AN ACCOUNT the Nobler Effects of Real Patriotism
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ANTIQUITIES IN FORFARSHIRE. 15 the minutest circumstances which refer to his own country, or to the place of his nativity, but from that love that he bears to his native soil ? The same principle which influences him in these more limited inquiries, will, when a little farther extended, produce AN ACCOUNT the nobler effects of real patriotism. Influenced by this generous principle, individuals are often impelled to more gallant and glorious or actions than could ever have proceeded from a regard to personal fame. The illiterate soldier or seaman, whose name is buried in SOME REMAINS OF ANTIQUITY IN FORFARSHIRE. oblivion, cheerfully consents to this sacrifice, if it be subservient to the honour of his beloved country. It may be said, perhaps, that the study of etymology would be Communicated to the Society by Dr Jamieson. less of a conjectural nature, were it directed by some general rules. In every branch of literature there must be exceptions from these; but, in ordinary cases, they are by no means to be neglected. One thing that should be particularly attended to, in this study, is the THE etymology of the names of places, if not a necessary branch, existing, or the original; language of the country. In consequence is certainly an useful appendage, of history. While it relieves the of disregarding this rule, ingenious men have often bewildered mind of the reader, often fatigued by attending to a narrative that themselves ;in seeking an obscure and uncertain etymon, while in general only exhibits the vices of man, and their fatal effects,—it they rejected that which was most simple and obvious. may also throw light on circumstances which are greatly ob- • It may be occasionally necessary to trace the origin of some scured by fable, or rendered uncertain by a variety of contradictory f^in'eS^pl^^-'la-ilIart]^i[^6:^i«6nf^frbm whom they have been relations. The etymology of names, still in use, frequently proves at boitbvred; >-'<But-tKiiifW6dg''-%j^ul^de^-tt»iti^':fiaa(na^ed with the least a collateral evidence of the truth of historical facts to which greatest 'cairtidn> Ifr ^ M •"fe&erjltfttf pVerequisite, that we know they allude. Illustrations of this nature are, it must be acknowledg- from authentic records the7 teal existence of such persons, before ed, often far-fetched, and the conclusions deduced from them mere- we make the names 6f places to originate from them. It may be ly conjectural. But though this branch of study should, in many asserted, with some degree of confidence, that personal or family cases, be rejected by the more fastidious historian, it is an ample designations are more generally borrowed from places, than local field for amusement, and often a source of real information to the an- names from persons. Inattention to this fact has occasioned the per- tiquary; especially when it regards scenes with which he is peculiarly plexity of historians, in investigating the names, and in tracing the conversant. Whence has a man so much pleasure in knowing even first inhabitants, of the countries they have described. Former 16 AN ACCOUNT OP SOME REMAINS OF AXTIQUITY IiV FORFARSHIRE. historians have derived the denominations of countries from persons «* brethren, Angusian and Mernan; by reason whereof, the one part celebrated as illustrious in fabulous legends. The compilers of " of the same country was called Angus, and the other the Mernes" these legends, being themselves, at a loss for the origin of names, This is the account borrowed by Hollinshed from Boece.* The have either borrowed them from remote and uncertain tradition, same is materially given by Buchanan. f But it seems more or conjured up fictitious persons for their present necessity, that natural to suppose that the name Angus is derived from Gaelic, they ..might not seem at a loss to contribute to the honour of their and compounded of two words, an and visg, which signify " the country. Thus, characters, that never had an existence save in " water," or " the Esk;" as great part of it is situated on two rivers, the imagination, of bards, have been celebrated in the legends of which stHl bear this designation. It is worthy of remark, that, even succeeding ages, been adopted by credulous writers, and have ob- in our own time, these rivers are sometimes called by their original scured the path of the careful historian of more enlightened times. name of Esk ; and often also distinguished, the Gaelic word being For the origin of the names of particular places, it will be some- translated, by the appellation of " the south" and " the north water." times necessary to refer to historical facts. When we certainly know To this source the very name Horestia has been traced. By the