INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

111WINTER 1 999

THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 95 pence FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Chatham 1999 o Lion Saltworks o Conferences o Mystery photos Internet heritage o Farnborough aviation o Publications o Regional News AIA Conference 1999

This year's conference was held at Greenwich end! All returned to this site in the evening for an University's Chatham campus, on a chunk of the excellent conference dinner in the Wheelwrights' old naval base, to enjoy a wide range of visits in restaurant. INDUSTRIAL the county of Kent. Sunday started with the AGM at which the President demoted himself to Chairman, and ARCHAEOLOGY Roger Ford Council disbanded to be replaced by a much smaller 111 one. Next came the awards presentations (reported NEWS The Friday seminar day, ananged by Tim Smith, elsewhere), and so to the highlight of the morning. Winter 1999 garnered a very good attendance, with the morning An outstanding Rolt memorial Lecture was session devoted to the Thames estuary, and a delivered by Professor Alan Crocker on early water choice for the afternoon slots between a London turbines of the nineteenth century. The lecture Chairman Dr Michael Hanison theme and brewing. Careful co-ordination of the finished in soectacular fashion with a home-made l9 Sandles Close, The Ridings, Droitwich Spa, WR9 8RB afternoon's timing enabled delegates to switch demonstration model set up on a flower pot in a between each. Vice-Chairman Dr Marilyn Palmer Following the conference welcome, there was School of Archaeological Studies, The University, Leicester a thorough introductory talk by Bob Ratcliffe of LEl 7RH Rochester Historical Society, and indeed to many Secretary of us the 1999 conference will be remembered as David Alderton Bob's conference. Every day he led a trip, whilst 48 Street, Halesworth, Suffolk lP1 9 8EY Quay on the Tuesday evening in an introduction to Treasurer Wednesday's Medway valley excursions, he Michael Messenger showed us a total of I 51 superb colour slides! 144 Lake Road East, Roath Park, Cardiff CF2 5NQ Saturday dawned sunny and hot and, following lA Review Editors a talk by Peter Dawson on the history and Peter Neaverson and Dr Marilyn Palmer development of the dockyard, Rob Kinchen-Smith School of Archaeological Studies, The University, Leicester LEI 7RH of Oxford Archaeological Unit talked about site evaluation - very much the theme of this year's lA News Editor Dr Peter Stanier conference lectures, again being taken up later 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8LF when David Eve (author of the conference gazetteer) spoke on current work of the Kent Sites Conference Secretary and Field Trip Organiser Paul Saulter and Monuments Record. 62 Marley Road, Rye, East Sussex TN3'l 7BD A session of members' contributions included John Selby on the 1777 canal tunnel Fenny Affiliated Societies Officer at Prof Ray Riley Compton, followed by Neil Wright on an altogether 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade, Southsea, Hants more exotic location - a lime kiln for coral PO5 3NX conversion on the Caribbean island of Nevis. Tony Sales Officer Yoward was in his usual ebullient form on cast- Roger Ford iron churchyard monuments at Stourport and the One man, his bucket and a turbine: Alan Crocker performs Barn Cottage, Eridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire the highlight of his Rolt memorial lecture Crux Easton 1 894 wind engine; then that perennial WVl5 6AF Photo: Glenys Crocker troglodyte Paul Sowan spoke on some little- Librarian and Archivist regarded tunnels in Kent. John Powell c/o IGMT, lronbridge, Telford, Shrops TF8 7AW The afternoon's visits offered three choices. Bob Ratcliffe took group A to tour a rather derelict Publicity Officer vacanr Dolphin sailing barge museum, then on to the Sittingbourne Light Railway. This latter, 2ft 6in Fieldwork and Recording Award Officer gauqe, was built to serve the paper mills in the vacant area and is still worked by the original 0-4-2 tanks. Honorary Vice-Presidents Visit B went to Crockenhill Foundry garage, Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons ostensibly a village petrol station near Swanley. John Hume Stuart B Smith However, at the rear lurks a veritable Aladdin's Council Members cave of covered and open-air artefacts, including Dr Robert Can John Crompton a 'Bunell'which was in steam. and Philip Monis Tony Parkes ancient trailers stuart Warburton caravans, and an assortment of decaying lonies and cars, and in sharp contrast one of these latest liaison Officer 'Smart' lsabel Wilson city cars. En route the restored (by an AIA AIA 0ffice, School of Archaeological Studies, member) Meopham smock-mill was briefly visited. University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH The 'local' visit comprised a walk around the t 01'16 252 5337. Fax: 0'l 16 252 5005 e-mail: [email protected] dockyard, whose contents can no-way be appreciated in just one day. many historic listed buildings; an interesting museum; covered slips, one of which houses a steam centre, and another COVER PICTURE an RNLI exhibition; guided trips over the destroyer lnterior roof structure of No. 3 Covered Slip, Chatham Cavalier (1944) and submarine Ocelot (the last

Dockyard, visited during the 1 999 AIA Conference warship built at Chatham, in 1962), both in dry Photo: R. J. M. Carr docks; an amazing ropewalk, so long (1,135 ft) Victorian splendour in the Crossness pumping station that from the start it is hard to make out the other Photo: Ann Harrison

2 INDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLoGy NEWS Itl No 3 covered slip at Chatham Dockyarcl Photo: Ann Hanison Not seaside huts in the rain, but the Abbey explosives works at Faversham Photo: Ann Haffison glass tank. Alan then climbed onto the table, and fascinating and attractive town; a visit to Abbey Hythe & Dymchurch Railway, hauled across poured a bucket of water into it, causing rotation works where compressed C02 cartridges used as Romney Marsh by a miniature Pacific. Bob Ratcliffe of the tube above and a lot of apprehension explosives are produced in sheds set up in the mid- was of course in charge all day. amongst those within splashing range on the front 1 920s and little changed since; lunch at Brogdale Wednesday morning's outings consisted of a row! fruit farm, which has a complete collection of all choice of works visits to either a cement works or Afternoon trips in the sunshine again offered known variety of fruit tree; and a tour of the a paper mill (a couple of our members who turned a choice of visits. Group A forayed out to the Shepherd Neame brewery, complete with a tasting out in shorts were unceremoniously ejected from massive sludge pumping station at Crossness, session. A memorable day. David Burridge gave the former, as apparently knobbly knees and Thamesmead, which houses four mighty beam the evening dissertation on Dover's nineteenth- cement are considered to be incompatible); or a engines, one of which is currently under century defences. chance to see some of the construction of the restoration. Group B went to Brook pumping Tuesday saw a return of the sort of conference Channel tunnel high-speed rail link, where it will station, whose pumps and diesels of the I 900s are weather regular attenders have endured in recent cross the Medway beside the M2 motonruay bridge. still working, then back to Fort Amhurst, 1156, years. This turned out to be an incident-packed The railway bridge is being fabricated a short which offers fascinating insights into the lives of day, with half the pany stranded in pouring rain at distance away, to be rolled into place. This is the its defenders during all wars since, also the story a disused tunnel (unfortunately closed with gates) first new English main line for 100 years, but the of the development of the River Medway was of 1830 on the Canterbury-Whitstable railway site is so muddy all vehicles bog down and have to inspected at the heritage centre. Group C went out whilst their coach was being switched with be dragged out by tractor! The Rural Life Museum on the river in the paddle steamer Kingswear Castle another. 0n to Dover for an abbreviated visit to at Cobtree served us lunch. and in the afternoon of 1 924 (though the engines came from an earlier the wartime HQ tunnels, followed by a stop at we returned to Chatham to see the quite splendid vessel of 1904), with Bob Ratcliffe again on good Western Heights to admire the overview of Dover museum of the Royal Engineers. A lot more time form pointing out all the salient riverside features. harbour, fenies and maritime station, now used would be required to appreciate this fully - it Wayne Cocroft of English Heritage gave the as a car oark. Lunch was taken at Crabble water- embraces the entire history of the Empire as seen evening lecture on explosive manufacture in the powered corn mill, and after a very quick tour by sappers through the ages. Faversham area, to prepare us for Monday's around, the coaches proceeded to Hythe station, Continuing the military theme, Paul programme which comprised a walk around this for a trip on the famous narrow gauge Romney, Calvocoressi of English Heritage gave the conference's last evening talk about the remaining buildings of Woolwich Arsenal, which we visited on our last formal day. Mary Mills gave a very comprehensive and erudite commentary on the trip there and back, which included diversions to see massive chalk pits, also riverside sites of interest. Paul took us into the original cartridge works (later a bomb factory) from which can be seen some of the outstanding Grade I listed buildings. This was necessary because all the roads have been dug up and carted away in yet another fatuously expensive 'contaminated land' clearance by outside contractors. Lunch at the picturesque Avery Hill campus of Greenwich University allowed a visit to the impressive Edwardian conservatories. Afterwards delegates enjoyed a conducted tour of the David Evans silk print works and museum at Crayford. Thus ended a most fascinating and varied conference, which was a real tribute to all who had a hand in organising it. My thanks to other delegates for their contributions to this report.

