Critical Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities
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Livre de Lyon Academic Works of Livre de Lyon Social, Humanity and Administrative Sciences 2020 Critical Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities Mehmet Sarioglan Balikesir University, [email protected] Sercan Hamza Bağlama Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey, [email protected] Semih Eker Bursa Uludag University, [email protected] Yunus Koç Muş Alparslan University, [email protected] Gökhan Topluk Muş Alparslan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/soc_hum_ad_sci See next page for additional authors Part of the Accounting Commons, Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Communication Commons, Counseling Commons, Finance and Financial Management Commons, Geography Commons, History Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sarioglan, Mehmet; Bağlama, Sercan Hamza; Eker, Semih; Koç, Yunus; Topluk, Gökhan; Bakıner, Ayça; Koç, Çilem Tuğba; Koca, Gözde; Eğilmez, Özüm; Gönüllüoğlu, Sevgi; Yılmaz Alarçin, Eda; Köylüoğlu, A. Selçuk; Çerçi, H. Serhat; Kurban, Vefa; Ergün, Oğuzhan; Arslan, Ferhat; Yasak, Üzeyir; Özdemir, Hüseyin Melih; Özav, Lütfi; urK ekli, Recep; Çavuş, Canan Zehra; Taşpinar, Oguz; and Kumbasar, Banu, "Critical Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities" (2020). Social, Humanity and Administrative Sciences. 26. https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/soc_hum_ad_sci/26 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Livre de Lyon, an international publisher specializing in academic books and journals. Browse more titles on Academic Works of Livre de Lyon, hosted on Digital Commons, an Elsevier platform. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Mehmet Sarioglan, Sercan Hamza Bağlama, Semih Eker, Yunus Koç, Gökhan Topluk, Ayça Bakıner, Çilem Tuğba Koç, Gözde Koca, Özüm Eğilmez, Sevgi Gönüllüoğlu, Eda Yılmaz Alarçin, A. Selçuk Köylüoğlu, H. Serhat Çerçi, Vefa Kurban, Oğuzhan Ergün, Ferhat Arslan, Üzeyir Yasak, Hüseyin Melih Özdemir, Lütfi Özav, Recep Kurekli, Canan Zehra Çavuş, Oguz Taşpinar, and Banu Kumbasar This book is available at Academic Works of Livre de Lyon: https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/soc_hum_ad_sci/ 26 Critical Studies in SOCIAL SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES SCIENCES AND Critical Studies in HUMANITIES Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Sarıoğlan livredelyon.com Dr. Sercan Hamza Bağlama ISBN: 978-2-38236-066-8 Social livredelyon livredelyon livredelyon Critical Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Sarıoğlan Asst. Prof. Dr. Sercan Hamza Bağlama Lyon 2020 Editors • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Sarıoğlan 0000-0003-4343-1225 Asst. Prof. Dr. Sercan Hamza Bağlama 0000-0002-3361-6616 Cover Design • Aruull Raja First Published • December 2020, Lyon ISBN: 978-2-38236-066-8 © copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the publisher’s permission. The chapters in this book have been checked for plagiarism by Publisher • Livre de Lyon Address • 37 rue marietton, 69009, Lyon France website • http://www.livredelyon.com e-mail • [email protected] PREFACE Social Sciences and Humanities might seem to deal with different subject matters in different fields; however, they basically attempt to engage with key ideas and arguments which would help broaden our horizons and profoundly shape our lives. It is, therefore, of immense significance to increase the level of support that these two academic fields receive and to contribute them academically. This book, in this specific context, attempts to provide critical insights into new trends in a wide range of academic disciplines including literature, education, political sciences, philosophy, psychology, and cultural studies. It also aims to create a platform in order to facilitate, motivate and encourage cooperation around the shared values of scientific and academic rationality and freedom in the digital age. We believe that this book will make a great contribution to the literature since it is a unique combination of expertise and hard work and consists of interdisciplinary academic studies by valuable academics across distinctive academic fields. We herewith would like to state that we owe a special debt of gratitude to all our contributors for their generosity with time and patience and that this volume would not have been possible without their support and effort. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Sarıoğlan & Dr. Sercan Hamza Bağlama I II CONTENTS PREFACE....………………………………………………………….....I REFEREES……………………………………………………………..V Chapter I S. Eker THE EFFECT OF MACHIAVELLIAN ATTITUDE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION…………………...………………….