reality of a fact related in history, the continuance of a name, Tacitus, the inhabitants of this part of Scotland are called Horesti± descriptive of it, may determine the place where it has happened, or, as many learned men apprehend it ought to be read, Hore&ci; which would be otherwise uncertain. Or, if we have not certain which has been derived from the British Gor wuc,—signifying evidence of the reality of an event, a name transmitted through, nothing more than the country « above the Esk," or " the river." many generations, -that had no, idea of compiling; the history of their, The inhabitants of Angus are by Ptolemy called Tcexali, which, country, and could have had no design to impose upon posterity,— according to the opinion of the learned Baxter, has a similar origin! will contribute no small degree of evidence to the reality of the " Quid enim Tvxali, sive Tiscali, nisi Tisc heli, quod est aqua salsa? event itself. The most of our early historians have derived the " De aqua igitur salsa, sive mari, Tvxali appellati sunt. Flumen names of places from supposed illustrious persons; taking for " igitur TtKsszs siva Isca o-w^-j^s etiam Tcexalis sive Tiscalis appel- granted, on bare tradition, the very questionable existence of such " latum videtur de salso aestuario et marina aqua. Novimus autem persons. We have an evidence of this in the ancient, and stiJl most "hodie geminam dici Iscam in isto pOpulo, Borealem scilicet et common, name, by which this county is kno.wn. " Australem." Vid. Glossarium Antiquitatum Britannicarum, in It is pretended; that the ancient name of that territory, which verb. Horesci et Tcexali. included the shire of Forfar, was, Horestia, or Forestia ; and that The. head town of the county is Forfar. An ingenious friend Kenneth II., sumamed M'Alpia, " after the overthrow of the Picts, conjectures that this place may have derived its name from Gaelic "gave new names to every district, that the memory of the fuar, cold, chilly, and bar, in its constructed state, bfiar, or var « Pictish names might end together with the inhabitants; and that * Hist, of Scotl. p. 177, Lend. Ed. 1577. * the country, anciently called Horesiia, was given untoi two* Lib. i. c.-fi. t In Vit. Agricolse. C 18 AN ACCOUNT OF SOME REMAINS OP ANTIQUITY IN FORFARSHIRE. 19 a point, qu. " the cold point." By the inhabitants of the country kings of Scotland to the Thanes of Glamis, now Earls of Strath- it is invariably pronounced Farfar. It is certainly a place of more. There were then three islands, or, as they are called, great antiquity.* Hollinshed makes mention of the castle of Inches. Besides that on which the castle stood, there was one, Forfar as existing in the time of Agricola, who was sent into which still bears the name of Queen Margaret's Inch; another Britain in the reign of Vespasian. He informs us that Galde was called the West Inch. They seem all to have been in some (the same who is called by Tacitus Galgacus), with Garnarde and degree fortified. Queen Margaret's still' exhibits the founda- Gildo, " went vnto the castle of Forfare, there to consulte with tions of a castle, or, according to others, of a kind of pleasure-house. " the captaines and gouernours of theyr menne of war, how to A considerable part of the building was standing about twenty years " mayntaine themselues in their enterprise against the enemie."f ago, and also an oven, that was almost entire. Perhaps there is But Hollinshed had no better evidence than that of Boece for the not a curiosity of the same kind in Britain, at least of its size, as existence of Forfar in so early an age. Posterior to this event, this it is wholly of an artificial nature. Vast piles of oak have been castle .seems to have been a place of considerable consequence, as driven into the loch, which in this place, and in the neighbour- parliaments were often held here. It was indeed a royal residence ; hood of it, is very deep. These have been covered by prodigious and never belonged to any private person. It would appear that quantities of stones, indiscriminately heaped upon each other, with it was one of the principal mansions of Malcolm Canmore. It was a considerable stratum of earth above all. The stakes are still situated on the north side of what is now the town; but there are to be seen in many places of the island, not only on the verge of no. remains of it. The place where it stood, which still bears the it, as if they had been meant merely to serve the purpose of a name of the Castlehill, is now occupied as garden ground. It is fence, but near the centre, where the earth has been washed said to have been demolished by Wallace, lest the English should away; so .that it is an indisputable fact that it has been entire- use it as a place of strength ; and it is admitted that it was never ly forced.