Big men or a little train? The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway Photo: Ann Harrison

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 3 markets, as the Nigerian economy ran out of The Lion Salt Works foreign currency, and Henry reached retirement age. Second in a series featuring industrial museums of Vale Royal Borough Council purchased the all types around the country, this afticle describes works to prevent demolition and there began a the background, work undertaken and the future series of working parties and development of the Lion Salt Works Trust at Marston, Northwich, strategies. There were many problems, whilst Cheshire, traditional family businesses could operate in idiosyncratic ways public ownership, and Andrew Fielding applications for grant aid, required all aspects of the buildings' structural condition to be considered 0pen pan salt making was dramatic, it was as well as investigations into the geological frequently described as being like Dante's inferno, stability of the site, with roaring coal fires and huge amounts of steam Ground instability has been a problem in the obscuring a boiling pan of brine, or stepping back Northwich area as a direct result of rock salt mining into Dickensian conditions with gaunt men, and wild brine pumping. Local to the Lion Works stripped to the waist, throwing large rakes into the Adelaide Mine had collapsed in 1928 and it billowing steam accompanied by dullthuds as they was feared that further collapse may be likely. hit the bottom of the shallow pan. Investigations into these geological conditions has What an attraction it would make today. proved a difficult and time consuming task Indeed it once did. In the early 1980s people went fortunately addressed through initiatives supporled to Lions Salt Works not the to visit a museum but by English Partnerships, lCl, British Watenrvays, Stencils, salt bags and tools see a working, traditional salt works. Vale Royal Borough and Cheshire County Councils. Photo: Lion Salt Works Trust The history of the site spans four generations Without benefiting from their involvement within of the Thompson family though the title deeds go the area it would have been imoossible to of the few benefits of a high salt environment has back much further to 1641, Through them it is determine the long term stability of the site for been the protection ofthe timber work from beetle possible to see the change in Marston from an future investment. and fungal attack, though iron fastenings are agricultural to an industrial environment by the A charitable trust was established in 1993 and heavily conoded. Meanwhile, the Trust has taken investments of entrepreneurs like John Gilbert in with a group of enthusiastic and local volunteers the delays to initiate a number of related projects. 1781 . The Thompson family only came to Marston the site is opened each afternoon. Displays are The manufacture of a lead salt oan based on in 1842 but also had interests in rock salt mining, currently housed in the former Lion Inn (converted the dimensions of a Roman oan discovered at narrow boats, barges and brick making. Eventually from cottages on the demolition of the original Red Shavington and a scale replica of Agricola's the Lion Works became the last works to evaporate Lion Hotel about 1900) and guided tours are sixteenth-century iron salt pan are providing wild brine, making white salt crystals by a provided to the external features which include the experience in practical salt making skills, traditional open pan process. manager's office, boiler house (Cornish boiler dated information about how they were fired and what It had attracted over 13,000 visits a year 1891), horizontal steam engine (maker unknown) kinds of salt crystals can be made. Both of these between May and September in the 1980s. and brine pump, and one of the salt pans. A now are fired using wood during demonstration days However visitors were only a side line to the main rare pitched roofed salt van (c.1900) has been held in March, May, July and September and will business of salt production, which by then was brought to the site and resides on the remains of be in operation during one of the additional field mainly for markets in Nigeria. There customers the private railway siding. trips at the end of the AIA Manchester Conference preferred the crystal produced by the open pan The Trust has provisional museum registration in September 2000. process rather than modern vacuum salt which and is working towards full registration as it In collaboration with salt glaze potter Steve requires the addition of anti-caking additives. acquires a long term lease to the whole site. Harrision a limited edition firing of his work, Closure occuned in I 986 followino the loss of these Structural investigations are still continuing. One specially designed for the Lion Salt Works Trust has been commissioned, which will use salt made on site. In May 2000 the pots will be taken to the 8th World Salt Symposium in The Hague, after which pieces will be offered for sale to raise funds for the Trust. A photographic archive of Northwich dated

1 891 , donated to the Trust from the Cheshire Brine Compensation Board, has provide the basis for a computer graphics project. This will create a virtual reality model of the town at the time when ground movements, caused by wild brine pumping, resulted in the town centre being replaced by timber framed, subsidence resistant buildings. The project has been started with a grant from the Carnegie UK Trust and is being developed in parlnership with students at Mid-Cheshire College, Northwich and help from Virtual Presence at Sale. The site has a unique atmosphere mainly because ofthe structure and size ofthe pan houses. It is utilitarian and the greatest danger in restoration is that it could become too clean. too cosmetic. One of the challenges in restoration will be to retain that atmosphere. lt is therefore the Trust's primary intention to restore the process and Lion Salt Work' Marston, brine tank and pan houses Photo: Lion Salt Works Trust

4 INDUSTRIAL AR1HAEjL)GY NEWS 111 interpret the craft skills rather than create a pure gallery display. The working museum does not intend trying to replicate what may have happened in the nineteenth century, indeed the complete restoration of the 'Victorian' oractices would not be acceptable, visitors and demonstrators toppling into boiling brine would be frowned on somewhat. There were a number of adaptations in recent years such as the move in the 1 980s into using stainless steel tools and safety boots instead of clogs and the works will continue to develop and evolve, as they always have done, into for instance using biomass technology in the same way that Henry Lloyd Thompson changed from using coal to oil firing. A trading subsidiary'will be established and specialise in marketing lump salt, a product which we are not aware is available from other sources, whilst also varying the use of the pans to produce different grades of salt such as fine salt for dairy The salt works layout, well sited fot transpott between a road and the Trent & Mersey Canal uses, common salt and coarse salt formerly bought Drawinq: Lion Sah Works Trust by the fishing industry. In researching the site and the practical skills needed to operate a salt works the Trust is contributing to the English Heritage, Monument Protection Programme reporting on the salt industry and as a member of International Commission for the Study of Salt History is striving to make links with other salt museums world wide. Currently site investigations are being completed and costings for restoration assessed prior to placing an application to the Heritage Lottery Fund and also through ENTRUST as the Trust is a registered environmental body and able to benefit from landfill tax credits. lf you would like to keep up to date with developments, The Mundling Stick is a quarterly newsletter which at present is free. So, if you need a traditional salt to use that special recipe for preserving your pork, beef or fish, salting your beans, making that moist pot pourri, tanning leather or spreading on your sugar beet (!) please contact the Project Director, Andrew Fielding, Lion Salt Works Trust, Ollershaw Lane, Marston,

Northwich. Cheshire CWg 6ES Pan House No 3. Lion Salt Works Photo: Lion Salt Works Trust

ADVERTISE IN INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS

See page 9 for details

Lion Salt Works horizontal steam enoine with piston cover and slide valve cover removed Photo: Lion Salt Works Trust

