placement. 6 Pick faucets with lever handles or pedal controls and anti-scald/ pressure- 6 Vary the height of vanities to accommodate those shorter or taller than balanced features. average. 6 Mount an ABC-rated fire extinguisher in an accessible location near the 6 Place sink near the front edge for easier access, especially from a seated stove. position. 6 Invest in a sturdy step-stool with non-slip steps and handrails 6 Pick faucets with lever handles or pedal controls and those that have an 6 Invest in a side-by-side refrigerator so everyone in the house has access to anti-scald feature. both compartments. 6 Choose a wall-hung sink with a slanted panel to hide pipes.

3-5 Home Modernization Guide Getting It Done 4 Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors Chapter 1: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors Planning Your Project Advance planning can save both money and time once your project gets underway. Depending upon how To find an architect that fits your project: involved your project is, there are a numbers of resources available. http://architectfinder.aia.org/

The National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) suggests the following sources for ideas when planning To find a certified kitchen or bath a project: designer, tips, and inspiration: 6 TV shows http://www.nkba.org/ 6 Websites, books, magazines 6 Friends and family 6 Remodeling professionals 6 Manufacturers and suppliers 6 Walking/driving around your neighborhood and others that you like

1. HAVE A PLAN. The NAHB has many useful pages and links on their website and you can sign up for their free Write down everything your project includes - be e-newsletter for homeowners at http://www.nahb.org specific. Design professionals (see links above) can If you are thinking about an addition, you may want to consider consulting an architect (AIA) to help you help you with this task. expand your living space in a creative and environmentally sensitive way. Those with special training in green building practices have LEED after their names. 2. CONSIDER WHAT PROJECTS ARE POPULAR AND WHY. Architects can also help you with specifications for your project. This means helping you to pick out Throughout the United States, the most popular (specify) all the materials at the beginning rather than selecting them as you go or having your contractor exterior projects are the replacement of siding, doors making the design decisions for you because he didn’t have enough guidance. and windows. These relatively low-cost projects give Kitchen and bath designers can be valuable resources if your project includes either of these rooms. Those your house an almost instant makeover, increasing designers with the most training have either CKD (kitchen) or CBD (bath) certification. its curb appeal. Inside, kitchen remodeling projects are always popular. So are finishing off unused space, especially if you are fortunate enough to have an attic in which you can add a bedroom and bathroom without the cost of an addition.

4-3 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

Where’s the Money?

3. IDENTIFY POSSIBLE PROJECT can’t write off the expenses of a remodeling project fixed-rate loans that FHA insures against the risk of FUNDING SOURCES. paid for in cash. Crunch the numbers and meet default. Loans must be made by an approved Title I with a financial advisor to determine whether paying lender. There are a variety of private lending sources, in cash will really pay off in the long run. government funded programs, and even a partial The 203(k) program is not as well known, but if Chesterfield County real estate tax abatement. To you are looking to purchase a fixer-upper, it is a find out more, go to the link below: terrific opportunity. It allows homeowners to receive www.chesterfield.gov: Then click Government, County a single, long-term, fixed or adjustable rate loan Departments, Real Estate Assessments, Tax Assistance that covers both the acquisition and rehabilitation and Exemption Programs, Rehabilitation of of the property. To obtain a loan under the 203(k) Residential Properties program, you must use an FHA-approved lending institution. Most mortgage lenders are approved to One of the most important considerations for any make loans through this program. Both energy project is financing. The simplest efficiency and solar energy improvements may be method of financing, of course, is cash. Otherwise, eligible for financing under this program. you’ll want to check with local banks, credit unions, and your current lender to see what types of loans CONVENTIONAL REHABILITATION LOANS Energy Efficient Mortgages help homebuyers or they offer. The most common financing options Rehabilitation loans are available for prospective homeowners intending to refinance, options to are a rehabilitation loan, home improvement loan, homebuyers that want to use one loan to purchase finance the cost of adding energy efficient features a home equity line of credit, a home equity loan and fix up an existing property. The paperwork for into their mortgage. The program requires a (second mortgage), and a cash-out refinancing of your this type of loan takes much longer to complete Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) report that current mortgage. than a conventional home loan but if you are documents what upgrades are cost-effective – that is, willing to wait you can often secure a lower interest they will save more money over their lifecycle than CASH rate and more affordable closing costs. The first step they cost to install. The philosophy of this program If you have cash in savings to pay for your is to check with local lenders to see if they offer is that the energy efficiency upgrades reduce monthly remodeling project, this may be the best way to rehabilitation loans, find out if you qualify, and the energy bills, therefore, reducing the overall cost of finance your home improvements. But be sure to requirements that need to be met. home ownership for the qualified applicant. consider the fact that, by paying in cash, you tie up money that could be earning interest in other HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS/MORTGAGES investments. In other words, you need to look at the Three special loans administered through the Federal interest rate that you would be charged by financing Housing Administration (FHA) are the Title I, the project and compare this to the interest you Section 203(k), and the Energy Efficient Mortgage could earn by investing these funds. programs. A Title I loan allows you to borrow up to $25,000 for alterations, repairs, and site Also, remember that interest payments on a home improvements to a single-family home. These are improvement loan may be tax-deductible, while you 4-4 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

HOME EQUITY LINE OF CREDIT PROJECT: HOMES HOME EQUITY LOANS AND LINES OF CREDIT A home equity line of credit is a form of revolving Local assistance for critical home repairs Using these methods, you are borrowing against credit in which your home serves as collateral. This and improvements may be available for low- the equity in your house. It is best not to borrow allows you to tap into these funds whenever you need income seniors, disabled residents, and qualified more than seventy-five percent of the home’s value it. The credit line is usually set at 75 to 80 percent homeowners in Chesterfield County. It is the goal minus what you owe on the mortgage. of the appraised value of your home minus the of Project:HOMES to improve a person’s living and balance of the first mortgage. Your credit history and housing conditions through a number of approaches 6 Current home value $250,000 ability to pay may also be considered in determining including weatherization, rehabilitation, revitalization, 6 75% of that value 187,500 the amount of credit available. and conservation. 6 Size of mortgage 150,000 Home equity lines of credit usually carry a variable To see if you may qualify for assistance through this 6 Amount of loan 37,500 interest rate that is figured by adding a margin to program, you can call (804) 377-9880 or visit the A good rule is to use a loan if you need the funds the current prime rate or some other index. Other program website @ www.projecthomes.org for a single project and a line-of-credit if you have costs associated with setting up a line of credit may KEEPING YOUR BUDGET IN LINE a number of projects to be completed over time. also apply and will vary from lender to lender. 6 Once you’ve decided how much you can afford Credit: National Association of Homebuilders, Fannie Mae SECOND MORTGAGE to spend fulfilling your remodeling dreams, the If you are not comfortable with the open-ended real challenge is making sure you stick to this nature of a line of credit (which requires discipline budget. So, how can you prevent your expenses to ensure that you don’t go way over budget), a home from spiraling out of control? HOUSING AND URBAN equity loan, or second mortgage, may be right for 6 Plan on spending only 80 percent of what you DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS you. This is a fixed-rate, fixed-term loan based on can afford. Put the additional 20 percent in For more information on the programs the equity in your house that is paid back in equal reserve to cover changes, unforeseen problems, mentioned on this page and others visit monthly installments over a specific period of time. and miscellaneous charges. the Housing and Urban Development CASH-OUT REFINANCING 6 Remember that anything not included in the Department’s Home Improvement If interest rates today are significantly less than original contract will cost extra. It’s very easy to page at: when you first purchased your house, refinancing start tacking on hundreds and even thousands http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/ your mortgage may be a wise move. This refinancing of dollars in change orders that will break both HUD/topics/home _ improvements alternative allows you to use the accumulated equity your budget and your timeline. in your home to take out a new loan to pay off your 6 Stay focused on the task at hand. Stick to the existing mortgage and then use the remaining funds project you have planned rather than deciding for your remodeling project. that now is the time to overhaul the rest of the Make sure you factor in the length of time you plan house. to live in the house and the number of years left on your current mortgage before you decide to refinance.

4-5 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors Do I Need a Permit?

