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Postgresql Replication Second Edition www.allitebooks.com PostgreSQL Replication Second Edition Leverage the power of PostgreSQL replication to make your databases more robust, secure, scalable, and fast Hans-Jürgen Schönig BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI www.allitebooks.com PostgreSQL Replication Second Edition Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: August 2013 Second edition: July 2015 Production reference: 1240715 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78355-060-9 www.packtpub.com www.allitebooks.com Credits Author Project Coordinator Hans-Jürgen Schönig Vijay Kushlani Reviewers Proofreader Swathi Kurunji Safis Editing Jeff Lawson Maurício Linhares Indexer Priya Sane Shaun M. Thomas Tomas Vondra Graphics Sheetal Aute Commissioning Editor Kartikey Pandey Production Coordinator Komal Ramchandani Acquisition Editor Larissa Pinto Cover Work Komal Ramchandani Content Development Editor Nikhil Potdukhe Technical Editor Manali Gonsalves Copy Editors Dipti Mankame Vikrant Phadke www.allitebooks.com About the Author Hans-Jürgen Schönig has 15 years of experience with PostgreSQL. He is the CEO of a PostgreSQL consulting and support company called Cybertec Schönig & Schönig GmbH (www.postgresql-support.de). It has successfully served countless customers around the globe. Before founding Cybertec Schönig & Schönig GmbH in 2000, he worked as a database developer at a private research company focusing on the Austrian labor market, where he primarily focused on data mining and forecast models. He has also written several books about PostgreSQL. This book is dedicated to all the members of the Cybertec family, who have supported me over the years and have proven to be true professionals. Without my fellow technicians here at Cybertec, this book would not have existed. I especially want to thank Ants Aasma for his technical input and Florian Ziegler for helping out with the proofreading and graphical stuff. Special thanks also go to my girl, Sonja Städtner, who has given me all the personal support. Somehow, she managed to make me go to sleep when I was up late at night working on the initial drafts. www.allitebooks.com About the Reviewers Swathi Kurunji is a software engineer at Actian Corporation. She recently completed her PhD in computer science from the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UMass Lowell), USA. She has a keen interest in database systems. Her PhD research involved query optimization, big data analysis, data warehousing, and cloud computing. Swathi has shown excellence in her field of study through research publications at international conferences and in journals. She has received awards and scholarships from UMass Lowell for research and academics. Swathi also has a master's of science degree in computer science from UMass Lowell and a bachelor's of engineering degree in information science from KVGCE in India. During her studies at UMass Lowell, she worked as a teaching assistant, helping professors in teaching classes and labs, designing projects, and grading exams. She has worked as a software development intern with IT companies such as EMC and SAP. At EMC, she gained experience on Apache Cassandra data modeling and performance analysis. At SAP, she gained experience on the infrastructure/cluster management components of the Sybase IQ product. She has also worked with Wipro Technologies in India as a project engineer, managing application servers. She has extensive experience with database systems such as Apache Cassandra, Sybase IQ, Oracle, MySQL, and MS Access. Her interests include software design and development, big data analysis, optimization of databases, and cloud computing. Her LinkedIn profile is http://www.linkedin.com/pub/swathi- kurunji/49/578/30a/. Swathi has previously reviewed two books, Cassandra Data Modeling and Analysis and Mastering Apache Cassandra, both by Packt Publishing. I would like to thank my husband and my family for all their support. www.allitebooks.com Jeff Lawson has been a user and fan of PostgreSQL since he noticed it in 2001. Over the years, he has also developed and deployed applications for IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, and others, but he has always preferred PostgreSQL because of its balance of features and openness. Much of his experience has spanned development for Internet-facing websites and projects that required highly scalable databases with high availability or provisions for disaster recovery. Jeff currently works as the director of software development at FlightAware, which is an airplane tracking website that uses PostgreSQL and other pieces of open source software to store and analyze the positions of thousands of flights that fly worldwide every day. He has extensive experience in software architecture, data security, and networking protocol design because of his roles as a software engineer at Univa/ United Devices, Microsoft, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and WolfeTech. He was a founder of distributed.net, which pioneered distributed computing in the 1990s, and continues to serve as the chief of operations and a member of the board. He earned a BSc in computer science from Harvey Mudd College. Jeff is fond of cattle, holds an FAA private pilot certificate, and owns an airplane in Houston, Texas. Maurício Linhares is a technical leader of the parsing and machine learning team at The Neat Company. At Neat, he helps his team scale their solutions on the cloud and deliver fast results to customers. He is the creator and maintainer of async, a Scala-based PostgreSQL database driver (https://github.com/mauricio/ postgresql-async), and has been a PostgreSQL user and proponent for many years. Shaun M. Thomas has been working with PostgreSQL since late 2000. He has presented at Postgres open conferences in 2011, 2012, and 2014 on topics such as handling extreme throughput, high availability, server redundancy, failover techniques, and system monitoring. With the recent publication of Packt Publishing's PostgreSQL 9 High Availability Cookbook, he hopes to make life easier for DBAs using PostgreSQL in enterprise environments. Currently, Shaun serves as the database architect at Peak6, an options trading firm with a PostgreSQL constellation of over 100 instances, one of which is over 15 TB in size. He wants to prove that PostgreSQL is more than ready for major installations. www.allitebooks.com Tomas Vondra has been working with PostgreSQL since 2003, and although he had worked with various other databases—both open-source and proprietary—he instantly fell in love with PostgreSQL and the community around it. He is currently working as an engineer at 2ndQuadrant, one of the companies that provide support, training, and other services related to PostgreSQL. Previously, he worked as a PostgreSQL specialist for GoodData, a company that operates a BI cloud platform built on PostgreSQL. He has extensive experience with performance troubleshooting, tuning, and benchmarking. In his free time, he usually writes PostgreSQL extensions or patches, or he hacks something related to PostgreSQL. www.allitebooks.com www.PacktPub.com Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more For support files and downloads related to your book, please visit www.PacktPub.com. Did you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub files available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at www.PacktPub. com and as a print book customer, you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy. Get in touch with us at [email protected] for more details. At www.PacktPub.com, you can also read a collection of free technical articles, sign up for a range of free newsletters and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks. TM https://www2.packtpub.com/books/subscription/packtlib Do you need instant solutions to your IT questions? PacktLib is Packt's online digital book library. Here, you can search, access, and read Packt's entire library of books. Why subscribe? • Fully searchable across every book published by Packt • Copy and paste, print, and bookmark content • On demand and accessible via a web browser Free access for Packt account holders If you have an account with Packt at www.PacktPub.com, you can use this to access PacktLib today and view 9 entirely free books. Simply use your login credentials for immediate access. www.allitebooks.com Table of Contents Preface xi Chapter 1: Understanding the Concepts of Replication 1 The CAP theorem and physical limitations of replication 2 Understanding the CAP theorem 2 Understanding the limits of physics 4 Different types of replication 5 Synchronous versus asynchronous replication
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