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 5 Paul Sowan spoke on the importance of geology REGIONAL CONFERENCES and groundwater. So many industrial processes depend on water supply and on such little-studied Regional lA Conferences continue to Newark-type maltings (see lA Review, XVlll, no.2, attract oroducts as abrasives and refractories that the interesting speakers and audiences. Here is what 1996, 180 Amber's typology). The markets for 'geological connection' deserves to be better you may have missed. developed by Baird covered a wide range of east, understood by industrial archaeologists. The talk north eastern and midlands brewers, with examined the interdependence of geological Boddingtons being the exception in the north west. EMIAC 57 knowledge and understanding, and industrial Richard Sheppard of the Trent and Peak development, with examples including mineral The 57th East Midlands lA Conference was held Trust described the survey the Archaeological of extraction, water supply and tunnelling. on 8 May in the elegant sunoundings of the Town & lA of Newark commissioned by 5herwood Foxley Ron Martin spoke on the Hall in Newark, built in 1773 to a palladian design John and Newark District Council using the RCHME rapid (reported 102,6) by John Can of York. The conference was hosted Brede watenruorks in lA News survey techniques. Over 300 sites were identified, the by the Nottinghamshire lA Society. near Hastings, developed after 1904 with from 1650 to present day. Brewing and malting pumping. Geoff Matthews spoke on the crossings of the installation of steam engines for 1 750 began to dominate the economy from began 1994 the creation River Trent. The position of Newark at the crossing Renovation in following onwards. In the mid-nineteenth century there were point Ermine Street, the Fosse Way and later of the Brede Steam Engine Society. of over 20 breweries, but there are now substantial the Great North Road, the GN main line and the remains of only two. Agricultural engineering and Midland Nottingham a SWWRIAC to Lincoln line made it major iron founding appeared from the mid-nineteenth locus of transoort routes. After an introduction to century, the early twentieth century providing The 30th South Wales and West Region lA Trent crossings, speaker year lA the history of the many of the town's current large employers: conference was hosted this by the Dorset concentrated on road bridges in the Newark area, Shaftesbury 17 Dennis Dodd Ransomes (woodworking machinery), Worthington Society at on April, where they are complicated by the Trent's splitting (Somerset lA Soc) first spoke on the Grand Western Simpson (pumps), RHP (ball bearings), with sugar into two courses with marshy ground betvveen. in beet processing making a characteristic smell. Canal between Taunton and Tiverton and Newark Trent Bridge is traceable from 1135 ln the afternoon there were conducted walks oarticular the excavations and restoration work when Bishop Alexander of Lincoln paid for repairs. place - around Newark. The market souare is one of the taking at the Nynehead Lift one of seven It was rebuilt in 1156, swept away in 1486 and in the finest in the country while the riverside mixture of lifts designed by James Green for the canal rebuilt as a stone and timber 12-arch bridge that warehouses, water power sites, road and rail 1830s. Excavations are allowing structural survived until the current seven-arch brick and transport, old maltings, ironworks remains and the evidence to be compared with contemporary stone structure 1775. The bridge at Kelham, for problems ol castle, all alongside an active and very old river archives describing during operation of many years maintained by the Sutton family, is Patrick navigation, is fascinating. Well worth a visit. the lift before closing in 1867. Amber traced from the thirteenth century. The eminent (Gloucestershire on Mark Sissons Society for lA) talked engineer W.H. Barlow was consulted in 1849 but malthouses in Gloucestershire, which ranged from his design for an iron bridge was too expensive. A thatched roofed to large commercial ones. Many cheaper timber bridge was built but washed away SER|AC 99 have been converted to other uses, although by winter ice and floods in 1 855. The cunent bridge Held at the University of Reading and hosted by conversion has not been easy. Peter Stanier (DIAS) was designed by Henry Can. To meet modern traffic the Berkshire Industrial Archaeology Group (BIAG), talked on the working of granite stones on Bodmin demands, a reinforced concrete bridge has been this year's South East Region lA Conference on 1 0 Moor, Cornwall, where abandoned pieces of all inserted inside the earlier structure. April saw a range of topics. The Royal Commission shapes and sizes were apparently intended for The bridge at Muskham on the Great North on the Historical Monuments of England merged Victorian civil engineering works such as Road survived as an increasingly decrepit timber with English Heritage on 1 April, so it was timely dockyards, coastal fortifications or a lighthouse. structure until replaced in 1920 by a reinforced that Alan Stoyel's talk should examine the After lunch, Tony Jukes (Oxford House lA concrete bridge. To join the Muskham crossing to RCHME's involvement with lA in the past, Society) talked of the Cwm-carn Dam disaster of the Newark Town Bridge, Smeaton built a raised speculating on how it will continue to contribute 1875, in which 12 people lost their lives. Poor causeway in 1 776 as part of the turnpiking of the to the discipline in the future. Alan described some maintenance by the Monmouthshire Canal Co. was GN Road. This had 95 flood relief arches. His of the recent recording work in which he has been blamed for the collaose of their reservoir's earth assessment of oeak floodwater flow was involved, illustrating the ongoing commitment that dam after a period of continuous heavy rainfall. conducted by measuring the washed out gaps in is being made to enhance the records that will The 400-ft dam broke at i 1 pm on the night of 1 4 the hedges along this part of the GN Road after a continue to form the basis of the National July 1875, the resulting flood sweeping away major flood. Monuments Record Centre in Swindon. houses, roads and a bridge. Amber Patrick spoke on the surveys conducted Bob Carr talked on London Docklands. The Port The last two talks of the afternoon were both by the Nottinghamshire Industrial History Society of London was the largest port in the world less related. David Brown (Bristol lA Society) spoke on on the Baird Maltings. Hugh Baird & Son had a than 50 years ago. In the nineteenth century cordite explosions on Royal Naval ships, pointing pattern of acquirlng maltings from brewers. The London was a major centre of heavy industry, out that age, impurites and storage temperatures Spittal Maltings in Trent Lane acquired from Jas building ships and making the steam engines to were allcritical factors. His talk was illustrated with Hole in 1934, which was active as a malting until go in them. Although the majority of buildings have awsome pictures of battleships literally 1975. This was a 'l 902 rebuild of an 1880s been demolished and the area densely redeveloped disappearing ! Finally, Les Hayward (RNCF maltings, destroyed by fire; the replacement was for offices and housing, the old dock basins are Association) described the Royal Naval Cordite to perish itself in a conflagration in 1990. The still essentially intact and it is still possible to make Factory at Holton Heath near Poole, Dorset. This William Street maltings, another 1880s maltings, out traces of the industrial and maritime past. was begun early in the Great War to manufacture was operated by Bairds until 1964 and is still Lawrence Cameron talked on the impact of cordite for the navy and closed c.l960. This extant. Two huge ealry mass concrete structures tourism and the leisure industry on industrial extensive site once employed 5,000 people. alongside the Trent date from before 1883, built archaeology, illustrated by examples from changes Following the main conference, there was the once again for Jas Hole brewers. They were occurring along the Kennet Navigation. Cinema choice of three field visits: Holton Heath for a tour operated by Bairds until the 1940s. One has been history was the subject of Bill White's talk. He of the cordite factory site; a visit to Shaftesbury refurbished into housing and the other, while being introduced the early days of cinema going from itself; or nearby Cann Mill, a commercial water- used for chocolate storage, suffered a huge fire in the fairground and church hall to the super powered corn mill which is still in operation and a the 1980s. lt was been rebuilt almost out of cinemas. The talk focused on a site in 5outhampton rather unioue feature - a windmill on the roof. recognition as offices. All these premises were used for showing films for over 100 years.

6 INDIJSTRIAL AR1HAE)L)GY NEWS 111 MYSTERY PHOTOGRAPHS Three photographs illustrated here are from stereo pairs purchased recently from a dealer, who found them 'somewhere in England'. They show an industrial installation of c.1870. lt might be a pumping station although there is no sign of the engines. One view shows a battery of typical Lancashire boilers and a largish pipe that suggests water supply. lt is assumed that all the views are of the same place because the format of the three cards is identical. There is no identification on any of them except for one blind stamp reading 'London Stereoscopic Co., 54 Cheapside, London.' The location of the fourth photograph (bottom right), from a different stereo pair, is known as it is captioned 'lnterior of the [?] Well Room, Thirlmere' and is clearly related to the water reservoir. The question is, what is the 'thing'featured in the view? Can any reader help with identifications? Please contact the editor, and Robert M. Vogel, 4628 49th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.

INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)L)GY NEWS 111 7 AIA NEWS

Fieldwork and and that these are integrated with of interpretation and presentation of Ford, Philip Monis, Tony Parkes and national, regional and/or local the floor malting industry The efforts Stuart Warburton. Recording Awards for research strategies. By constantly of the company's staff in Other officers will be confirmed 1 999 reviewing the results of recent demonstrating the historic malting by Council at a meeting on 3l The standard of entries this year was pro.jects more can be learnt about the process as a living industry were 0ctober. exceptionally high and this is past which will in turn identify areas thought to be particularly successful. There are, however, three reflected in having two winners of the that warrant further research. Tuckers maltings was chosen vacancies for ordinary Council Main Award. The results. as following the AIA's conference at members, as well as Publicity Officer (15 announced at the Chatham Documentary Research Marks) Newton Abbot in 1998 and it was and Co-ordinators of the conference. are as follows: The degree and relevance of the particularly appropriate that Amber Conservation Award and the textual data the fieldwork strategy. to Patrick, nationally acknowledged Recording Awards. Anyone willing to expert on the industry as well as our help with these please contact David Main Award Fieldwork (20 Marks) former company secretary, was able Alderton or Michael Harrison. Tyne and Wear Museums Service: An assessment of the fieldwork to attend the oresentation. Amber is Excavations at Wallsend Collienr B Pit methodology and survey technique. well known to the staff at Tuckers 1997 Explore Spain ... with Analysis/lnterpretation (30 Marks) where she is involved in continuing the AIA A0C Archaeology: The Embassy This remains the highest scoring researcn. Easter, 24-30 Cinema, Braintree and St. Faiths category which considers the project The 1998 award was the first in In the week following Hospital, Brentwood results and in oarticular how the the new form chosen for the April 2000, we hope to visit the lA of strategy, documentary analysis and President's Award - an engraved central Spain between Madrid and glass plaque includes Student Award survey technique has informed the designed by Stuart Cordoba. This the windmills conclusions. Warburton. of La Mancha (immortalised in 'Don Gary Hope: Preserving the Titfield Quixote'), water mills, wine cellars, Thunderbolt (15 Presentation Marks) Changes at the AGM distillery, gunpowder works, lead Quality of drawings, photographs and mining remains and many more sites. A fuller account entries The 1999 AGM held at Chatham on of all report format. lf interested, please contact Paul submitted will appear in the next 1 2 September approved new changes Saulter, 62 Marley Road, Rye, East issue of /4 Ner,ys. Advancement of the Subject to the make-up of Council. We now Sussex TN31 7BD. The judges hope that this year's (10 Marks) have a Chairman, not President, the high standard will be maintained, but The contribution of the project to the aim being to invite a distinguished person we are especially keen to see further methodological and/or theoretical to take the title of President lronbridge weekend the entries from the AIA Membershio and advancement of the subject. This may to represent the AlA, while The annual lronbridge Weekend is at students; the lronbridge Institute result from an innovative approach, everyday running of our affairs the planning stage but we have no currently has a monopoly on the the study of a poorly researched area continues to be overseen by the definite date as yet. Late March, just latter! 0ur thanks to Keith Falconer or the use of a new theoretical Chairman and Vice-Chairman. before Easter 2000 is the favoured and Amber Patrick for once again technioue. Michael Hanison and Marilyn Palmer date. Watch this soace! post, acting as judges. Having coordinated remain in with these new titles, the Awards for two years I now Awards are given in the Michael Messenger was re-elected as Treasurer, while David Alderton was Waterway archivist intend to stand down. Details of the following areas: 2000 Awards and the new confirmed in position as Secretary, a Paul 5illitoe, former AIA Council 5tudent Award - The highest scoring coordinator will appear in a future post he has held on an acting basis member and, for a short time, student entry for the year. issue of /A lVews. for the last few months. Secretary, has been appointed by the Meanwhile, submission date for Members elected to a new Waterways Trust as Head of Archives Main Award - For the outstanding the next award is 1 May 2000. trimmed-down Council were Dr at the Boat Museum Archive Centre, piece of fieldwork for the year. Information can be obtained via the Robert Carr, John Crompton, Roger Ellesmere Port. AIA Liaison Officer, AIA Office, School Outstanding Practice Award - This of Archaeological Studies, University is only given where all the judges of Leicester. Leicester LEl 7RH. agree that the entry has made a Having been in operation for ma jor contribution to the several years the marking system for methodological andior theoretical the awards has been reviewed in advancement of the subject. lt will order to reflect the changing nature only be awarded in exceptional of both the subject matter and recent crrcumslances, submissions. The new scheme has been approved by the judging panel A report outlining these changes has and notification has also been given been issued to both the judges and to the AIA Council. Briefly, each entry President, and a new certificate has is assessed on the basis of a total also been produced. lt is hoped that mark allocation of 100 in six this will enhance the operation and categories; they include: status of the AIA Fieldwork and Research Strategy (10 Marks) Recording Awards. The methodological/theoretical aim Shane Gould of the survey which can be linked to national and/or local research 1998 President's Award agendas. lt is becoming increasingly Hilary Malaws presented the 1998 important that the aims of a project award to Tuckers Maltings in Hilary Malaws (centre), with Amber Patrick, presenting the President's award to lo Webber, are explicitly stated from the outset recognition of the excellent standard Brian Gates and Richard Wheeler of fuckers Maltinos