4. PERMITTING 4. Building, replacing, adding to and making structural repairs to a whether it is Check with the Building Inspection Department Permits for the marked ( ) items may be attached to the main structure or not early in the design stages and definitely before work obtained through Chesterfield County’s begins. 5. Building an attached or detached garage or Residential Walk-Thru Permit process carport available on a limited schedule through the: By discussing your project with them, you can Department of Building Inspection find out if you need a permit and if your project 6. Converting a garage to a habitable space 9800 Government Center Parkway meets the requirements of the building code and 7. Building a porch, screened porch, deck , Chesterfield, VA 23832 county zoning. Even if your project falls under this associated steps or ramp (804) 748-1057 list where a permit is not needed, it is best to 8. Building or installing a tool shed over 200 check with the Planning and Building Inspection square feet in area departments because setback requirements still must For more information on what to bring, be met. 9. Finishing off an unfinished attic, basement or code requirements, applications, and fees room over a garage please contact: Department of Building Inspection Department of Building Inspection 10. Moving, adding or removing a wall or partition 9800 Government Center Parkway http://www.chesterfield.gov/bi/ Chesterfield, VA 23832 11. Repairing, altering, enlarging or modifying any (804) 748-1057 structural element of the house, including: Department of Building Inspection a. Any damaged structural element, such as http://www.chesterfield.gov/bi/ load bearing stud walls, columns, piers, footings, foundations, floor joists, rafters, WHEN IS A PERMIT NEEDED? beams or girders Whenever you construct, reconstruct, enlarge, alter, b. Enlarging or adding a door opening or or demolish a structure, a permit is required prior window opening to starting the work. There are several types of 12. Changing the use of the structure (example: permits that might be necessary for any residential change from residential use to a business use) project depending on the scope of work being done. 13. Installing a pool (permanent or storable), hot tub These types of projects require a Building Permit: or spa that is greater than 150 square feet, 5000 1. Building a new house gallons in capacity and greater than 24 inches 2. Building an addition onto an existing house or deep attached garage 14. Building, replacing or repairing (structurally) a 3. Converting an existing deck or screened porch retaining wall that is greater than 24 inches in to Florida room () height and that supports load from a structure

4-6 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

WHEN IS A PERMIT NOT NEEDED? 3. Constructing or installing a storage shed, 9. Replacing an electrical water heater with a new The building code allows work to be done without playhouse, etc., 150 square feet or less in area electric water heater obtaining a permit. While a permit is not required, 4. Adding a fence (which is not part of a 10. Replacing electrical fixtures, such as switches and the work must be in compliance with the code. enclosure) and which is 6' or receptacles The following information pertains to single-family less in height - refer to subdivision covenants (if 11. Replacing a ceiling fan to a pre-wired switch, dwellings only; it does not pertain to apartments, applicable) that has a ceiling fan rated and supported box condominiums or . (See the Commercial 5. Building recreational equipment, such as swings, New Construction and Renovation section for 12. Replacing plumbing fixtures, such as sinks, skateboard ramps, jungle gyms, etc. information on these types of dwellings.) Some toilets, faucets, etc. examples of work that does not require a permit 6. Adding insulation 13. Retaining walls that are for landscaping purposes include: 7. Installing any wiring or equipment which only 1. Making ordinary repairs and improvements, operates at less than 50 volts 14. Replacing electrical cook top stoves, ranges, and including, but not limited to: 8. Installing a security alarm system dryers

Print Form a. Painting the inside or outside of the house If you should have questions about whether a permit or detached structures PERMIT #: is required please call the Building Inspection office b. Repairing drywall, plaster, siding, etc.; at 804-748-1057. re-roofing ASSOCIATED PERMIT #: BUILDING PERMIT APPLICATION c. Installing new floor coverings, such as vinyl, BUILDING INSPECTION, PO BOX 40, 9800 GOVERNMENTCHESTERFIELD CENTER VA 23832 PARKWAY Phone: 804-748-1057 carpet, or hardwood www.chesterfield.gov/bi Residential Fax: 804-751-4713 Commercial Fax: 804-717-6080

d. Installing or refurbishing cabinetry CONTRACTOR ID #: Even if you don’t think a permit is needed

PHONE #: for a particular project, it’s best to check What type of work is to be performed (Please Check): RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL e. Repairing or replacing porch flooring or PHONE #: If a garage is included, what type (Please Check): ATTACHED DETACHED NONE ARCHITECT ID #: with the Building Inspections Department What type of property improvement will be made (Please Describe): deck flooring. Note: A permit is required to DEVELOPER ID: MECHANICS LIEN ID#: before work begins.

repair or replace the joists or girders COORDINATOR PHONE #: WORK DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION WORK

CONTRACTOR NAME: ID f. Repairing or replacing handrails on a porch ARCHITECT NAME/ADDRESS (COMMERCIAL ONLY): OWNER PHONE #: E-MAIL ADDRESS:

DEVELOPER NAME/ADDRESS (COMMERCIAL ONLY): LOT:

g. Installing or replacing doors and windows, CERTIFIED RESPONSIBLE LAND DISTURBER (CRLD)-RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY ONLY: CRLD CERTIFICATE #: CRLD CERTIFICATE EXP DATE:SECTION: AGENTS MECHANICS LIEN AGENT-RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY ONLY:

including storm windows, where no TECHNICAL PROJECT COORDINATOR: EST. COST OF CONSTRUCTION

$ If you would like for us to contact your technical project

structural change is performed MASTER PLAN #: CONTACT coordinator by e-mail, please include the e-mail address: PROPERTY OWNER NAME (FIRST NAME, LAST NAME OR COMPANY NAME):

PROPERTY OWNER MAILING ADDRESS (SKIP, IF MAILING ADDRESS IS SAME AS JOB LOCATION):

IDT # FOR DEFERRED PAYMENT h. Installing or replacing gutters and OWNER (SCHOOL BOARD/UTILITIES ONLY): ADDRESS/LOCATION OF WORK TO BE PERFORMED (STREET #/STREET NAME/STREET TYPE OR SUBDIVISION):

downspouts IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS THE SHOPPING CENTER NAME OR BUILDING NAME OR TENANT UPFIT NAME?

What is the estimated cost of STRUCTURAL WORK ONLY (materials and labor)? Do not include the cost of plumbing, mechanical, electrical or other auxiliary work in 2. Installing driveways or sidewalks this estimate: MASTER PLAN PROGRAM: Contractors who build the same more than once can save time by registering their plan in the Master Plan Program. Once established, review of future submissions of this house plan will be expedited for a

JOB INFORMATION JOB quicker turnaround time. For more information, please let us know. (COMMERCIAL ONLY) PLEASE CHECK PAYMENT OPTION, IF APPLICABLE:

ENTERPRISE ZONE COUNTY PROJECT DEFERRED

4-7 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

RESIDENTIAL SETBACKS

ZONING CORNER SIDE SETBACK SIDE YARD REAR YARD DISTRICTS SETBACK BACK TO SIDE BACK TO BACK SETBACK SETBACK

R-88 75 75 40 40 50 STOP

R-40 60 *30/55 30 20 50 This chart shows the zoning districts in which most of Chesterfield County’s mid- R-25 50 45 25 715 40 century homes are located. By checking with the Planning Department, you can R-15 40 *20/35 20 15/10** 25 find out the zoning for your neighborhood and the setbacks, which can vary by the type of improvement you are proposing. R-12 35 30 20 10 25 This will help you to start making plans for your project. R-9 30 25 15 7.5 25

R-7 30 *15/25 15 7.5/5 25

* Lots recorded prior to April 1, 1974 ** Lots recorded prior to December 11, 1945

SETBACKS FOR ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

HEIGHT OF FRONT YARD CORNER SIDE SIDE YARD REAR YARD ACCESSORY SETBACK SETBACK SETBACK SETBACK STRUCTURE

lesser of 1/2 depth not less than the front yard setback not less than 1/2 of the side yard Less than 12’ not less than a 10’ setback of lot or 80’ for the applicable zoning district setback for the applicable zoning district

not less than 1/2 the rear yard lesser of 1/2 depth not less than the front yard setback not less than 1/2 of the side yard More than 12’ setback for the applicable of lot or 80’ for the applicable zoning district setback for the applicable zoning district zoning district 4-8 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

BENSLEY CAPE COD BON AIR COLONIAL 11,600 SQUARE FEET 17,00 SQUARE FEET R-12 R-25

COURTHOUSE RANCH ETTRICK MINIMAL TRADITIONAL 10,500 SQUARE FEET 11,050 SQUARE FEET R-12 R-17

Based on analysis of several mid-twentieth-century Chesterfield neighborhoods, the illustrations above show typical house styles on typical lots. The square footage for the lot is given. The lighter green area is a typical neighborhood lot. The darker green area shows required setbacks and the limits of the dwelling’s buildable location. There are also limits on the maximum percentage of lot coverage which vary by zoning district. The graphics on this page interpret the requirements of the zoning district shown on the accompanying chart.

MARLBORO SPLIT 16,800 SQUARE FEET R-25

4-9 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors Working with Contractors The majority of licensed contractors are responsible, QUESTIONS TO ASK YOUR CONTRACTOR IF YOU skilled, and trustworthy. A few minutes spent review WANT A “GREEN” PROJECT CHECK OUT YOUR CONTRACTOR: the checklist below, however, can help ensure that 6 What is your experience with green Better Business Bureau you project goes smoothly and may help you avoid remodeling? www.richmond.bbb.org some of the common pitfalls when choosing and 6 Do you have any special areas of expertise? working with a home improvement contractor. FILE A COMPLAINT 6 Will you use local materials/recycled The publications below from the Board for Virginia Office of The Attorney General content/non-toxic/durable materials? Contractors, part of the Virginia Department of http://www.oag.state.va.us/ Professional and Occupational Regulation, and are 6 Do any of these products have special ConsumerProtection/ available on their website @ maintenance requirements? http://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/Contractors/ 6 Can we use reclaimed/reused materials? 6 What You Should Know Before Hiring 6 Does it cost more to be eco-friendly and a Contractor what are the benefits? 6 What Seniors Should Know Before Hiring 6 How do you dispose of construction waste? a Contractor Are there any opportunities for reuse or 6 10 Tips Making Sure Your Contractor recycling? WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR YOUR CONTRACTOR? Measures Up 6 SET UP a daily schedule so everyone is clear about work hours and days, and clean-up intervals. 6 MOVE your vehicles to allow space for convenient contractor parking. 6 CLEAR the path between the parking area and the house entrance the contractor will be using. 6 MOVE OR COVER your household items so that the contractor has an easy place in which to work. The homeowners moved their 6 ASK if the contractor will need space for a vehicles out of the driveway to allow convenient access to the dumpster, material storage, hose, and outside house for contractors. electrical access.

