The Class of 1964 Policy Research Shop —Celebrating 10 Years of Service to New Hampshire and Vermont— ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES IN VERMONT Creating Incentives for Market Growth Presented to the Agency of Transportation and Energy of Vermont PRS Policy Brief 1617-05 March 10, 2017 Prepared By: Estephanie Aquino Eric Jung Daniel Shlien Andrew Weckstein Tianhao Zhang This report was written by undergraduate students at Dartmouth College under the direction of professors in the Rockefeller Center. Policy Research Shop (PRS) students produce non-partisan policy analyses and present their findings in a non-advocacy manner. The PRS is fully endowed by the Dartmouth Class of 1964 through a class gift in celebration of its 50th Anniversary given to the Center. This endowment ensures that the Policy Research Shop will continue to produce high-quality, non-partisan policy research for policymakers in New Hampshire and Vermont. The PRS was previously funded by major grants from the U.S. Department of Education, Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE) and from the Ford Foundation and by initial seed grants from the Surdna Foundation and the Lintilhac Foundation. Since its inception in 2005, PRS students have invested more than 50,000 hours to produce more than 130 policy briefs for policymakers in New Hampshire and Vermont. Contact: Nelson A. Rockefeller Center, 6082 Rockefeller Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 http://rockefeller.dartmouth.edu/shop/ • Email:
[email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2 2. CONTEXT 2 2.1 CLIMATE AND ENERGY GOALS OF VERMONT 2 2.2 ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES IN VERMONT 3 2.2.1 What are ZEVs? 3 2.2.2 Benefits of ZEV Ownership 3 2.2.3 Current State of Vermont ZEV Market 3 2.3 ZEV PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION 4 2.3.1 Vermont Compliance with ZEV MOU Objectives 4 2.3.2 Vermont ZEV Action Plan 4 2.3.3 Current Purchase Incentives for ZEVs in Vermont 5 2.4 CHALLENGES TO MEETING ZEV SALES REQUIREMENTS 5 3.