8 INDUSTRIAL ARcHAEoLoGy NEW, nl LETTERS

Readers are encouraged to write to the Editor with their views on matters raised in lA News, or other current issues.

Standedge extent of the vitrification of the lining, in an intermittent kiln is expected to ceiling, from a cerntral 'tunnel'some even if one considers that this can be from the base to top of the charge, way up the height of the structure. The article on page 4 of lA News 1 | 0 give a definitive answer. Of some 28 whereas a continuous or draw kiln. The example Betchworth, about routeways over Standedge fine at draw kilns I have inspected in Sussex, if operated efficiently, should show Suney, is particularly interesting as summarises the information about seven have sufficient of the no vitrification in the lowest cooling it has never been fired and thus this very interesting area. Readers only lining visible to determine the extent zone and similarly none in the top remains in pristine condition! who wish to learn more might like to of the vitrification., Hence in 75o/o of preheating zone. The De Witt kiln at Amberley is know that in the early 1 980s Kirklees these kilns the basis of the typology John Leach's useful summary not in fact constructed in accordance Metropolitan Council canied out a postulated is useless. table is in need of some development. with De Witt's Patent, which was for detailed survey of the remains which The anomaly the The term 'flare kiln' is a trap for the a particularly elaborate kiln for firing was published in Standedge Guide: other is distinction of flare kilns. of which unwary. Early use of the term, as in pottery, tiles, etc, with provision not an lndustrial Landscape of Roads, are two distinct forms. The James Malcolm's Compendium of just for controlling thermal efficiency, Canals and Railways, by Graham there small eighteenth-century agricultural modern husbandry (805), describes but also for controlling the oxidising Keevill (Huddersfield, 1986), ISBN no. flare kilns which orollferated on the small kilns fired intermittently, in or reducing qualities ofthe kiln gases. 0 951123 0 1, including 28 figures heavy clays of the Weald are quite which the fuel (saplings, brushwood, The De Witt klln as built at Amberley and maps and 25 plates. distinct in both shape and operation etc) was added continuously through (designed by him - the signed Dr M. L. Faull from the late nineteenth-century flare a built arch or tunnel of limestone drawing survives) is therefore quite National Coal Mining Museum for holes. The blocks at the bottom of the charge, different functionally from that in the England kilns with twin firing former would be classed as 151 in giving relatively low- patent. Indeed, if intended to be Caphouse Colliery, New Road long, John Leach's list but the latter could temperature flames with a high loaded by tipping chalk into the 0verton, Wakefield only be classed lS2, a general catch- steam content produce an chambers from above, as suggested West Yorkshire WF4 4RH to all grouping, an unsatisfactory state excellent and highly reactive by the large apertures in the ceilings, for a distinctive pattern of kiln. quicklime. The ash was kept separate it ls hardly surprising it didn't work! Limekiln typology The other ooint about the article in the tunnel. The term 'Flare kiln' The Amberley De Witt must be lwould like to comment on the article is that the illustration of the kiln at was effectively hiqh-jacked by the written off as a ghastly mistake by a in lA News ll0 abour limekiln Amberley, although within the limeburning industry later in the Belgian who adapted and simplified typology. I have been involved with structure of the De Witt kiln, is in fact nineteenth century for quite different a comolex kiln meant for another lA classification and the use of lRlS a later draw kiln built after the De kilns. I suggest the terms flare kilns purpose with, it seems, absolutely no for some years and have come to the Witt proved unsatisfactory. sensu stricto for the original wood- knowledge of limeburning conclusion that the premise that R.G. Martin fired small structures, and flare kilns technology! Neither version ofthe De seems to be favoured, for General Secretary, Sussex lA senso latolor the much larger mixed- Witt kiln should, therefore, be classification by function rather than Society feed coal-fired structures often (as at confused functionally with the by form, is flawed. 42 Falmer Avenue Brockham and Betchworth in Suney) 'Belgian' modification of the Hoffman When approaching the subject Saltdean built in pairs, and in batteries ofthree kiln for limeburning. Incidentally, academically, one is tempted to Brighton or more pairs, with lime discharged John Leach's photograph is not of the classify by function, as with industry BN2 8FG. by hand via access tunnels. De Witt! the whole essence is the functioning Dietzsch kilns can hardly be Documentary resources are produce described as 'mixed feed.' As with essential in furthering the study of of the site to something. Having spent over 30 years looking what he appropriately describes limeburning, but company records However, when one comes to the at limekilns, some still working, and practical a 'dual-feed' Brockham and Smidth rarely survive. lt is essential to be difficulties of classifying talking with the people who worked kilns, they relied on the introduction familiar wlth the technical aspects of site in the field it is the form of the with them and reading the associated of solid fuel, separately from the limeburning. Patents are allvery well site which is more relevant. archives, I hope I am qualified to join limestone charge, direct into the but I know of no lime kiln actually Frequently due to circumstances, it the limekiln typology debate! Albeit zone. built strictly in accordance with the is not possible to investigate the from a rather limited Surrey and calcining Smidth kilns should occupy the oatent! history of the site fully and this is Sussex standpoint. same slot in the classification as There is a lot of unexploited often the only way of determining its John Leach's article in lA News of this Dietzsch, the functionally important archaeological evidence out there function. The classic example / 10 is a most welcome contribution difference being that although there waiting to be taken more seriously, sort of confusion in lRlS is where mills to an important debate but does not, 'Animal are two preheating towers back-to- recorded carefully and interpreted. have to be classed as either in my opinion, constitute an entirely 'Corn'. back (as usual with Dietzsch kilns) Paul W. Sowan Feed' or Without any history satisfactory answer. there is only a single large firing 254 Pampisford Road of the site or inspection of the stones, Typology based on function. As to chamber/calcining zone, with solid South CroYdon this would be impossible John Leach says, it is often impossible determine. In many cases both to be sure whether a kitn was fuel separately introduced through its Surrev CR2 6DD classes would apply, or would have intended to be operated applied at different times throughout intermittently or continuously. The ADVERTISE IN IA NEWS the history of the mill. largest proportion of surviving kilns IA News reaches a wide readership through direct subscriptions, With reference to the could have been used either way. circulation to affiliated organisations and use in libraries. classification of limekilns. the Thus, the primary feature used in the The market reached will be attractive to publishers, tour essential conundrum is whether the proposed typology is a question of operators, heritage consultants and visitor attractions. is intermittent or continuous limekiln subjective interpretation of field Advertising rates ra.nge from a^s little a.s €3o to €17o for a full as this is the fundamental basis of evidence, rather than objective and page. the typology. As there is virtually no directly observable features. A full All proceeds contribute to the costs of the Newsletter a,nd the work of tbe Association which is a Registered charity. Inserts difference in form between draw kilns appraisal of internal vitrification of may be mailed with IA News at a charge of €25. of the tvvo classes, the only criterion the kiln lining might, in an ideal For further details, contact the Editor. to determine the type of kiln is the world. reveal the answer. Vitrification