4-10 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

DO NOT: 5. SET UP APPOINTMENTS WITH 2-3 CONTRACTORS. Hire a contractor that knocks on your door If you think what to report a possible scam, and offers you an unbelievably good price but fraud, or case of discrimination, call the Ask that they provide you with a written estimate cannot provide any references. Also be wary of that defines: Hotline for Older Virginians: a contractor that tries to pressure you into an (804) 367-2178 6 Materials to be used immediate decision or uses scare tactics so you’ll (expect a 10% upcharge) commit to the work. 6 Labor charges 6 Start and end dates 8. PICK A CONTRACTOR. 10. ESTABLISH PAYMENT TERMS. 6 6 Total cost Make sure you feel comfortable with the contractor. Require itemized bills that correspond to You will be working closely together during the the contract. Remember the more specific you are about defining duration of the project. 6 the materials (such as the brand of kitchen cabinets) Agree to pay at the completion of the easier it will be to compare the estimates you DO NOT: each phase. receive. 6 Treat your contractor rudely. 6 Are you being billed for the same as the bid price? If not, ask why. 6 Think that your contractor knows your 6. ASK THE CONTRACTOR A FEW IMPORTANT tastes. 6 Before you make final payment to QUESTIONS. the contractor: 6 How long has he/she been in business? 9. NEGOTIATE A CONTRACT. 6 Ask the contractor for written proof that all 6 How many projects similar to yours does the Make sure all the details are written down and that subcontractors and suppliers have been paid contractor complete in a year? you read the fine print. (lien release form). 6 Ask to see proof that the contractor is 6 What is and what is not included in the DO NOT: licensed, bonded, and insured for workmen’s price Accept terms that require more than 30% down at compensation and liability. 6 A payment schedule the beginning of the project. 6 7. ASK AROUND AND CHECK REFERENCES. How changes will be handled Check with neighbors, business associates, family and 6 Get an attorney to look over the contract. friends who have recently completed projects. 6 Get a copy of everything you sign. 6 Are they satisfied with the work, the price, DO NOT: and duration of the job? Leave the warranty of materials out of the contract. 6 Would they hire the same contractor again? Sign the contract if there are any blank spaces or if 6 Understand that the contractor may also there is anything you don’t understand. wish to run a credit check on you!

4-11 Chapter 4: Getting It Done - Project Planning, Funding, and Working with Contractors

11. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE RIGHT PERMITS. 12. LOCATE UTILITIES AND OTHER 13. KEEP A JOB FILE. UNDERGROUND FEATURES. Check with the Planning and Building Inspections In addition to the contract, invoices, checks, and departments to find out zoning requirements and No matter how small the project, if you need a other correspondence, it is a good idea to take what permits are needed for your project. Your shovel you need to call Miss Utility (just dial 811) pictures of the job in progress. contractor should, however, be responsible for at least three days before you dig. The National Association of the Remodeling obtaining the permits, as the permit holder assumes Also, make sure you know the location of any Industry offers remodeling tips, a budget worksheet, the legal liabilities/responsibilities for the job. wells, septic fields, underground storage tanks, and and help locating a professional remodeler in the Make sure that necessary periodic code inspections any easements that may impact the location of your Chesterfield area. are completed. If building inspections are needed, proposed improvements. www.nari.org and click on the Homeowners tab. ensure that they have been completed and that the project has passed before making final payment.

To find out what inspections are needed, follow this link to Chesterfield County’s Building Inspections Department: http://www.chesterfield.gov/bi/

Then click on Residential Construction and Renovations, Residential Construction How To Guides, Inspections.

4-12 Home Modernization Guide The Ranch 5 Chapter 5: The Ranch History of the Ranch

LIKES: 6 Low cost for heating and cooling due to small size 6 Adaptable to a variety of improvements 6 Single floor living with open floor plan

DISLIKES: 6 No entry - door opens directly into 6 Cramped kitchen Thanks to the GI Bill, many veterans returning from Roughly 46% of the homes built in Chesterfield overseas at the end of World War II, were able to County before 1971 were Ranch style houses of less 6 No become first time homeowners. In 1946, cars were than 1,500 square feet. Earlier examples tend to 6 Only one full bath advertised on television for the first time. Three be smaller and answered the need for immediate years later, the first shopping mall opened. It was housing at the end of World War II. As the suburbs 6 Modern is too big for spaces the era of the modern suburb. grew away from the city and lot sizes increased, the 6 No master suite houses became larger to accommodate growing “baby The most dominant house style in the country 6 Rooms are too small in the 1950s and 1960s, the Ranch and its boom” families. accompanying large lot, encouraged suburban The informal, family-friendly, functional layout of 6 Lack of storage space neighborhood growth. By 1970 more people in many Ranch style houses has actually helped these 6 No space for a washer/dryer American lived in the suburbs than cities for the older homes find new popularity among today’s first time. young families. Their one-story open floor plans 6 Aging building materials The earliest Ranch houses were small, one-story also allow these houses to be adapted for universal 6 Would like more connectivity to dwellings built on lots with room for future design (modifications for aging in your home) more expansion. Over time, larger ranch house designs easily than many earlier house styles. emphasized their ample sites by stretching across the majority of the lot width. Modern features such as picture windows and sliding glass doors were incorporated into designs for the first time.

5-2 Chapter 5: The Ranch Characteristics

Low roof pitch, gabled or hipped Open floor plan

Wide eaves Natural materials

Often I-shaped but could be Decorative shutters L-, U-, or H Large lots in suburban settings Wood or aluminum windows

Single-story

Asymmetrical

Minimal ornamentation Large picture windows

5-3 Chapter 5: The Ranch

MATERIAL, ENTRANCE, GABLE AND ROOF VARIATIONS

inset and projecting porch entry change in inset gable end garage

END GABLE SIMPLE

mixed wall materials covered entry integrated entry siding in gable

on end gable

CROSS GABLE ON FRONT FACADE

shed-roofed, large projecting small projecting side projecting garage central entry

END GABLE PORCH ENTRY HIPPED ROOF SIMPLE

5-4 Chapter 5: The Ranch Creating Curb Appeal

$ Foundation plantings help to create more balanced appearance, shade trees provide a focal point in the front yard, and an evergreen hedge screens an existing parking area in front of the house.

$$ New symmetrically placed lights provide increased illumination at the front door, window box with decorative mounting brackets provides an opportunity for seasonal color.

$$$ Replace one-over-one windows with six-over-one, add triple bay window to replace picture window, and install a new roof in warm brown shade that blends with brick color and landscaping, $$$$ Adding a partial width front porch with square posts, railing, gable roof and shingle detail creates a new outdoor space for residents.

new lighting

window box $ new plantings $$

new roof

triple bay window new windows front porch $$$ $$$$

5-5 Chapter 5: The Ranch IdeasAdding for On Additions - Option 1

This option provides an ample-sized adjacent to the kitchen. A half- bath between the family room and the new two-car garage alleviates some of the pressure on the home’s only full bath. The garage provides room for storage and a possible washer-dryer location. A connection can also be made from the family

bedroombath bedroom D kitchen room to the backyard.

living room dining room master bedroom REAR VIEW WITH ADDITION

master bedroom

dining room living room ORIGINAL PLAN

kitchenbedroom bath bedroom D

garage entry

ORIGINAL HOUSE family room FRONT VIEW half ADDITION PLAN bath

work space

5-6 Chapter 5: The Ranch Adding On - Option 2

With this addition, a new master bedroom and bathroom are created. The rear corner bedroom of the original house becomes a hallway, bathroom, and for the new addition. Finally, the house has two bathrooms!

bedroombath bedroom D kitchen

living room dining room REAR VIEW master bedroom WITH ADDITION

bedroom ORIGINAL PLAN dining room living room

bath

kitchen bedroom bath hall D closet

ORIGINAL HOUSE FRONT VIEW master bedroom

ADDITION PLAN

5-7 Chapter 5: The Ranch Adding On - Option 3

living room bedroomutility kitchen bedroom bath dining room hall master bedroom ADA bath hall

Hall

master bedroom living room hall dining room kitchen utility bedroom bath bedroom

ADDITION PLAN family room

ORIGINAL PLAN

REAR AND SIDE VIEW WITH ADDITIONS

Two small additions help this house to adapt to the needs of its twenty-first century residents. A ORIGINAL HOUSE family room connects to the house through the now partitioned . Built-in storage can FRONT VIEW help keep this new space neat and tidy. On the side of the house, a bump out creates an accessible bathroom adjoining the master bedroom. Not only does this create a master bathroom, but it allows any aging or incapacitated family member to navigate this space without impediment.

5-8 Home Modernization Guide The Cape Cod 6 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod History of the Cape Cod

LIKES 6 Traditional design 6 Small size means lower heating and cooling bills 6 Ability to expand into attic 6 One-story living possible 6 Easy to adapt

DISLIKES 6 Kitchen could be larger 6 Lack of entry hall, family room, home office space 6 Shared bathroom One of America’s most enduring house styles, the Other variations to the style include the level of Cape Cod takes its name from 18th century New detailing, choice of wall cladding material, and 6 Formal design England dwellings. The exterior appearance has whether or not dormers were included in the 6 Needs more storage changed little over the centuries while incorporating original design. Newer examples in Chesterfield’s 6 Not enough natural light the needs of subsequent generations of homebuyers neighborhoods often incorporate a full-width front and many modern amenities. porch. 6 Aging building materials The Cape Cod’s small size, traditional design, and 6 Would like more connectivity to backyard affordability made it a popular starter home choice throughout much of the 20th century. Often home plans include options for additions that could be constructed later. The steep pitch of the roof, coupled with windows on the ends of each side wall, may signal that a design was intended for future expansion into the attic space.

