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a -newsletter on rural - X water and sanitatiop in India C Public Disclosure Authorized Every household counts Ensuring community participation in Orissa t is not difficult to understand operational through the collective Gram Vikas initiated its program by why the 67 villages covered by efforts of the villagers. There are providing proper waste disposal, the Rural Health and Education no conflicts over water and no effective drainage systems and Program (RHEP) in Orissa have significant problems operating and safe drinking water. Success become favored destinations maintaining the schemes. in the field of health and The approach of Gram Vikas is sanitation soon led to demands Public Disclosure Authorized for prospective brides. The initroduction of water and sanitation based on the participation of for other changes and eventually facilities by a local NGO, every member of the community to people's involvement in a Gram Vikas, in collaboration with and the creation of local multitude of development the community, has enhanced the institutional mechanisms to activities, such as housing, quality of life, improved health ensure sustainability of the project. community infrastructure, conditions and reduced the Ownership and stakes are built education and livelihood programs. cdrudgery of collecting water. The by ensuring that all households The water and sanitation success of the scheme is contribute financially to the program is based on the principle Evidlent - Gram Vikas no longer development of infrastructure of total coverage. Sanitation provides support to many of these and operation and maintenance infrastructure (a separate toilet and villages, yet the schemes are fully oi the scheme. bathing room for each family) is The RHEP established and piped water Public Disclosure Authorized a ~~~~~~initiative began in supplied to every household in the | 1992 covering 337 village. All families must prepare a vlages in Ganjam toilet/bathing room before t;- ." __2 ~~~~~~~andBargarh Gram Vikas begins intervention. ~< districts of Orissa. Construction is on a cost sharing EveryToday Gram basis. A typical household g c p coversi 67 sVikas sanitation facility (latrine and villages in the most bathroom) costs approximately why the 67 villages covered by effortsofthevillbackward districts Rs 4,000 depending on the type of theRural Health and Education no conflicts overof the state. When material used. Gram Vikas for prospective bndes. TheTheapproacthe program began, contributes around Rs 2,500 and Itouto othere was a the household contributes the rest. fac-lits by a local NGO, every member complete absence Similarly, the community Gramtof Iclot wt ahygiene and contributes about 30 percent of the sanitation, and no capital cost of setting up a piped Public Disclosure Authorized source of clean and water supply system.' Poorer safe drinking water. families can offer material or labor sce oUsing health and as their contribution. h - kriene as an entry To ensure the commitment of The community participates inlaying pipelines point to improve the the community to the project, (r underthe RHEP lives of the people, clear-cut financial responsibilities 'A project supplying water to60 families with a30,000-liter water tankand 120ftborewellcosts approximatelytRs 150000 Jalvaani and contributions from the community for the maintenance fund are agreed to before ___ intervention can start. Each village X.4 decides its own method for 1 0 collection to cover the repair and maintenance of pumps and the salary of the pump operator .' '- (Rs 300 - 500 per month). The current m'aintenance cost of RHEP- facilities is an average of Rs 500 per family per year. Again, the - poorer families contribute labor t and materials as their share. Communities evolve penalties for families violating the norms. The program generates c employment opportunities and ensures sustainability by training local youth in masonry and plumbing, and to operate the pumps and maintain the pipelines. demand-responsive, village manage and maintain their Minor repairs are attended to executive committees with equal facilities and ensure sustainability locally. To optimize the use of local representation of men and women of the project even after external resources and ensure total are elected by the community. assistance is withdrawn coverage, the technology package These are registered legal entities. For further information, contact has been demystified and Women's participation in village Gram Vikas a standardized design for the committees has enhanced their Mohuda Village Via Behrampur toilet and bathroom is promoted. role in decision-making and given Orissa 760 002 A critical factor for project them a greater standing in the Fax: 91-0680-209754 e-mail: info@~gramvikas.org sustainability is the institution of a community. Women have also been Web site: www.gramvikas.org corpus fund. All families contribute encouraged to set up savings an average of Rs 1,000 to the fund, groups, which have, in many cases, SANISAT which is used for water and become credit delivery mechanisms. _/ sanitation activities. Since Today, the successful r To meet the 2015 contribution to the fund is completion of projects has Ij 1 development target of mandatory, the richer families generated a demand from ' halving the fraction of subsidize poorer families or part neighboring villages for the the population without support is extended from the introduction of similar schemes. access to services community fund Gram Vikas is now poised to in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Setting up the corpus fund has extend the program to a critical Caribbean, the number of people led to enhanced village unity as all 1 percent of the poorest families in served by water supply must increase families are shareholders in the Orissa over the next ten years by by sanitation must Increase by fund and have an equal stake in replicating the model and 2.2 billion (59%). decision-making. Communities influencing government and For water, this means providing now work together, negotiate with non-government agencies to services for an additional 107 million each other and other players, and implement the program. Links with people each year, or 292,000 every build independent institutions. local government could also be day, until 2015 Success in constructing and explored to upscale this initiative. For sanitation, services must be managing their own sanitation and Although the program has been provided for an additional 145 million water supply systems has fostered initiated by an NGO, this 397,000 every day, until 2015. a strong community spirit and experience has shown that once Source Global Water Supply and greater self-confidence. systems are in place and local Sanitatlon Assessment, 2002 Report, To ensure that local voices institutions developed, WHO/UNICEF are heard and the scheme is communities can successfully 0diwh Jalvaani editorial NIEWS BRIEFS Shri Meenakshi- With the growing scarcity of water In the country sundaram was earlier there is an urgent need to implement sustainable water NEW MINISTER FOR Additional Secretary, and sanitation schemes. In this issue of Jalvaani we share RIJRAL DEVELOPMENT Department of Space. experiences of Implementation of projects from across Shri Shanta Kumar has WATER the country which could be of value to stakeholders in the joined as Minister of Rural MEDIA NETWORK sector Community-managed piped water schemes were Development, Government established in Uttar Pradesh as far back as the 1960s. Of India. Prior to this Shri The Water Media This issue reviews the key factors that led to the partial ofanda Por ths r Network is designed to success and eventual failure of these schemes. Lessons Shanta Kumar was help journalists examine from these experiences could inform the current Minister of Consumer the social, environmental, demand-responsive projects that are being implemented. Distribution, Government regulatory and financial In Orissa, Gram Vikas has achieved notable success by oiIndia U an d Chioef Minter issues relating to water, and supporting the establishment of water and sanitation ol India and Chief Minister understand the difference schemes in every household in 67 villages in 15 backward oi Himachal Pradesh. that water can make to the districts of the state Their experience has shown that Shri Shanta Kumar economy in their region. community participation and involvement are essential for takes over from Shi The programn features long-term sustainability Although Gram Vikas has M. Venkaiah Naidu. workshops, field visits and withdrawn support after Initial handholding, most NEW SECRETARY, distance learning courses. schemes have continued to operate successfully due to DEPARTMENT This initiative is a the sense of ownership which is developed at the OF DRINKING program of the World inception of the project WATER SUPPLY Water Council's 3rd World While there have been pockets of success In Shri S.S. Meenakshi- Water Forum, and is Implementing demand-responsive schemes, progress of sundaram has taken over funded by the governments the sector reforms program has been patchy. A national from Shri A K. Goswami of the Netherlands and conference was organized recently, under the as Secretary, Department Japan, and the World Bank chairmanship of the former Minister for Rural of Drinking Water Supply, Institute. These activities Development, Shn M Venkalah Naidu, to assess Ministry of Rural will lead up to the coverage and identify bottlenecks Through deliberations Development. Shri