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 9 NEWS

European heritage on be the oldest in the world. 'Lion' offered to owners of steam and 5AVE Britain's Heritage and the internet anived in June and will spend five stationary engines who are invited to Victorian Society. Protracted years here on loan from the National join in the fun by running their own negotiations are under way to secure Which museums are there in Europe? Museums and Galleries on exhibits. They should let the secretary the building's future. Which historical buildings can I visit? Merseyside. know well in advance as soace could Which organisations are concerned In July 1838 the Liverpool & be limited. with the preservation of mills? Where Manchester Railway Co. took delivery Visitors will be welcome at any Railway rebirth can I receive training to become a of tvvo locomotives, later called 'Lion' time during the 17 hours and, as Aided by a f4.3m Millennium grant, restorer? Which magazines include and 'Tiger', to haul luggage trains. volunteer members do all the work plans are well advanced for the industrial archaeology? Where can I In 1928, after a long service with the for the Trust and museum, the usual restoration by 2005 of the Welsh find appropriate display cases? When railways and as a stationary pump at entry charges will apply. Light Highland Railway through the and where do workshops, courses, Liverpool Docks,'Lion' was rescued refreshments will be available. For Snowdonia National Park from conferences, exhibitions and other and restored to working condition. lt further details of this event, or any Portmadoc to Caernarfon. Most of events take place? featured in a number of films, aspect of the Trust or its museum, the course of the line. which closed Http://eur-heritage.com is a including'The Titfield Thunderbolt', please contact Mrs B. Eaton, I in 1937, can be still recognised but central server with a oowerful web- but in 1989 it was withdrawn from 01823 275795. the scheme is not without database through which individuals, steaming for conservation reasons. controversy. Opponents to the organisations, and institutes Visitors can see'Lion'in the scheme would orefer it to become a enterprises can present themselves museum's Power Hall which holds English to French path or cycleway through the and announce their activities. Visitors motor trans0ort and locomotives built English China Clays has passed into spectacular scenery, but supporters can search for the information they in the Greater Manchester region, as French ownership in a f758m say stations will give access to the need. Http://eur-heritage.com will well as the world's largest collection takeover by the minerals firm lmetal, mountains for walkers and the whole certainly become the focus website of working steam mill engines. creating the world's largest producer route will help reduce road traffic for heritage conservation and of china clay and calcium carbonate. congestion. management in Europe! lf you are interested in joining, Whistling millennium ask for your registration forms online, The Westonzoyland Museum of Board house update Aviation heritage at risk or at the following address: Steam Power and Land Drainage, Following a note in lA News 110, The name Farnborough - the home Conservare nv, near Bridgwater in Somerset, intends page 11, the Secretary of State for of the Royal Aircraft Establishment http://eur-herita ge.com to welcome in the new millennium the Department of Culture, Media and its airshows - holds a resoected secretariat, Vlamingstraat 4, with engines in steam from 2pm on and Sport has agreed to the place in the history of British aviation. B-8560 Wevelgem, New Year's Eve until 5pm on New upgrading of Castle House, Now that 1 80 acres of the RAE have Flanders-Belgium, Year's Day: 27 hours of continuous Bridgwater, to Grade ll*. The been sold off to developers, the Fax: (+32) 56.417636, steamingl The 1861 Easton & Amos Somerset lA Society's contribution Farnborough Air Sciences Trust is e-mail: [email protected] drainage engine will run into the third towards the initiative for a revised fighting to save the historic core. As century of its life and other engines listing took the form of a researched well as concern for the buildings, the restored by members the report by the society's archivist, Brian Trust has collected a major film Beam engine's new of Westonzoyland Engine Trust will also Murless, who covered architectural, archive, wind tunnel models, early jet home be running. historical and technological aspects engine components, high-altitude The Crossness Engines Trust has At midnight there will be the of the structure with particular flying suits etc, many of which were acquired a beam engine built in 1888 traditional blowing of steam whistles. emphasis on its association with John invented or develooed here. Listed by Easton & Anderson (Erith lron Anyone who has one, which they Board, the Somerset cement structures, which have been recently Works) for pumping water at would care to bring, will be welcome manufacturer. The report attracted a demoted in their grading, include the Addinton, near Croydon. The engine, but please make the necessary good deal of attention not only at 24-ft wind tunnel of 1935, powered which was part of the Museum of arrangements in advance with the local level but also nationally where by a 30-ft diameter mahogany fan, London's collection recently Trust. Free entry to the museum is support was especially welcome from and the transonic wind tunnel which advertised for disposal, will feature produced wind speeds of 800mph. in the heavy machines collection to With so much equipment and be housed in the Valve House at buildings associated with the cutting Crossness. edge of aviation development from the earliest years, the Trust is proposing to redevelop this key site London's internet as a monument to aviation historv. heritage A photographic record of London's London bus award industrial heritage, taken by Peter The London Bus Preservation Trust Marshall over 25 years, can be seen presented on the internet at http:/ was with the annual conservation award of the Surrey www.cix.co. u k/- oeterma rsha ll/ Industrial History Group 4 Many of these sites featured have on September, in recognition of the since been demolished or preservation redevelooed. and restoration of former London Transoort vehicles carried out for many years at the Lion of Manchester Cobham Bus Museum. The award. in The Museum of Science and Industry the form of a decorative plaque, was in Manchester has become tne new Volunteers working on the Lancashire boiler display at Westonzoyland presented to Mr Peter Plummer, home for the locomotive reputed to Photo: Westonzoyland Engine Trust Chairman of the LBPT, by Prof Alan

1O INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 111 NEWS

Crocker, President of the Surrey Bottle ovens saved the last 15 years employment at the A slipped countess South African Chamber of Mines' 33 Archaeological Society. A Heritage Lottery Fund grant of awaits maid The work of the museum is goldmines has fallen from 500,000 to f272,000 will help the repair of l2 The Scottish Industrial Heritage aimed not merely at restoring buses 200,000. surviving bottle ovens at five sites in Society has been recording the to a display condition, but also to the Staffordshire Potteries. These steam-powered slipway at Balloch on maintain them in a roadworthy features once characteristic brick Best industrial museum Loch Lomond. The vessel cunently on so may be licensed condition they to dominated the skyline ofthe potteries The Dundee Industrial Heritage Trust the slip is the 100-ton Countess carry passengers. There is an active - there were 2.600 at the it is said has won the Michelotti Prize for Fiona,built in 1936 as the Countess programme of events at Cobham and turn of the century - but now there Europe's best industrial museum in of Breadalbaneto serve on Loch Awe elsewhere. at which vehicles from are only 47 left. Legislation on air the Eurooean Museum of the Year (another inland loch). She is a rare other groups participate. Notable quality 1960 saw to their rapid in Awards. The flax and jute High Mill survivor from Denny's shipyard at among these was the museum's demise. Verdant Works (1833) became a Dumbarton. The vessel was annual open day at Brooklands in of prefabricated and assembled at Loch April, at which some 150 visiting museum in 1996. The museum was chosen from 60 high quality entries Awe, later stripped down and pulled vehicles were present alongside the 5A gold mine closes from 20 countries. across country to be launched in the museum's own fleet. The shutdown was announced in July Firth of Clyde to be refitted again. She of the 90-year-old East Rand spent many years as a cruiser and, Hideous news Proprietary Mines near Springs, east Moving light after service elsewhere. she was lifted The Bournemouth Yellow Bus depot of Johannesburg, with the loss of The recent scheme to move the from the Clyde by the Finnieston has been saved from development 5,000 jobs. In the Second World War diminuative old Beachy Head Crane (built by Arrols to load railway proposals by a recent Grade ll listing, the mine played a key part in funding Lighthouse a few yards back from the locomotives) and entered service on a decision that has been received Britain's war effort. For many years cliff top is dwarfed by a recent Loch Lomond as Ihe Countess Fiona with delight or shock. Built in 1951 it was the world's deepest mine scheme in North Carolina. USA. The in 1 982. The much larger Maid of the with a single span concrete root the (14,000 ft) and in its lifetime whole structure of the 4.800-ton loch is due to go on the slipway for large deopt has been described as produced 1,450 tonnes of gold. tower of the Cape Hatteras her refitting, eigher a 'landmark modern building' Closure is blamed on falling gold lighthouse, Buxton, has been moved l.S. Mitchell or 'hideous', the latter by those who prices and poor underground grades. over half a mile after the Atlantic had work there or have to live next to it! Other mine closures are possible. In begun undermining the site.

DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS LTD ENGII{EERII{G . COIISERVATIOII Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex CONTRACTS MANAGER ASPIRING TO DIRECTOR

CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE We have sustained steady growth over 25 years CONSERUATION OF HISTARIC METALWORK, to become leading specialists in the MACHINERY AND WINDTWATER MILLS CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METAL\MORK & MACHINERY Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of Our Bristol Office now seeks a versatile person to manage future development, and will be 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert present contracts and fbr appointment to The Board within two years. Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on considered Applicants must have a recognised qualif,rcation at HND Turbinia. Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even level or above, with experience in practical conservation the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! work in the building/construction industry. A programme of prot'essional development will be agreed if necessary, Over 100 man years experience supported by The Company. An attractive salary with benefits package will be negotiated, Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, with the possibility also of relocation expenses. Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson Please write in confidence to: (01663) (01663) Tel: 133544 Fax: 734521 MR G. WALLIS DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS LID Park. St Annes Road, Southern Works: Riverside Business RIVERSIDE BUSINESS PARK St. Annes Park. Bristol. BS4 4ED. Contact: Geoff Wallis ST ANNES ROAD, ST ANNES PARK, BRISTOL BS4 4ED Tel: (01 l'7) 9'715337 Fax: (01 l1) 977167'l Tel: 0l 17 9115331

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 11 REGIONAL NEWS

South East England of an initiative to restore the rare lain virtually derelict for many years. University Archaeology Group ground been (SU|AG) has been involved in the This report is very largely concerned 6olidnne Boll6e at St Hugh's Now the floor has with wind and its applications for Monastery. This is the sole survivor opened as a public house and the removal of a redundant flour dresser of at least four on this site. and is whole structure has been put into at Wilton windmill for installation at power, although from Kent there is news that the paddle steamer essentially a wind turbine with the good order. Longparish Mill. In Southampton, a rotors enclosed in a metal tube at the At Betchworth, surveying and public enquiry was held last Medway Queea which sadly sank in too of a 30ft column down which the protection work is finally getting November into an alleged planning 1 997, has now been refloated at Dam drive passes, through a right-angle under way on the important surviving contravention. This involved the Head Creek on the Medway and fully pump large pit. This Trafalgar dry surveyed. The preservation society to a small house. Dating from limekilns in this chalk infilling of the city's hopes to have the vessel fully around 1880, the eolidnne has not is thanks to the allocation of funds dock by Associated British Ports. The poor which is listed, sat right in the restored in time for next year's 60th been used since 1943 and is in from landfill tax, and the wildlife trust dock, proposed anniversary of the Dunkirk condition. is working with the industrial middle of a car storage the evacuation, in which she took part. In Surrey, a far more archaeologists to ensure that both area. There was also concern over conventional wind-engine has been wildlife and industrial structures are photographic and video record made For the rest of Kent, there must be in the just something newsworthy going on - news. This is a Climax version safeguarded. before the infilling, and the number especially following this year's AIA mounted on a tower made by Duke Alongside the A3 London to apparent disappearance of a (DAND0). conference - if readers know of & Ockenden lt was Portsmouth trunk road where it of keel blocks which were supposed anything please inform your 'discovered'on a farm at Holmwood crosses the M25 is Chatley Heath to have been safely stored. south correspondent so it can appear in /A of Dorking during research for Semaphore Tower, owned and Finally, it's back to the air. At News. one of the Surrey Industrial History restored by the county council. This Farnborough the Air Sciences Centre guides. pump, yet At Selsey in West Sussex, the Group's The of as unique survivor of the Admiralty's has moved a step nearer to reality on indeterminate served the communication its navy Royal Aircraft long disused Medmerry windmill has age, had system with the site of the former water supply needs of a model farm. at Portsmouth has just been officially Establishment. leasing agreement had new sweeps fitted and there is A Standing use many years, recognised a Grade listing. has been signed by Sciences talk of a full restoration to this coastal out of for with ll* lt the Air landmark, costing an estimated it had suffered during the 1987 is open to the public and its original Trust for a part of the airfield factory 'hurricane' f400.000. Other Sussex windmills when the sails become signalling equipment is in full land. The area includes the historic undergoing work include a new cap detached. Members of SIHG working order. 24ft wind tunnel and it is hoped approached given and fantail at Barnham and a much the farmer and he agreed Grade ll listing has been to eventually to extend this to include go heavier workover at Stonecross with to let it to the Rural Life Centre the important surviving Farnham the old balloon sheds and the the aid of a f142,000 Lottery grant. near Farnham. He even helped with Pottery and restoration is progressing transonic wind tunnel, and possibly pump 0nce work started at the latter, the the dismantling. The has now well. To ensure historical accuracy, a the famous black sheds where flying (for cast-iron curb was found to be been re-erected and is in working new conugated iron roof has been first began in this country more cracked necessitating replacement order, hopefully one day soon to be fitted to a large part of the main block details see page 10). pumping and a delay of some eight weeks to water again. What makes of these mellow home-made brick Chris Shepheard the schedule. this version unusual is its Eiffelated buildings. lts garish metallic finish Non-wind related news from tower with graceful curves and cunently jars the eye, but this is how Northern England patterning platform Sussex includes the restoration of decorative on the it must have looked when originally This report brings news of brackets. installed some 90 years ago. No Petworth railway station to conservation in Hexham, a delightful In Guildford, Dennis Brothers'old once galvanising has something approaching its former doubt the markettown, built around its very old car manufacturing plant at Rodboro weathered enough to allow a coat of glory. The new owners have relaid a Abbey on a terrace above the River length of track through the station Buildings in the town centre is finally bitumastic paint to be applied, it will Tyne, some 20 miles west of seeing better store. be less noticeable. and brought in two Pullman carriages a future in Newcastle. In 1835, when the Believed to be the world's first multi- power, to be restored and used as stationary Back to wind in Newcastle and Carlisle Railway was purpose-built bed and breakfast accommodation. storey car factory, it had Hampshire the Southampton being built, Hexham became The Chalkoits Museum at connected by rail to Newcastle and Amberley has recently opened a new opened its railway station. This exhibition on cycles and cycling, built building, designed by Benjamin a new steam locomotive building on Green of Tyneside, is still in use and the light railway and made new shop is one of the oldest continually displays in the Electricity Hall which occuoied stations in Britain. There houses the former Milne Museum were five distinct periods of building collection from Tonbridge. between 1835 and 1871. with further At Chichester, the former alterations in I901. The Railway Shipham's paste and meat products Heritage Trust has funded the factory is under threat. Plans restoration of the station. Notably, proposed suggest keeping the the two platforms have been re-fitted Victorian brick buildings while the with slate roofs, replacing metal 'unattractive industrial buildings to sheets, but with glazing retained at the north of the site may be the ridges. The former luggage room removed.'The latter area includes the has been turned into a modern cafe - large 1955 packing building with its called the 'Engine Room'. lt brings vaulted concrete roof. back warmth and human contact to Inland, at the Weald and the station, which has Grade ll listed Left: Another job well done SlHG's fully restored windpump at the Rural Life Centre near Downland 0pen Air Museum at status in a conservation area. lt is Farnham At the re-opening ceremony on 1 9 September are (L to R) Ken Major, Marilyn and Singleton, the Westham windpump good to see renewed life in this Richard Boardley (who donated the pump) and Tony Stevens (SIHG vice-chairman and project has been restored and re-erected. leader). Right: The Holmwood windpump before restoration station which once served two branch Meanwhile, at Cowfold there is hope Photos: C. Sheoheard lines. one south to Allendale and the

12 INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAE1L)GY NEWS I11 REGIONAL NEWS

Engineering Restoration and Heritage Consultants

Restoration and conservation of rolling stock, wind & watermills, engines, cast iron work, bandstands, lighthouses. Restoration and contemporary hydropower. Engineering displays. Museum collection moves. Feasibility studies. Recording and

The Grade ll listed Hexham Ropery faces an uncertain future Photo: Fred Brook Conservation Plans. All work undertaken in-house by our experienced 2O-strong team UK and worldwide. other north via the Border Counties North East England destined for Recent projects include:20 T timber lock gates for Line to Scotland. lreland, but by the time the dock British Waterways; restoration and rebuild of 1786 and Carlisle Less successful in conservation ooened the Newcastle Boulton & Watt engine for National Museums of terms is the Hexham Ropery. This Railway had agreed to route its lrish Scotland; interactive engine room diorama for Scottish Grade ll structure is thoughtto be one traffic via Liverpool. Maritime Museum; restoration of electric loco E4 for of the last survivors of its kind. 0n a Despite the early setback Silloth town map of 1826 it was shown as recovered, thanks to the nation's Tyne & Wear Museums. an open air ropewalk. The 1856 0.5. appetite for biscuits and the growth Preserving our Industrial Heritage map shows it with a roof, and named of the celebrated confectioners, Cans for future generations a ropery. lt ceased working early this of Carlisle. They erected a lour mill century. Located beside the old cattle beside Marshall Dock and added 22-24 Carmyle Avenue, Foxley, Glasgow G32 8HJ market, it eventually became the other facilities at an inner dock longest and narrowest fish and chip opened in 1880. Silloth is still a Tel: (0141) 763 0007 Fax: (0141) 763 0583 cafe in the country. I used to pass it working port, and Carrs'Solway Mills E mail: [email protected] on my way to work. lt now stands are still milling. The site also includes empty on the north side of a preserved steam engines and the superstore car-park. Bids to the 'floating silo' for grain. This wooden area is needed for enabling works. Dock, Newham, has for some time Lottery to refurbish have failed. There structure is so-called because it is Alternative line storage capacity has been earmarked for London's is much local concern as to its future, made of cells which expand or already been provided in the vicinity industrial museum but it is now i.e. do something with it or knock it contract as the silo is filled or empties. of Potter's Bar. A new site and unlikely that such a project involving down! Hence the cells 'float'. funding need to be found if the the display of large items will ever Hexham was once an important The promoters of the port and famous gasholders are to have a come to fruition. Redevelopment centre for leather products. lts railway to Silloth also gave a holiday future. work is now underway here and the tannery district, once foul-smelling resort to the Solway coast. Elegant The area around W warehouse Custom House, or Dock Directors' with its tanyards and soak-pits, is terraces, promenades and gardens on the nofth quay of Royal Victoria Access Centre (1920-24) by Sir Edwin now a highly desirable residential were made, and it became a popular district at the west end of Market resort. lt is now faded, but is still Street which, as the old road to popular and easily recognised as a Carlisle once forded the Skinners once swanky Victorian seaside Burn. A public house, the Skinners holiday town. Arms, commemorates this past And finally, across on the other activity. side of the country, many Happy Silloth is a port on the Solway, Relurns to Robert Stephenson's High promoted by the Carlisle interests Level Bridge between Newcastle and who wanted their own deep water Gateshead, 1 50 years old this August. outlet to break the near monopoly of A truly magnificent monument. Maryport, Workington and Fred Brook Whitehaven. lt was built on ground with no previous history of port activity. Excavation of the Marshall Greater London Dock was completed in August 1859, At St Pancras the listed gasholders and a railway spur from the Carlisle are likely to be dismantled and put to Port Carlisle line had reached the in store in the very near future to coast three years earlier, The make way for the redevelopment of promoters hoped that Silloth would 5t Pancras station to take trains from become the outlet for goods from the Channel Tunnel. The gas storage The St Pancras gasholders Photo:R J M Can