6-3 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod Characteristics

1-1/2 stories

Rectangular form

Medium to steeply pitched roof

Symmetrically placed gable- roofed dormers with small-paned Side porch or windows carport on some examples Covered entry, portico, or porch May have paneled Equal number and size of or louvered shutters windows on each side of front door

Small-paned windows

Centered entry with solid wood door

6-4 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod

MATERIAL, ENTRANCE, GABLE AND ROOF VARIATIONS

window shed dormer no dormers on dormers cross gable wing front facade

window dormers

siding porch entry 1-story gable end wing cross gable end becomes entry projecting entry brick with integrated entry

SYMMETRICAL FACADE ASYMMETRICAL FACADE 1-STORY GABLE-END WING porch entrance no dormers dormers with shed roof siding mixed wall material

1-story wing

asymmetrical facade 2-story wing

side entry integrated porch entry uncovered entry

CHANGE IN ROOF PITCH TO ALLOW FOR 2ND FLOOR ON REAR PORCH ENTRIES

6-5 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod Creating Curb Appeal

By removing the metal awnings over the windows and adding deeply toned $ paneled shutters, this charming Cape Cod is instantly updated. A storm door in the same tone as the shutters, and with small-panes just like the windows, helps to tie together the appearance of this house from the street. Evergreen foundation plantings to either side of the entry provide a focal point without a lot of maintenance. $$ Building on earlier improvements, after the siding received a fresh coat of tan paint, window boxes were added to provide seasonal color. A simple railing accentuates the covered entry and provides a measure of safety. New gutters blend with the cream colored trim. Deciduous trees, shown here at maturity, are planted to help shade the house in summer. The new stone surface of the front walk invites guests and neighbors to visit.

shade tree shutters storm door new plantings $ fresh paint window railing stone sidewalk $$ boxes

6-6 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod

shingle siding dentil moulding new windows

Taking it one step further, the appearance of the house is changed by The final step adds classical (dentil) molding to the existing cornice $$$ replacing the board siding with shingles. $$$$ board. To let more light into the house, the single window openings on each side of the front door have been widened and two grouped windows inserted in place of the single windows. The shutters have been removed.

6-7 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod Adding On - Option 1

ORIGINAL HOUSE bath FRONT VIEW kitchen bath

D D

bedroom bedroom

dining room living room

U

A family room on the first level of this two- main level upper level story addition creates a warm and inviting ORIGINAL PLAN family space open to the kitchen and connected to the backyard. Upstairs, space is borrowed from one of the smaller bedrooms to extend the hall providing access to the new master bedroom and bath located above U the family room. No more sharing the bedroom bedroom dining room bathroom with the kids! D hall clos living room access bath to master D wing kitchen master bath bath

upper level master bedroom family room

main level REAR VIEW WITH ADDITION ADDITION PLAN 6-8 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod Adding On - Option 2

ORIGINAL HOUSE FRONT VIEW bath bath bedroom kitchen bedroom bedroom U D

dining room living room

A master bedroom with a bathroom designed for universal access provides an main level upper level accessible master suite on the first floor. The ORIGINAL PLAN smaller bedroom in the original portion of the house is converted to an office/ and adds a half-bath adjacent to other first floor living spaces.

living room dining room

bedroom D bedroom

U kitchen bath office/den 1/2 bath

ADA bath

REAR VIEW WITH master bedroom main level upper level ADDITION

ADDITION PLAN 6-9 Chapter 6: The Cape Cod Adding On - Option 3

ORIGINAL HOUSE bath FRONT VIEW bedroom bath kitchen dining room bedroom D bedroom

living room bedroom

U upper level The dining room and kitchen gain much needed additional space when they are main level extended into the new family room addition. ORIGINAL PLAN A ramp and covered entry make the entrance to the addition handicap accessible. A rear porch creates a covered area for outdoor activities. Two former bedrooms U become one accessible bedroom with its own closet and bath. living room master bedroom bedroom D

bath closet/bath dining room kitchen upper level entry

main level ADDITION PLAN family room

REAR VIEW WITH ramp ADDITION porch 6-10 Home Modernization Guide The Split Level 7 Chapter 7: The Split Level History of the Split Level

LIKES 6 Defined spaces for different activities 6 Family room in dedicated location 6 Well-lighted lower level doesn’t seem like a basement 6 Mature landscaping

DISLIKES 6 between levels 6 Floor plan not open enough 6 Informal living space is on lower, not main, level 6 Multiple levels can be challenging to heat Similar to the ranch style in many ways, and often and play their stereos without disturbing the rest of and cool appropriately called raised ranches, the Split Level solved two the household was located on the lower/basement problems for many homebuyers. Primarily, it provided level and a sleeping area was located above. 6 Lacking adequate storage more space for growing families in the decades after Variations on the Split Level design include the 6 Missing master suite the end of World War II. The split-level concept Quad Level and the Split Foyer. 6 Aging building materials was first proposed by visionary architect Frank Lloyd Wright in the early 20th century as a less expensive 6 Would like more connectivity to backyard version of his popular prairie style but did not become popular until the 1950s. The multi-level design also allowed family uses to be segregated. An adult living area was located in the single-story wing and allowing guests to come in without navigating stairs. In the two-story portion of the house, an area where teenagers could watch TV

7-3 Chapter 7: The Split Level

Characteristics

Horizontal orientation

Low-pitched roof

Overhanging eaves Large picture Wood and brick exterior window

Multi-pane double-hung Minimal decoration windows, some have sliding windows

Multi-level design

7-4 Chapter 7: The Split Level

MATERIAL, ENTRANCE, GABLE, AND ROOF VARIATIONS

end gable

cross gable

end gable entry on lowest level end gable roof all siding mixed material cross gable SMALLER SPLIT LEVEL top floor integrated car port end gable hipped roof tri-level with garrison 2nd floor integrated garage tri-level

LARGE TRI-LEVEL entry on lowest level

garrison upper level cross gable siding in end gable end gable siding in entry porch with full end gable height columns across entire facade

attached garage

asymmetric facade brick face

4-bay facade porch entry

SPLIT FOYER COLONIAL SPLIT FOYER

7-5 Chapter 7: The Split Level

Creating Curb Appeal

$ The addition of low foundation plantings provides visual interest without blocking the natural light filtering into the lower level. A planter box on the other side of the entry provides color and a sense of balance to the front of the house. A new screen/storm door with small panes is a classical design in keeping with the traditional design of this split level home. A white stair railing and new six-panel wooden front door continue to reinforce the $$ classical appearance of the house. Symmetrically planted magnolias and a traditional element to the landscape.

vines storm door new plantings white railing magnolia tree magnolia tree and wooden front door $ $$

7-6 Chapter 7: The Split Level

new bay new windows new shingles window new plantings storm door stone covered walk

As a final update, the horizontal siding has been replaced with new $$$ To provide a connection from the house to the street for visitors or $$$$ children catching the school bus, a front walk with stone pavers has shingles and contrasting trim. been added. New windows with nine panes in the upper sash and one below replace the existing one-over-one designs. A new bay window, using the same window pattern provides the front of the house with a new focal point.

7-7 Chapter 7: The Split Level

Adding On - Option 1

laundry bath bath crawl space bedroom kitchen bedroom D U U utility

ORIGINAL HOUSE living room bedroom bedroom FRONT VIEW

upper level main level lower level

A or porch connects this garage ORIGINAL PLAN to the kitchen of the house. It could also serve a mudroom function and has steps that lead into the backyard. The garage provides room for two cars and recreation room a workbench or additional storage. bedroom bedroom living room crawl space

bedroom bedroom kitchen dining bath bath lower level main level porch upper level

2-car garage ADDITION PLAN REAR VIEW WITH ADDITION 7-8 Chapter 7: The Split Level Adding On - Option 2

laundry bath bath bedroom kitchen bedroom D U U utility living room ORIGINAL HOUSE bedroom bedroom recreation room crawl space FRONT VIEW

upper level main level lower level

ORIGINAL PLAN Maybe having a family room near the kitchen and with a connection to the backyard has been a long sought after improvement. It’s a great way to add informal living space on the main level and open up the floor plan. Don’t forget to plan on built-in storage. You can never have bedroom bedroom recreation room enough! living room crawl space U U bedroom kitchen D bedroom dining room bath bath laundry

upper level lower level family room

main level

REAR VIEW WITH ADDITION PLAN ADDITION 7-9 Chapter 7: The Split Level

Adding On - Option 3

laundry bath bath bedroom bedroom kitchen U D utility U living room ORIGINAL HOUSE recreation room crawl space bedroom bedroom FRONT VIEW lower level upper level main level

The design of this two-story addition repeats ORIGINAL PLAN the slight overhang of the second floor seen on the main house. Inside, the lower level provides at-grade storage, and/or a utility and space. Upstairs, there is ample space for a new master bedroom. A master bathroom and closet are created in main house, using the space formerly occupied by recreation room bedroom bedroom the smallest bedroom. living room crawl space U bath and closet with U bedroom kitchen D access bath to master bath laundry dining room bedroom

lower level outdoor storage/ main level utility or master suite workshop

upper level REAR VIEW WITH ADDITION PLAN ADDITION 7-10 Home Modernization Guide The Colonial Revival 8 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival History of the Colonial Revival

LIKES 6 Classic, traditional design elements 6 Size accommodates growing and larger families 6 Floor plan functions well for current lifestyles 6 Symmetrical placement of openings provides good ventilation without AC

DISLIKES 6 No first floor bedroom 6 Needs more bathrooms 6 Formal arrangement of spaces 6 Lacks open, family room 6 Aging building materials

The Georgian and Federal styles popular in the Both center and side hall versions of the 6 Would like more connectivity to United States in the late eighteenth and early Colonial Revival style are found in Chesterfield backyard nineteenth centuries were reintroduced to homebuyers neighborhoods. Most have from three to five at the country’s centennial exhibition in 1876. Like openings, or bays, across the front. Newer variations its Cape Cod relative, the traditional elements of on the style often have full-width . The the Colonial Revival style contribute to its enduring symmetry of the style may be broken by the popularity. introduction of an attached front-loading garage.

