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The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy Written by William James Edited & Published by 1 Publisher’s Notes This edition is a derivative work of ―The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy”, written by William James. William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was also trained as a physician. The first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, James was one of the leading thinkers of the late nineteenth century and is believed by many to be one of the most influential philosophers the United States has ever produced, while others have labelled him the "Father of American psychology". PDFBooksWorld’s eBook editors have carefully edited the electronic version of this book with the goal of restoring author’s original work. Please let us know if we made any errors. We can be contacted at our website by email through this contact us page link. Original content of this eBook is available in public domain and it is edited and published by us under a creative commons license (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Source: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26659.txt.utf-8 Copyright rules and laws for accessing public domain contents vary from country to country. Be sure to check whether this book is in public domain in the country you are located. This link may help you to find the public domain status of this eBook in your country. This eBook is free for non commercial purpose only, and can be downloaded for personal use from our website at http://www.pdfbooksworld.com. You are encouraged to share and link to the pages of our website through websites, blogs and social networking Medias. However you may not store or transmit the PDF files (except the preview editions) downloaded from our website in any form for commercial use. 2 Table of Contents The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy ........................................ 1 Publisher’s Notes ............................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .............................................................................................. 3 PREFACE. .......................................................................................................... 5 THE WILL TO BELIEVE. ....................................................................................... 10 I. ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 II. ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 III. .................................................................................................................................................... 14 IV. .................................................................................................................................................... 15 V. ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 VI. .................................................................................................................................................... 17 VII. ................................................................................................................................................... 19 VIII. .................................................................................................................................................. 20 IX. .................................................................................................................................................... 22 X. ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 IS LIFE WORTH LIVING? ..................................................................................... 29 I ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 II. ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 III. .................................................................................................................................................... 35 IV. .................................................................................................................................................... 41 THE SENTIMENT OF RATIONALITY. ..................................................................... 49 I. .................................................................................................................... 49 REFLEX ACTION AND THEISM. ............................................................................. 77 MEMBERS OF THE MINISTERS' INSTITUTE: ..................................................................................... 77 THE DILEMMA OF DETERMINISM. ........................................................................ 98 THE MORAL PHILOSOPHER AND THE MORAL LIFE. ............................................. 122 3 I. .................................................................................................................................................... 123 II. ................................................................................................................................................... 125 III. .................................................................................................................................................. 130 IV. .................................................................................................................................................. 136 V. ................................................................................................................................................... 137 GREAT MEN AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT............................................................. 141 THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUALS. ................................................................. 165 ON SOME HEGELISMS. ...................................................................................... 170 WHAT PSYCHICAL RESEARCH HAS ACCOMPLISHED. ........................................... 193 4 To My Old Friend, CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE, To whose philosophic comradeship in old times and to whose writings in more recent years I owe more incitement and help than I can express or repay. {vii} PREFACE. At most of our American Colleges there are Clubs formed by the students devoted to particular branches of learning; and these clubs have the laudable custom of inviting once or twice a year some maturer scholar to address them, the occasion often being made a public one. I have from time to time accepted such invitations, and afterwards had my discourse printed in one or other of the Reviews. It has seemed to me that these addresses might now be worthy of collection in a volume, as they shed explanatory light upon each other, and taken together express a tolerably definite philosophic attitude in a very untechnical way. Were I obliged to give a short name to the attitude in question, I should call it that of radical empiricism, in spite of the fact that such brief nicknames are nowhere more misleading than in philosophy. I say 'empiricism,' because it is contented to regard its most assured conclusions concerning matters of fact as hypotheses liable to modification in the course of future experience; and I say 'radical,' because it treats the doctrine of monism itself as an hypothesis, and, {viii} unlike so much of the half-way empiricism that is current under the name of positivism or agnosticism or scientific naturalism, it does not dogmatically affirm monism as something with which all experience has got to square. The difference between monism and pluralism is perhaps the most pregnant of all the differences in philosophy. Primâ facie the world is a pluralism; as we find it, its unity seems to be that of any collection; and our higher thinking consists chiefly of an effort to redeem it from that first crude form. Postulating 5 more unity than the first experiences yield, we also discover more. But absolute unity, in spite of brilliant dashes in its direction, still remains undiscovered, still remains a Grenzbegriff. "Ever not quite" must be the rationalistic philosopher's last confession concerning it. After all that reason can do has been done, there still remains the opacity of the finite facts as merely given, with most of their peculiarities mutually unmediated and unexplained. To the very last, there are the various 'points of view' which the philosopher must distinguish in discussing the world; and what is inwardly clear from one point remains a bare externality and datum to the other. The negative, the alogical, is never wholly banished. Something—"call it fate, chance, freedom, spontaneity, the devil, what you will"—is still wrong and other and outside and unincluded, from your point of view, even though you be the greatest of philosophers. Something is always mere fact and givenness; and there may be in the whole universe no one point of view extant from which this would not be found to be the case. "Reason," as a gifted writer says,
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