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 13 REGIONAL NEWS

Cooper, has been demolished. One The Chris Burden aeroolane produced no complete aeroplanes. may have been intentional. Bathos of the Addington Well beam engines factory (see'Comment' in lA News Technicians laboured away without is currently all the rage in the art has gone to Crossness where it is 110, page 9) sadly remained a work success. lt must be borne in mind that world and Mr Burden has a hoped to display it in the Valve House in progress throughout its period of from a post-modern viewpoint art is reputation as a performance artist. there. exhibition at Millbank and apparently process, not product. What happened Robert Carr About twenty five years ago a national scheme for industrial museums was drawn uo which REGIONAL CORRESPONDENTS included lronbridge, Beamish, etc. 0f all the prolects only that for Greater Please support your Regional Correspondent by sending relevant material which may be of interest to our readers. London has not been implemented. We may now have to accept that the Region 1: SCOTLAND Region 5: WALES Region 10: GREATER LONDON last quarter of the twentieth century Dr Miles Oglethorpe, RCAHMS, John Stephen Grenter, 1 6 Ffordd Trem-y- Dr R.J.M. Can,127 Queen's Drive, was the golden age of the industrial Sinclair House, 1 6 Bernard Tenace, Foel, Parc Bryn Coch, Mold, Clwyd London N4 2BB museum and that from 2000 Edinburgh EH8 9NX CH7 ING Region 11: HOME COUNTIES something else will take their place. Region 2: IRELAND Region 7: WEST MIDLANDS Oxfordshire, Bedfordshire, Berkshire,

In Southwark, Bankside Power Michael Coulter, Department of S h rops h i re, Staffo rdsh i re, W est Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire Station is due to reopen next May as Environment. Historic Monuments and Midlands, Warwickshire, Hereford and Phil Monis, 71 Van Diemans Road, the new Tate Gallery of Modern Art. Buildings, 5-33 Hill Street, Belfast 1 Worcester Stanford in the Vale, Oxon, SN7 8HW Powell, lronbridge A two-storey addition to the roof will Region 3: NORTHERN ENGLAND John Gorge Region 12:SOUTH EAST Museum Trust, The Wharfage, allow more natural light into the Cumbria, Northumberland, fyne and ENGLAND lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire upper part of the building and is to Wear, Durham and Cleveland Hampshire and lsle of Wight, Surrey, TF8 7AW house a restaurant, Members' Room Fred Brook, Hartland, Redburn, Sussex and Kent and bar. The former Turbine Hall will Hexham, Northumberland NE47 7EA Region 8: EAST MIDLANDS Chris Shepheard, Rose Cottage, 22 become a massive entrance space Region 4: YORKSHIRE AND D erbysh i re, N otti ngh a ms h i re, Ridgeway Hill Road, Farnham, Suney Li ncol nsh i re, Lei cestersh i re and running the full length of the building HUMBERSIDE GU9 815 Nofthamptonshire with access both from the riverside North, South and West Yorkshire, and Region 13: WEST OF ENGTAND David Lyne, 10 Somerville Road, and via a ramp at the west end. The Humberside Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershire, Leicester LE3 2ET conversion of the oower station will Derek Bayliss, 30 Muskoka Avenue, Wiltshire and Dorset cost some fl 34 million. The new Bents Green. Sheffield S1 1 7Rt Region 9: EAST ANGLIA Mike Bone, Sunnyside, Avon Close, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and Gallery is to be linked to the area Region 5: NORTH WEST Keynsham, Bristol BS18 lLQ Essex around 5t Paul's Cathedral on the ENGLAND Region 14: SOUTH WEST David Alderton, 48 Quay Street, opposite side of the river by a Lancashire, Merseyside, Greater ENGTAND Halesworth. Suffolk lP'I9 8EY footbridge designed by Sir Norman Manchester and Cheshire Devon and Cornwall Foster, Ove Arup's and Sir Anthony Mrs Edwina Alcock, 5 Friars Walk, VACANT Caro. Formby, Merseyside 137 4EU

AIA SALES The following items are available from the Sales Officer: AIA REGIONAL GAZETTEERS INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY REVIEW Devon f4.95 Kent f4.95 BACK I''UES South Yorkshire: f4.95 Norfolk: 50p Volumes I - Vl Swansea: f2.35 Nofth West Wales: f3.95 Vol I No.l: sold out West Midlands: f 1.50 Scotland: f1.20 per set (17 issues): fl8.00 plus P + P f5.45 inland, f9.00 overseas WestYorkshire: f| .50 per volume: f 5.00 plus P + P f3.05 inland, f3.80 overseas P P extra: One copy: per issue: f2.00 plus P + P f0.80 inland, f1.50 overseas + 50p inland, fl.1 5 overseas. Volumes Vll - XIll Two copies: 80p inland, fl.45 overseas. Three copies: per volume: f8.00 incl. inland P + P, add f2.75 overseas fl.20 inland, f2.00 overseas copies: per per overseas per issue: f4.00 incl. inland P + P, add f1.60 overseas Additional add 40p copy inland, 70p copy (exceptVol X No.2 (Textiles) and Vol Xll No.1 (Mining): f4.50 incl.) tRts Volumes XIV XVlll - Handbooks: sold out per volume: f12.00 incl. inland P + P, add f2.75 overseas Recording forms: f4.25 per 100 per issue: f6.00 incl. inland P + P, add f1.60 overseas Volumes XIX and XX (new fornat) AIA TIES fl8.00 incl. inland P + P. add f2.20 overseas f6.95inclP+P Index to Vols | - Xll: f 1.50 incl. P + P All prices are for surface mailing. A discount is available to booksellers on all AIA oublications.

Cheques should be made payable to the Association for lndustrial Archaeology and sent with orders to: Roger Ford, AIA Sales Officer, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WVl 5 6AF

The AIA can now accept payments by the following credit cards: ACCESS VlSA MASTERCARD PLEASE WRITE FOR SALES SLIP