8-3 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

Characteristics

Gable roof with minimal overhang End chimney

Rectangular form Shutters

Simple cornice Wood or brick wall cladding

Balanced/symmetrical openings May have a second story that on both levels projects forward from first story (garrison) Small-paned windows Projecting covered entry, portico, or partial- to full-width porch

Paneled front door with classical door surround

Simple railings

8-4 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

MATERIAL, ENTRANCE, GABLE, AND ROOF VARIATIONS

1-story wing on gable end

3-bay with central entry entry porch with full height columns across siding 2-story end-gableentire facade wing

picture brick covered entry window garrison overhang 3-bay with side entry garrison overhang 5-BAY CENTRAL ENTRY ASYMMETRICAL FACADE WITH SIDE WING

brick end chimney

siding end gable

picture window garrison asymmetrical facade overhang

porch across entire facade 3-BAY SIDE ENTRY

8-5 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

A Curb Appeal Makeover

New traditional light fixtures accent either side of the front door. A $ new compatible fixture mounted on a lamppost lights the front walk. Foundation plantings in various tones of green provide a pleasing contrast to the brick wall surface. Adding a railing to the steps at the street and resurfacing the existing walk $$ in brick pavers creates an inviting welcome. A window box under the first floor window adds seasonal color and makes the window seem taller.

HOUSE BEFORE MAKEOVER

shutters on the upper story light fixtures

foundation plantings lamp post window box brick pavers

railing

$ $$

8-6 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

new roof

arbors classical entry portico brick steps french doors railing

patio gravel path gravel path

New French doors open to a brick patio tucked around the Echoing the original door surround, a classical entry portico $$$ $$$$ side of the house. A gravel path leads across the front lawn with brick steps and a railing provides a covered entry and a and to the to the fenced backyard. Arbors over both the welcome connection to the front yard. French doors and the first floor window give the front of the house increased visual interest.

8-7 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

Adding On - Option 1 1 Possible opportunity for increased openness of floor plan depending on existing structural conditions bath Additional or re-purposed space den DU

living room ORIGINAL HOUSE - FRONT VIEW mudroom See View 1 dining kitchen 2-car room garage

Where the lot width and zoning regulations allow, it may be possible to main level add a two-car garage that connects to 2 the kitchen at the side of the house. In this design a mudroom serves as a connector between the garage and kitchen and may serve as additional bedroom DU master kitchen storage or a laundry area. bedroom Upstairs, the master bedroom is made a little smaller to create a dedicated bath with new tub master bathroom adjacent to the only bedroom master master existing bathroom in the house. bath closet

upper level

REAR VIEW WITH SIDE ADDITION See View 2

8-8 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival Adding On - Option 2 1

bedroom bedroom living room master suite playroom/ attic storage

ORIGINAL HOUSE - FRONT VIEW dining bedroom See View 1 room closet kitchen clos bath

extension 1/2 bath master family upper level room bath On the side of the house, the two- main level story portion of this addition contains a master bedroom, closet, and half-bath Possible opportunity for increased openness on the first floor, and a playroom or of floor plan depending on existing structural storage space on the second floor. conditions 2 The one-story portion of the addition Additional or re-purposed space extends along the rear of the house and expands the kitchen space into a new family room. The master bathroom is also located in this rear portion of the addition.

REAR VIEW WITH REAR AND SIDE ADDITION See View 2

8-9 Chapter 8: The Colonial Revival

Adding On - Option 3 1

bedroom bedroom U living room

office or family room D bedroom dining room kitchen bath ORIGINAL HOUSE - FRONT VIEW extension extension porch See View 1 upper level 1/2 bath

main level Additional or re-purposed space

2 A one-story addition can add an office or family room as well as extend the dining room and kitchen to a size in keeping with the way these spaces are used today. It’s also a great way to work in a half-bath on the main level and maybe even a screened-in rear porch.

REAR VIEW WITH REAR AND SIDE ADDITION See View 2

8-10 Home Modernization Guide The Minimal Traditional 9 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional History of the Minimal Traditional

LIKES: 6 Small size helps with heating and cooling costs 6 Some built-in cabinetry

DISLIKES: 6 Floor plan not open 6 Tight circulation 6 No family room, entry hall, home office, or master suite 6 Only one bathroom 6 Small kitchen 6 Not enough storage space 6 Lacks connection to backyard 6 Small rooms 6 Aging building materials

The Minimal Traditional style was a response to The low-pitched roof helped to modernize the design 6 Would like more connectivity to backyard the continued demand for new homes during the and allow for more living space on the first floor. Depression and the years immediately following the The front-facing gable , seen on some examples, is end of World War II. By removing many of the a remaining influence of the Tudor style, while those costly details from earlier cottage designs, this design designs without the ell may be more similar to the forms a bridge from the small Tudor cottages of the Cape Cod style. 1920s to the small ranch houses of the post-war era.

9-3 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

Characteristics

Simple floor plan Low-to-medium pitched roof Rectangular, may have small ell Side-gabled roof, some hipped roofs One-story No eaves Asymmetrical layout and windows Picture window

Minimal entry porch Lacking ornamentation

9-4 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

MATERIAL, ENTRANCE, GABLE AND ROOF VARIATIONS

gable ended

siding

change in overhang central entry

brick with entry on far side of front facade siding

covered entry at far side of front facade simple brick gable end with carport under same roof SIMPLE FRONT FACADE

cross gable siding in gable

cross gable wing brick cross gable wing

centralized cross gable with integrated entry siding

porch entry

GABLE ON FRONT FACADE

9-5 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional Creating Curb Appeal

gray roof

new plantings black shutters light fixtures bay window

$ Adding plantings in scale with the brick planter and continuing them $$ Traditional light fixtures provide a balanced accent at the front door. across the front of the house as well as additional deciduous shrubs A new bay window provides more light to the interior, and vertical grounds the house in its setting. Painting the shutters the same color evergreens add depth to the existing plantings. The gray color of the as the front door unifies the exterior. new roof works well with the exterior color scheme and will help hide any staining that may occur as the roof ages.

9-6 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

brown roof

shingles cream trim earthen red door dark tan siding traditional style and shutters front porch brick pavers

$$$ To give the house an entirely new identity, you may want to follow the $$$$ Building on the previous improvements, a traditional style front porch improvements shown here. Working with a warm color palette, the roof with a gabled roof, square posts, and a simple railing completes the is replaced with medium-to dark-brown shingles. The upper portion of transformation of the house. It also provides a shady outdoor seating the siding is removed and replaced by shingles painted a light tan. A area and covered entry. cream-colored trim board becomes the dividing line beneath which the siding is painted a dark tan. A deep earthen red is used for the front door and shutters. The brick walk complements the color palette chosen for the house.

9-7 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

Adding On - Option 1 With a small kitchen and no dining room, Ideas for Additions this house lacks a defined area to sit down for a family meal. By repurposing the bedroom adjacent to the kitchen as a dining room, this space challenge can be bedroom kitchen/ bedroom bedroom solved. An addition at the back of the dining room living room house provides a master bedroom and bath. These improvements are all designed with bath bath the principles of universal design, with steps as well as a ramp connecting to the new living room rear porch. The new master bathroom is dining room bedroom bedroom also accessible from the main part of the house and provides an ample turning radius for wheelchairs. entry porch ADA bath ramp D

ORIGINAL PLAN steps master bedroom

ADDITION PLAN

ORIGINAL HOUSE REAR VIEW WITH FRONT VIEW SIDE AND REAR ADDITIONS 9-8 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

Adding On - Option 2 Ideas for Additions By wrapping two sides of the house with an addition, a family room, which can also be used for dining, connects to the kitchen and bedroom bedroom kitchen/ a covered porch makes a great transition to dining room the backyard. This room could be converted to a bedroom if needed. The connecting half- bath is a convenient feature. On the side of the house a one-car garage provides space for bedroom living room additional storage or a laundry room. bath ORIGINAL HOUSE FRONT VIEW

ORIGINAL PLAN

bath bedroom living room

1-car garage

kitchen bedroom bedroom

dining extension REAR VIEW WITH SIDE AND REAR ADDITIONS outdoor 1/2 porch storage bath family room ADDITION PLAN

9-9 Chapter 9: The Minimal Traditional

Adding On - Option 3

Connecting to the house at the back of the kitchen, this two-room addition includes a family room that also serves as a connector bath to the new two-car garage. An added bedroom bedroom kitchen/ living room bedroom dining room benefit of this addition is the sense of privacy and enclosure it can bring to the backyard.