…...1 Chapter II S. H. Bağlama INTERSECTIONALITY IN ZADIE SMITH'S FICTION: RACE, GENDER AND CLASS....................................21 Chapter III Y. Koç & G. Topluk PAVESTONES OF THE PATH LEADING TO THOMAS HOBBES: IMPRESSIONS LEFT BY ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHERS ON MARSILIUS OF PADUA…….39 Chapter IV A. Bakıner INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION………..………......57 Chapter V Ç. T. Koç INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION: AN ANALYSIS OF DISCUSSION PROGRAMS ON TV REGARDING COVID-19 OUTBREAK…………….. 75 Chapter VI G. Koca & Ö. Eğilmez & S. Gönüllüoğlu TRANSITION TO POST-PANDEMIC WORLD: ISM- MICMAC ANALYSIS OF THE AFTER-EFFECTS BASED ON ANXIETY FACTORS…………………...93 Chapter VII E. Yılmaz Alarçin BRAND GENDER....................................................................111 Chapter VIII A. S. Köylüoğlu & H. S. Çerçi A LITERATURE STUDY on SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONDUCTED with PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES in NEUROMARKETING..………....121 Chapter IX V. Kurban & O. Ergün MILLENNIAL PAIN IN THE TRANS-CAUCASUS AND AZERBAIJAN………………………………………..149 Chapter X F. Arslan & Ü. Yasak CERTIFIED GREEN MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS IN TURKEY: AN EVALUATION OF THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION……………........173 Chapter XI H. M. Özdemir & L. Özav & Ü. Yasak THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS IN THE URBANIZATION OF ETİMESGUT…………………....................................193 Chapter XII R. Kurekli THE EFFECTS OF THE SUEZ CANAL AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE LIGHTHOUSES ON THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN TRADE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY…………………………………………...219 Chapter XIII C. Z. Çavuş AN ALTERNATIVE FIELD IN TOURISM GEOGRAPHY: ESPORTS TOURISM………......................................231 Chapter XIV O. Taşpinar AWARENESS, RECOGNITION AND IMAGE RELATIONS EVALUATION OF WINE, IN TERMS OF GASTRONOMY TOURISM; A STUDY ON FIRST CLASS RESTAURANTS IN ISTANBUL..................253 Chapter XV B. Kumbasar MESSAGE DESIGN IN HEALTH COMMUNICATION: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK……………………273 IV REFEREES Prof. Dr. İsmet Akova, İstanbul University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem Palabıyık, Bitlis Eren University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Asker, Karabük University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferhat Arslan, Celal Bayar University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Deniz, Uşak University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Meltem Erdoğan, Anadolu University Asst. Prof. Dr. Duygu Özsoy, Atatürk University Inst. Dr. Petek Tosun, MEF University VI CHAPTER I THE EFFECT OF MACHIAVELLIAN ATTITUDE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION Semih Eker (Lecturer PhD) Bursa Uludağ University e-mail: [email protected] 0000-0002-0017-8437 INTRODUCTION Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian statesman and political thinker who lived in the 16th century. He observed political relations and wanted to share his experience with the Florentine Republic statesman Lorenzo De Medici. The Prince (1513-1984) and The Discourses (1531-1984) are his famous books, especially The Prince contains his political recommendations. According to Machiavelli, “a prince who wishes to retain his power must learn not to be good, and to use, or not to use, that ability according to necessity” (Machiavelli, 2008: 255). The prince should not see himself bound by any value, morality or metaphysics. Because of circumstances will force him, he will have to act in the opposite way to higher values. So, “it is useful to seem faithful, frank, humane, compassionate and pious… thus he needs a flexible mind…” (Machiavelli, 2008: 283). If we look briefly from Machiavelli’s point of view we see that there were no previous right or wrong political behaviors, but successful or unsuccessful political behaviors in terms of the benefits provided by the results. Today, Machiavelli’s political thoughts and advices are known as Machiavellianism. Machiavellians are people who act in their own interest and that ethics are not the main driving force in their actions (Robinson & Shaver, 1973). Machiavellians can manipulate others and use tools in their own hands or in their environment to achieve their goals, so they can act morally or immorally, simultaneously or depending on the situation. In a given situation, Machiavellians are ethically conscious of what is right or wrong, but they are cynical, unscrupulous, cunning, manipulative, cynical, deceitful, amoral and ruthless for their ends (Yunus et al., 2012; Paal & Bereczkei, 2007). They calculate their personal interest and decide to act on their own strategies and they are flexible enough to change their way of action and their means. Christie and & Geis (1970), the Mach IV scale they developed, measured the Machiavellian personality of the students and found that the high Machiavellians were more persuasive,