14 INDUSTRIAL AR1HAE)L)GY NEW, 111 PUBTICATIONS

Short Notices lronbridge History and Guide, by Richard Hayman and Wendy Horton (Temous Patrimoine de I'industrie: ressources, pratiques, cultures Publishing, 1 999), lSBN 0 1524 1460 7.'l 60pp., 1 00 ills. f1 4.99. lndustrial Patrimony: resources, practices, cultures A'definitive' guide to the surviving buildings and archaeological remains We welcome a new magazine, jointly published by TICCIH and the of lronbridge. Using archaeological and historical evidence the authors chart the rise and fall of the iron, clay and coal industries of lronbridge and bring Ecomus6e de la Communaute urbaine Le Creusot - Montceau les Mines. lt is to life the communities worked edited by Louis Bergeron, the present presidentofTlCClH and will be published that in them. twice a year. The first issue, of 128 pages in 44 format, contains 19 short Marconi and his wireless stations in Wales, by Hari Williams (Carreg articles, of which all but two were delivered as papers at a conference Gwalch, 1999), lSBN 0 86381 536 7. 110 pp., 38 ills. f4.50. 'Patrimoine industriel et effets de taille' held at Le Creusot in 1 997. Reflecting Transatlantic cables came ashore in Wales and long-wave transmitting its international coverage, there are nineteen papers in English, French, ltalian and receiving stations were erected at Waunfawr and Tywyn. This book deals and Spanish but abstracts are provided in English. Reviews of books from with their history. world-wide sources are also included. Individual annual subscriptions for South West Granite: a history of the granite industry in Cornwall and European residents will be 309F, 245F for TICCIH members and 203F for Devon, by Peter Stanier (Cornish Hillside Publications, 1 999), ISBN 1 900 1 47 students. AIA members will be receivino a mail shot and invitation to subscribe 14 9.223pp.,87 ills, f 18.99 (f 14.99 paperback). in due course. The story of the important quarrying industry and stone trade is told in The Lee Moor Tramway: A Pictorial Record, by R.E. Taylor (Twelveheads full for the first time, with many references to the industrial archaeology. Press, 1999) ISBN 0 906294 42 8. 96pp., 148 ills, f16.00 Steam and the river, by William P. Carlin (Rocket Press, 1999), ISBN 0 Built in 1859, with horse-drawn, and later steam sections between two 9535164 0 2, 23 pp., 9 ills., f3.90 inc p/p. cable-hauled inclines, this 4ft 6in gauge tramway served the west Dartmoor Written by a descendant of George Stephenson's sister Anne, this book china clay industry until 1960. This book brings together a remarkable traces the family association with the 0hio, Allegheny and Monongahela collection of photographs, most never published before. rivers in the USA. Scotland's Inland Waterways, by P.J.G. Ransom (NMS Publishing Ltd, 1999) The Industrial Archaeology and lndustrial History of South Western ISBN 901663 22 1. 80pp, 36 ills, f5.99. England: A Bibliography, compiled by John Greenwood (Merton Priory Press, This book relates the part played by inland waterways in Scottish life 1 999), ISBN 1 898937 28 1.253 pp. f30.00. from prehistoric times to the early twentieth century. lt gives the vital This book contains 3,888 references to books, pamphlets, articles and background to the modern schemes of redevelopment and restoration which unpublished theses relating to all aspects of the history of agriculture, industry are bringing the waterways back into prominence. and transport in the city of Bristol, the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Sheffield lndustries: Cutlery, Silver and Edge fools, compiled by Joan Gloucestershire. Somerset and Wiltshire. Unwin & Ken Hawley (lmages of England Series: Tempus, 1999) ISBN The Salt and coal industries at 5t Monans, Fife in the lSth and 19th 0752416588, f9.99. centuries, ed. by Peter Yeoman (Tayside an Fife Archaeological Committee, This collection of images comes principally from the Hawley Tool Collection Glenrothes, 1999), lSSN 1360-5550, 69 pp., 54 ills. f6.50 inc. p/p. and depicts the skilled processes of manufacturing cutlery, tools and The Newark Coal and Salt Company flourished to the east of St Monans silveruvare. Many of the photographs have been donated by craftsmen and in east Fife, Scotland between 1771 and 1794. Coastal erosion precipitated a firms, some have been taken by Ken Hawley and others are reprints of rescue excavation of part of the saltpans complex, which led to more extensive illustrations from old trade catalogues; most have not been reproduced before. investigations. The site has now been landscaped for display. Structural appraisal for iron-framed textile mills, by Tom Swailes & Joe The slate regions of North and Mid Wales, by Alun John Richards (Caneg Marsh (Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 998) ISBN 0 7277 2113 3, 64pp, 83 ills, f 1 9.50. Gwalch, 1999), ISBN 0 86381 5529.219 pp., 48 ills. f7.50. This ICE Design and Practice Guide, produced by the Institution of Civil This volumes provides brief accounts and location details of some 600 or Engineers, provides an introduction to the subject for practising civil engineers so sites and almost 40 tramways and railways which provide evidence of this who have limited experience in this area and an overview of the subject for once extensive extractive industry. more experienced engineers. W.H. Auden, Pennine Poet, by Alan Myers & Robert Forsythe (North Sweat and lnspiration: Pioneers of the lndustrial Age, by Martin Worth Fennines Heritage Trust, 1999), ISBN 0 9513535 78. 60 pp., 19 illus. f3.50. (Sutton Publishing)l5BN 0 75091660 5,224pp,67 ills, f18.99. W.H. Auden first visited Rookhope in 1919 and continued to visit the The story of the great engineering pioneers of the nineteenth century, moors between Brough and Hexham until the year before his death in 1973. including such figures as lsambard Kingdom Brunel, George and Robert The authors chart the chronology of his engagement with this northern Stephenson, Thomas Telford and Richard Trevithick. This book looks at them landscape revealing how detailed some of his plays are in their knowledge of together, as their turbulent careers interuuove with each other, and reveals the area. A detailed analysis of the named locations used in Auden's writinqs their work in a new light. The book will reach out to anyone fascinated by is also included. ingenuity and awe-struck by the remarkable and still standing creations of those great engineers.

Anne Jones Booksearch Service Books Received The following books have been received for review in Industrial Archaeology 'Bryher' Bamcoose Terrace Review. Redruth, Cornwall TR15 3EP Telephone 01209 211180 A man worth his salt, by Gordon Ewart & Andrew Dunn ( Fife Council, 1997) ISBN 1 873162 13 4.20 pp, 18 illus. f3.50. A selection ofsecondhand and out ofprint books for sale This booklet describes the recent excavations at the salt pans, Preston lndustrial Archaeology:- Canals, Railways, Bridges, early lsland, Fife, Scotland, Engineers, Steam and Engineering interest Please phone or write for list Coal mining in Lunesdale, by Philip J. Hudson (Hudson History, 1998), 15BN 0 9533643 0 5. 303 pp,, 131 ills. f 15.00. Free book search also available An introductory study into the history of coal mining in the valley of the Details on request River Lune and its tributaries in north-west Enqland.

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 111 15 DIARY

22 January 2OOO Geoff Fitton InterNAMHO2000 will be 'aquire, Seotember. Details from: THE ARCHAEOTOGY OF Giles Cottage record and display'. Events will TICCIH Congress Administrator, INDUSTRIALISATION IN Hill Lane include indoor lectures and a large 42 Devonshire Road. N, W. ENGLAND Brent Knoll selection of excursions to mining Cambridge CB1 2BL at Portland Basin Museum. Ashton- Highbridge TA9 4DF heritage sites. For further information 8 +44 (01 1223 323437 under-Lyne. Contact Dr M. Nevell, I 0r278 760869 and booking forms, write to Fax: +44 (0) 1223 460396 University of Manchester e-mail : [email protected]. uk Lawrence Holmes, 8-15 September 2OOO Archaeology Unit, University of Rivergafth, 24-30 April 2OOO AIA ANNUAT CONFERENCE Manchester, 0xford Road, Malpas, AIA VISIT TO SPAIN at Hulme Hall. Manchester. Advance Manchester Ml3 9PL. Truro, exploration of lA in the area between notice only. Further information will 8 0161 2752317 Cornwall TRI 1SS Madrid and Cordoba, Spain. Includes appear later. Fax:0161 2752315 01872 278234 the windmills of La Mancha, water 8 e-mail: [email protected] mills, wine cellars, distillery, e-mail: [email protected] 1 April 2OOO gunpowder works and many more 3OAugust-TSeptember lnformation for the diary should be sent SERIAC sites. Please contact: 2000 directly to the Edttor as soon as rt is avail- the South East Region lA Conference, Paul Saulter. TrcoH 2000 able. Dates of mailing and last dates for given at Chertsey, organised by the Suney 62 Marley Road, the 1 1 th Congress of the receipt o{ copy are below. ltens Industrial History Group. Details, Rye, lnternational Committee for the will normally appear in successive issues when available, from: East Sussex TN31 7BD. Conservation of the Industrial up to the date of the event. Please en- Alan Thomas. Heritage, with plenary and workshop sure details are sent in rf you wsh your 14-18 July 2OOO 6 Birches Close, themes held at lmperial College in event to be advised. 1ST INTERNATIONAL Epson, London from 30 August to 2 NAMHO CONFERENCE Surrey KTl8 5JG. September 2000, followed by a the 2 1 st annual event of the National choice of tours to Cornwall, Scotland 8 April 2OO0 Association of Mining History or Wales from 3-7 September and a SWWRIAC Organisations goes international, concluding evening in Manchester on the South Wales and West Region lA hosted by the Carn Brea Mining 7 Seotember. There is then the Conference, at the Town Hall, Society and Camborne School of opportunity to attend the AIA Bridgwater, Somerset, organised by Mines at Truro School, Truro, Conference which starts on 8 the Somerset lA Society. Details from: Cornwall. The theme of INDUSTRIAT ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS (formerly AIA Bulletin lSSN 0309-0051) t55N 1354-1455

Editor: Dr Peter Stanier

Published by the Association for lndustrial Archaeology. Contributions should be sent to the Editor, Dr Peter Stanier, 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8LF. News and press releases may be sent to the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01747 854707.

Final copy dates are as follows:

30 March for May mailing 30 June for August mailing 30 September for November mailing 30 December for February mailing

The AIA was established in | 973 to promote the study of lndustrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication lt aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of lndustrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research The AIA publishes an annual Review and quafteily News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA 0ffice, School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH.

8 0l | 6 252 5337 Fax: 01 1 6 252 5005

The views expressed in this bulletin are not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology

16 @ Association for Industrial Archaeology, November 1999

Pre-press origination by TBC Electronic Publishing, Shaftesbury, Dorset Printed by Graphikon, Gillingham, Dorset