bedroom living room kitchen/ bedroom bedroom bath dining room

family room ORIGINAL PLAN or porch

2-car garage

ORIGINAL HOUSE

FRONT VIEW ADDITION PLAN REAR VIEW WITH REAR ADDITIONS

9-10 Home Modernization Guide Making the Most of Your Site 10 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Maintaining Your Yard A GREEN OASIS More information on both of these programs can By design, most mid-century homes are surrounded be found at the link below. Participation is limited by lawn. Most homeowners, therefore, find so check the website for an application and annual This chapter takes a look at the green themselves in a cycle of cutting grass, fertilizing, and deadlines. space that surrounds your house and controlling weeds. By following the steps on this http://offices.ext.vt.edu/chesterfield/programs/ covers routine maintenance, lawn care, page and the links to a number of valuable local anr/index.html and possible improvements to your yard. websites, you can create a healthy lawn, reduce the The suggestions relate to the information chemicals needed, and water more efficiently. found in other chapters including Aging in Place and Going Green. Videos on a number of lawn care topics can be found at the link below and include seasonal lawn care, weed control, mulching, mowing, fertilizing, seeding, pest control, choosing the best grass varieties, and more. http://www.anr.ext.vt.edu/lawnandgarden/ turfandgardentips/index-rss2.xml The Chesterfield County Office of Cooperative Extension offers a number of programs for local residents. Offered seasonally for a minimal cost, the Learn Your Landscape program sends a master gardener Or download Virginia Cooperative extension volunteer to evaluate your yard, provides a binder of publications on many similar topics here: reference information, and a follow-up consultation. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/category/lawns.html A second program, Grass Roots, focuses particularly on lawn. A volunteer will measure your lawn area, collect soil samples, conduct an evaluation of current conditions, and Cooperative Extension staff will then make recommendations specific to your lawn.

10-3 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Lawn Maintenance Checklist Tree and Shrub Maintenance

SPRING/SUMMER FALL WEEKLY

Mid-March: U Treat annual weeds. U Inspect plants for disease and provide treatment. U Bring mower in for service and sharpen blades. U Clean up leaves or mulch into lawn. SPRING

U Use crabgrass preventer. U Aerate and overseed to help prevent weeds U Trim bushes so that nothing touches house. and encourage healthy growth. Early Spring U Mulch plants with 2-3” of mulch. Keep mulch away from trunks. U Fertilize lawn (only if needed after testing). Use AS NEEDED your own compost or an organic product. U Mow lawn leaving grass 3” high to shade AS NEEDED roots and reduce watering need. U Combine with first mowing. U Prune shrubs and trees according to the U Sharpen mower blades after every 10 hours of information provided. U Treat annual weeds when the forsythia mowing. blooms drop. U Have a certified, licensed, insured arborist remove U Water deeply. When there is no rain, water 1” weak, dead, or rotten trees or large branches that U Try corn gluten for non-toxic pre-emergent inch every 5-7 days early in the morning or let may fall on house. weed control. it go dormant. U Research new plants before purchasing. Make Mid-Spring: sure they are Zone 7 hardy and healthy. U Measure lawn to get square footage, test soil, FALL and amend as needed. U Mulch plants with 2-3” of mulch. Keep mulch U Rake to remove thatch build-up. away from trunks.

U Aerate and overseed to help prevent weeds and encourage healthy growth.

Early June: U Treat grubs. Predator nematodes are an organic option available by mail order and are very effective.

10-4 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Pruning Basics Shrubs that are grown for their foliage rather than blooms such as barberry and burning bush GUIDES TO SUCCESSFUL PRUNING WHEN TO PRUNE can be pruned any time other than late autumn. Follow the path below on Virginia In general, as soon as you see dead, diseased, or Clipped hedges such as boxwood and privet should be sheared frequently during the growing season Cooperative Extension website for damages branches they should be removed. This downloads of this series on pruning: will help to prevent insects and disease. Crossing but shearing should stop approximately six weeks before the first frost so any new growth has time to http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/index.html branches, water spouts, and suckers should also be Click on: Lawn & Garden removed once noticed. harden. Major pruning should be done in winter when these bushes are dormant. Then: Trees, Shrubs & Groundcover Early Spring Bloomers such as lilac, forsythia, and rhododendron should be pruned in late spring Deciduous shade and fruit trees should also be pruned immediately after blooming. Roses that are not in winter. repeat bloomers should also be pruned after For any plants not listed here, check the internet or flowering. your local garden center for advice. Summer Blooming shrubs such as crape myrtle and butterfly bush should be pruned in winter to early spring. Repeat blooming roses should be pruned at the same time as should broadleaf evergreens such as holly, mahonia, and some magnolias. Hydrangeas come in three varieties. The old- fashioned mopheads and lacecaps bloom on old wood and should be pruned before mid-summer. water spout Newer reblooming introductions bloom on both old and new wood and, therefore, can be pruned at any time. Yet others, the white flowering paniculatas bloom only bloom on new wood and should be pruned any time other than right before blooming.

sucker In addition to dead or diseased branches, water spouts and suckers, as illustrated here should be removed immediately.

10-5 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

HOW TO PRUNE PROPER PRUNING ANGLE HEADING AND THINNING CUTS Thinning Heading Cuts

Used for multi-stem shrubs that are too dense, this first year one year later method involves cutting approximately 1/3 of the node node node branches to the ground. A portion of the branches removed should be the large older branches.

Heading new growth A great technique for helping a shrub to look its best! By cutting a branch back to a healthy bud Bud safe from dying. Bud may dry. Stub may rot. pointed inward, you can direct new growth to fill Heading and thinning cuts have different effects on in holes inside the shrub. If you cut back to an subsequent growth. outward facing bud, the growth will occur in that Thinning Cuts direction. first year Shearing one year later Most useful for evergreens, this technique can help HEDGE SHEARING you create a hedge by clipping new growth every new growth spring. Remember that plants need light to grow. Don’t prune shrubs into a triangle with the widest part at the top or you will get no new growth on the lower branches. a. poor

b. good Tapering toward the bottom reduces light penetration and causes leaves to thin near the base (a.), while tapering toward the top (b.) allows sunlight to reach the lower canopy and prevents a “see-through” hedge.

10-6 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

What Do You Want From Your Garden?

Get Inspired FRONT YARD GARDENS After you’ve taken care of your existing lawn, These public spaces provide a chance for you to improve the plantings, and trees, it may be time to think appearance or “curb appeal” of your home. Common front yard about enhancing your yard. In addition to elements include: walkways, foundation plantings, trees, lawn, watching home improvement televisions shows groundcover, and lighting. Choose plantings that enhance the and thumbing through magazines and books, view of your house from the street, are appropriate to the style your local public gardens have many types of the house, and that may echo the arrangement of doors and of display gardens and information on the windows. plants in them. You can also drive through your neighborhood and other Richmond area BACK YARD GARDENS neighborhoods that have houses similar to The space behind your house is your private outdoor space. yours in size and scale for more ideas. Just like the inside of your house, your outdoor space can be divided into areas for different uses. If you are thinking about a LEWIS GINTER BOTANICAL GARDEN backyard improvement project you should probably consider how www.lewisginter.org you use, or would like to use, this outdoor space for: 6 Kids MAYMONT HOUSE AND GARDENS 6 www.maymont.org Pets 6 Exercise AGECROFT HALL 6 Entertaining www.agecrofthall.com 6 Gardening Common backyard elements include: trees, shrubs, lawn, groundcover, play areas, work areas, areas for relaxing and entertaining, lighting, and decks, fences or hedges, vegetable gardens, water features, compost piles, sheds, and arbors or trellises.

10-7 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Before You Go Any Further...

CONSIDER THESE GARDEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES These design principles can help you simplify the process of designing a new space in your yard and help you to integrate it into your existing plantings. Balance. A formal or symmetrical planting arrangement means that there is a balanced arrangement of plants of equal size and shape on each side of the yard. An informal or asymmetrical arrangement allows more freedom in design, as the plantings do not need to be alike on both sides. Repetition. Repeat plants with similar shapes, colors, textures, and scent throughout the garden. Proportion. Use plants that are of an appropriate scale for your house and yard. Consider the mature The symmetrical facade of this Cape Cod is accentuated by balanced plantings of trees and shrubs. size of the plant, not the size when you plant it. Transition. Design the garden so that there are no abrupt changes in color, height, or texture. Variety. Keep it simple when it comes to the number of elements and colors to provide a sense of harmony to the garden. Plant a variety of plants if you want to have color throughout the growing season. Sequence. Repeat colors, forms and lines to create visual interest. Emphasis. Use focal points such as a trellis, arbor, fountain, bench, or special plant to provide direction.

The asymmetrical appearance of this Split Level is complemented by the repetition of plantings using a more casual approach than above.

10-8 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Consider These Green Ideas VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY PLANTINGS The Virginia Native Plant Society The plants you choose and the way in which they encourages the use of native plants. Native are planted can help save you money by reducing plant lists for Chesterfield County, which your energy and water consumption. falls between the Coastal Plain and 6 Plant deciduous trees and shrubs on the south Piedmont regions, can be found on their side of the house to shade the house in summer website. and allow the sun to warm the house in winter. Brochures available for download include: 6 Plant evergreen trees on the north and northwest “Meet the Natives: A Guide for to block winter winds. Growing and Using Native Plants,” “Do 6 Shade your air-conditioning unit by planting a I Have to Mow All That: A Guide to large shrub or small tree 3 - 4 feet away to Reducing Lawn, and Wildflowers for block the afternoon sun. Butterfly and Woodland Gardens”. 6 Use drought-tolerant plants and those native to Virginia. www.vnps.org click on Resources, then Brochures 6 Reduces the need to water or fertilize once Patridge Berry (mitchella repens) is a creeping woody shrub suitable the plants are established for shady areas as a hardy groundcover. It was named the Virginia 6 Resists most pests and diseases so no WIldflower of the Year in 2012. chemicals are needed 6 Attracts birds by providing food and shelter 6 Reduce the amount of yard devoted to lawn. 6 Retain or plant trees that shade any paved areas, such as driveways and parking areas to reduce heat gain.

Published in 1762, the ultimate guide to Virginia’s native species is be updated and should be available soon.

10-9 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Be Water-wise in the Garden Use a rain barrel. By collecting rainwater from your roof, you can reduce the costs to water your lawn and garden and reduce runoff. NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY Use mulch. Wood mulch will hold in moisture Visit their interactive website at the link below around trees and plants. M#-@5;:-8A0A.;:';/51@Eto learn :/  more about what you can do to #409,+!9(9,8,6(793,495-.70*:29:7, (9:7(2 ,85:7*,8 548,7;(9054!,7;0*,

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'5:/128;C1>5:3<8-:@?->1 -:0;@41>C5808521:110@;?A>B5B1Healthy :B5@1E;A>:1534 _ Yard.html @A:5@51?2;>1:6;E91:@ @5?59<;>@-:@@; -71E18191:@;2@41.>;-01>8-:0?/-<1 C4E:;@ .;>?@;6;5:E;A5:9-:-35:3E;A>-06;5:5:3 A>1919.1>@4-@E;A>8-:05?-8?;-4;91@; [email protected]?4-.A@@1>28E3->01:A@@1>2851?/-:.1 <>;<1>@51?2;>:-@5B1?<1/51? ;>9-8;/-8C5808521 Use permeable paving techniques rather than hard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10-10 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

Start a Home Garden 6 Encourage worms in your soil by avoiding harsh chemicals, occasional deep watering, What you grow yourself reduces what you need to ESTABLISH A COMPOST PILE and providing good organic material such as Recycle yard waste and kitchen scraps into buy at the store, may save you money, provides fresh compost. healthy vegetables and fruits, and reduces energy used fertilizer for your lawn and garden. Visit the 6 Establish a compost pile or bin. It reduces waste in transportation. Virginia Cooperative Extension website to in the landfill and can be used to fertilize your get started @ By using raised beds for vegetable gardens you can plants for free. Pick a level, shaded, well-drained http://pubs.ext./t.edu/426/426-703/426- limit the amount of soil that needs to be improved, area away from trees. 703.html#L1 tailor the growing conditions to the plants you 6 Use a hose to remove aphids, leafhoppers and choose, control drainage for efficient water usage, spider mites from plants. and reduce the compaction of the soil in the growing area. If accessibility is a concern, the raised 6 Water in the morning to reduce growth of beds can be constructed at a higher level to allow powdery mildew and other diseases that thrive everyone in the household to help. in humid conditions. 6 Diatomaceous earth, an organic white powder, is REDUCE CHEMICAL USAGE non-toxic to humans and pets and harmful to Healthy plants are less susceptible to pests and insects such as fleas, ticks, pillbugs, slugs, and disease and compost can help. Beneficial insects snails. and plants can keep harmful insects at bay, reduce the need for chemicals, and help reduce run-off LIGHTS that pollutes nearby rivers and streams. Check with your local garden center for more specific 6 Use a programmable timer or motion sensor for recommendations. outdoor lights. 6 Ladybugs eat aphids. Plant nectar-producing plants 6 Upgrade outdoor light fixtures to energy efficient such as daisies and alyssum and herbs such as models or solar-powered lights. Native plants, a fresh water source, and a bird feeder help attract native wildlife to a neighborhood yard. mint and dill to attract ladybugs. 6 Sage deters cabbage moths and flea beetles. 6 Garlic is a natural pest repellent. Typical Site Improvements 6 Bats provide natural pest control. Attract them On the following pages, Chesterfield’s typical mid-century home styles are illustrated on the size lots by adding a bat house, a water feature, and by typically found in these neighborhoods. Drawings highlight the possible improvements that a homeowner planting night-blooming native flowering plants can make to increase energy and water efficiency, adapt the property for handicap accessibility (universal such as evening primrose, nicotiana, and cleome. design) and incorporate green elements and recycling. A stop sign indicates when homeowners should check with the Planning and/or Building Inspections departments before making the improvement shown.

10-11 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency maximum code height for fence STOP

Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design STOP shed meets code

Check with Planning Dept. STOP trash recycling enclosure

shaded driveway

A/C unit enclosure

split drive minimizes paving

mulched and planted edging to front of yard

A Cape Cod Site - Front View 10-12 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency shade trees for driveway

Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design ramp UD STOP Check with Planning Dept.

trash and recycling enclosure

trees to shade parking

shed setback from side and rear

A Cape Cod Site - Rear View

10-13 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

LEGEND rear wooded lot Green/Energy Efficiency tMJNJUFEUSFFDVUUJOH tOBUVSBMMZPDDVSSJOHHSPVOEDPWFS tOBUJWFQMBOUTQFDJFTBOEXJMEMJGFIBCJUBU Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design

STOP Check with Planning Dept.

shed with rec. gear STOP obscured by landscaping

natural wood-tone STOP fencing mixed mulch colors and materials

trees to shade drive, parking area, and house

split drive

A Colonial Revival Site - Front View solar lighting

10-14 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency

Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design solar for hot water, STOP Check with Planning Dept. rain barrel for watering and water feature

A/C unit enclosure

water feature and bird feeders

natural wooded lot of native species

A Colonial Revival Site - Rear View

10-15 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

LEGEND A Minimal Traditional Site - Front View

Green/Energy Efficiency low maintenance ground cover plantings Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

Universal Design UD shed meets code STOP requirements fencing that meets STOP Check with Planning Dept. code requirements STOP potential area for parking R/Vs or other utilitarian water feature functions and obscured from front yard by fence and gate

ramp and hard surface STOP future curb cut for access to U rear yard by vehicle - VDOT D for handicap access to requires at least 5’ from ramp and yard features property line landscape to minimize visual impact of privacy fencing in front yard ground cover to create edge access drive to of yard and roadway remain grassy area

plants to minimize impact of driveway compact loose material for off-street parking

10-16 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency

obscure A/C units Water Efficiency from front rain barrels for garden Reduce/Reuse/Recycle and water feature

UD Universal Design shed setback from side UD STOP Check with Planning Dept. and rear

UD ramp compost

shade raised garden bed patio UD for accessibility by handicapped or seniors

fruit trees (edible landscape)

tTPMBSMJHIUJOH tSBJTFEFEHFBSPVOE water feature

A Minimal Traditional Site - Rear View

10-17 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

LEGEND entry walk regraded U for easier access by D Green/Energy Efficiency handicapped, seniors and children in strollers Water Efficiency wooded edge Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design

STOP Check with Planning Dept.

shade trees

landscape to minimize garage and driveway presence from street native species

shaded drive

A Ranch Site - Front View

10-18 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency

Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design

STOP Check with Planning Dept.

shaded deck and play area

wooded edge

garden and rain barrel

A Ranch Site - Rear View

10-19 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE

LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency

Water Efficiency shade tree Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design

STOP Check with Planning Dept.

shade tree rain barrel for watering

hedge as “living” fence

landscape to obscure shed and compost from front landscape to minimize presence of parking from street low maintenance flowering groundcover

crushed pea gravel driveway A Split Level Site - Front View style

10-20 CHAPTER 10: MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR SITE LEGEND

Green/Energy Efficiency

shade trees shade trees Water Efficiency

Reduce/Reuse/Recycle

UD Universal Design

STOP Check with Planning Dept.

compost

shed STOP

rain barrel for garden

hedge as “living” fence

open area for play/court

fruit trees garden with drip irrigation

A Split Level Site - Rear View pea gravel paths

10-21 Home Modernization Guide Appendix A

Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance Appendix A: Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance / Spring and Fall Checklist Maintenance Checklist Spring Maintenance Checklist FOR INFORMATION ON LEAD-BASED The following checklists are arranged by season, PAINT spring and fall, and divide typical maintenance Foundation, Walls & Trim Visit the Department of Housing and Urban chores by those seasons. Use your own best U Make sure water drains away from the house Development’s website: judgment for when certain tasks should be http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/ completed. For instance, if you want to check how U Check for unsecured vents and other openings well your gutters and downspouts are working, it program _ offices/healthy _ homes/ U Ensure the foundation vents are sealed and that the healthyhomes/lead is probably best to wait for a good rain to observe crawlspace vapor barrier and insulation are in good them. condition * Contact a professional before closing vents if your home has pre-existing standing water issues. The links below may be useful tools to help you manage maintenance chores and other aspects of U Remove any plant material growing on the foundation home ownership and improvement. (as needed)

Download maintenance calendars that will work with U Inspect siding and wood surfaces your computer’s calendar program. 6 Look for staining, wavy appearance, chalking, http://lifehacker.com/5844978/how-to-stop- damage, mold/mildew growth neglecting-your-home-and-keep-it-from-turning- 6 Look for sign of rust, rot and insect damage into-the-money-pit 6 Repair open joints (as needed) 6 Repaint wood surfaces every 5-10 years or as needed Home Spot provides a web-based place to store important information about your house (such as Doors & Windows paint colors and where you have things serviced), U Clean windows and repair storms/screens as needed helps you manage maintenance tasks, project planning, set reminders and alerts, and more. U Check operation of doors and windows http://www.homespothq.com/?AspxAutoDetect 6 Ensure that weep holes in metal windows and/or CookieSupport=1 storm windows are open 6 Lubricate and repair as needed

An additional checklist at the end of this section provides a few simple ideas to improve your home security and safety.

A-3 Appendix A: Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance / Spring and Fall Checklist

Spring Maintenance Checklist, cont. Appliances U Clean kitchen range hood screens as needed OPEN THE DAMPER? Roof, Gutters & Chimneys Leave the fireplace damper open in the U Clean dryer vents and screens spring and summer to improve ventilation. U Inspect condition of roof Close it when you turn on the air- 6 Look for warping, severe wear, cracking, lumps, U Clean dehumidifier coils, check operations, and replace filters as needed conditioning. curling, decay, loose, broken, or missing material 6 Inspect chimney for signs for sagging, leaning, or U Clean exhaust fan outlets and screens bowing, check brick and mortar for condition Pathways, Driveways & Lighting U Clean and inspect gutters and downspouts U Inspect pathways for uneven surfaces and sharp edges 6 Look for signs of rust U Ensure outdoor lights are working properly HOW LONG WILL IT LAST? 6 Make sure there are no holes, blockages, or U Replace bulbs and reset timers To find the average life expectancy of materials, disconnected components systems, and appliances, visit: 6 Check that gutters are sloped to prevent Decks & Fences http://www.demesne.info/Home- standing water U Inspect for signs of rot or insect damage, loose boards, Maintenance/Appliance-Life-Expectancy.htm 6 Ensure that splashblocks are properly placed to and projecting nails direct moisture away from foundation Plumbing & Electrical

Crawl Spaces, Sheds & U Check washing machine and dishwasher hoses for leaks

U Check for signs of water damage and dampness U Check refrigerator drip pan – icemaker connections

U Look for signs of infiltration by insects, bats, or rodents U Clean any outdoor drains

Heating & Cooling U Schedule inspection for central air/heat system

U Clean or replace filters as needed

U Vacuum air registers/return air vents/radiators

U Remove debris from around mechanical equipment such as heat pumps to ensure that air flows freely

U Remove covers on window A/C units or reinstall units

A-4 Appendix A: Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance / Spring and Fall Checklist

U Clean and inspect gutters and downspouts Fall Maintenance Checklist For more information on leaks and weather 6 Look for signs of rust Schedule fall service calls for chimney cleaning and stripping, see Chapter 2: Going Green: Save heating system service. 6 Make sure there are no holes, blockages, or Energy, Water, and Money! disconnected components Foundation, Walls & Trim 6 Check that gutters are sloped to prevent U Ensure the foundation vents are sealed and that the standing water crawlspace vapor barrier and insulation are in good 6 Ensure that splashblocks are properly placed to condition direct moisture away from foundation U Remove any plant material growing on the foundation 6 Consider installing gutter covers (as needed) FOR INFORMATION ON INSULATING Doors & Windows Crawl Spaces, Sheds & Attics YOUR CRAWLSPACE U Ensure that insulation is in place Visit the Department of Energy’s Energy U Look for signs of leaks and rot at window and door sills Savers website: and check that weatherstripping provides good seal U Check that fans exhaust to outdoors and that all http://www.energysavers.gov/your _ home/ U Look for broken glass, loose panes and whether glazing, ductwork connections are secure insulation _ airsealing/index.cfm/ stops and putty are secure U Check operation of garage door safety shut-off U Clean windows and repair storms/screens as needed U Look for signs of infiltration by insects, bats, or U Call a professional to help clean A/C coils and floor U Check operation of doors and windows rodents drains or pans 6 Ensure that weep holes in metal windows and/or Heating & Cooling storm windows are open U Remove or cover window A/C units U Schedule inspection for central air/heat system 6 Lubricate and repair as needed Appliances U Clean or replace filters as needed Roof, Gutters & Chimneys U Clean kitchen range hood screens as needed U Vacuum air registers/return air vents/radiators U Inspect condition of roof U Clean dryer vents and screens U Bleed radiators before turning boiler on for season 6 Check for loose or missing flashing around vents, chimney, and other openings U Clean outdoor air intakes and screens/louvers for gas- fired heat systems U Have chimney(s) inspected and cleaned by a professional chimneysweep U Remove debris from around mechanical equipment such as heat pumps to ensure that air flows freely

A-5 Appendix A: Inside and Out: Seasonal Maintenance / Spring and Fall Checklist

Fall Maintenance Checklist, cont. U Clean any outdoor drains Home Safety and Security U Check smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, and Pathways, Driveways & Lighting replace batteries. If you don’t have these lifesaving Checklist alarms, consider buying them and installing them now. U Seal cracks in sidewalks and driveways U Don’t hide keys outside. U Ensure that there is a properly functioning fire U Ensure outdoor lights are working properly U Don’t leave tools and ladders in your yard. They may extinguisher in an accessible location, in the kitchen come in handy for a would-be burglar. U Replace bulbs and reset timers and near any fireplaces. U Don’t post notes to friends or family members on Decks & Fences the outside of your house. This information may be U Inspect for signs of rot or insect damage, loose boards, read by someone for whom it was not intended and and projecting nails compromise your security.

U Seal deck U When you are away, have someone you trust pick- up your mail every day or have the post office stop Plumbing & Electrical delivery until you return. The same goes for newspapers and any other regular deliveries. Don’t “advertise” that U Check traps and drains under sinks, tubs, and showers you are not home via social media sites. for leaks U Use window locks on all first floor windows. They U Test ground fault interrupter (GFI) outlets provide security and help prevent air leaks.

U Check shower-tub surrounds for leaks U Purchase deadbolt locks for all doors. Don’t forget the U Check toilet supply/shut-off valve garage and any sliding glass doors.

U Check hot water heater for leaks U Consider placing a peephole (or two at varying heights) in your front door if you cannot readily see 6 Drain 2 gallons of water from water heater to who is standing there. remove sediment from bottom of tank U Install motion detector lights. One at the front of the U Check water main/meter for leaks or sweating house and one at the rear.

U Drain exterior faucets, hoses, and sprinkling systems U Consider an alarm system not only for your protection but it may lower your homeowner’s insurance premium.

A-6 Home Modernization Guide Appendix B

Online Resources Appendix B: Online Resources Online Resources American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) — www.aarp.org American Institute of Architects — http://architectfi nder.aia.org/ Antique Home (vintage house plans 1900-1960) – www.antiquehome.org Alliance to Save Energy — www.ase.org American Society of Interior Designers — www.asidforconsumers.org Appliance Life Expectancy – www.demesne.info/Home-Maintenance/Appliance-Life -expectancy.htm Better Business Bureau — www.richmond.bbb.org Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association — www.cellulose.org Central Virginia Waste Management Authority – www.cvwma.com Certified Aging In Place Specialists — www.nahb.org/caps Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings — www.aceee.org/consumerguide/ County of Chesterfield — www.chesterfield.gov Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency — www.dsireusa.org Energy Efficient Windows Collaborative (EWC) — www.efficientwindows.org/ Energy Efficient Building Association (EBBA) — www.eeba.org Energy Resource Guide for Virginia — www.energyguide.ext.vt.edu/ Energy Star (including energy efficiency tax credits) — www.energystar.gov Federal Emergency Management Administration – Ready America – www.ready.gov Home Builders Association of Virginia — www.hbav.com Home Maintenance Calendars – http://lifehacker.com/5844978/how-to-stop-neglecting-your-home-and- keep-it-from-turning-into-the-money-pit Insulation Contractors Association of America — www.insulate.org Insulation Fact Sheet — www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/insulation/ins_01.html International Code Council — www.iccsafe.org Interstate Renewable Energy Council — www.irecusa.org

B-2 Appendix B: Online Resources

Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden — www.lewisginter.org Maymont House and Gardens — www.maymont.org Mid Century Home Style (retro house plans 1937-1963) – midcenturyhomestyle.com Miss Utility – www.va811.com National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) — www.nahb.org National Association of the Remodeling Industry — www.nari.org National Audubon Society — www.audubon.org National Kitchen and Bath Association — www.nkba.org/ National Register of Historic Places — www.nps.gov/nr National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) — www.nfrc.org National Institute of Building Sciences — www.nibs.org/betechm.html NC State University, The Center for Universal Design — www.design.ncsu.edu/cud Online Home Information Storage – www.homespothq.com Richmond Region Energy Alliance – www.rrea-va.org Richmond Habitat for Humanity – www.richmondhabitat.org Sealing and Insulating Guide — www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=diy.diy_index Solar Fountains — www.solarwaterfountains.org Southface Energy Institute — www.southface.org U. S. Department of Energy — www.energy.gov/public-services U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development – portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/topics/home_improvements U. S. Environmental Protection Agency — www.epa.gov U. S. Green Building Council — www.usgbc.org Virginia Board for Contractors — www.dpor.virginia.gov Virginia Cooperative Extension (Chesterfield County office) — www.offices.ext.vt.edu/chesterfield Virginia Cooperative Extension publications — www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/ Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development — www.dhcd.virginia.gov

B-3 Appendix B: Online Resources

Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation – Board of Contractors – www.dpr.virginia.gov/Board/Contractors Virginia Housing and Development Authority — www.vhda.com Virginia Native Plant Society — www.vnps.org Virginia Office of Consumer Affairs — www.vdacs.virginia.gov/consumer Virginia Office of the Attorney General – www.oag.state.va.us/Consumer Protection

B-4 &KHVWHUILHOG Home Modernization Guide

Download This Guide At www.ChesterfieldRevitalization.com/guide/

Reference Copies of This Guide Are Available At The Following Locations in Chesterfield County

Chesterfield oC unty CCPLPublic Library