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An Ontology-Based Approach to Manage Conflicts in Collaborative Design Moisés Lima Dutra

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An Ontology-Based Approach to Manage Conflicts in Collaborative Design Moisés Lima Dutra An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design Moisés Lima Dutra To cite this version: Moisés Lima Dutra. An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design. Other [cs.OH]. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. English. NNT : 2009LYO10241. tel-00692473 HAL Id: tel-00692473 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692473 Submitted on 30 Apr 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE PRESENTEE DEVANT L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 POUR L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT EN INFORMATIQUE (ARRETE DU 7 AOUT 2006) PRESENTEE ET SOUTENUE PUBLIQUEMENT LE 27 NOVEMBRE 2009 PAR M. MOISÉS LIMA DUTRA AN ONTOLOGY-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGE CONFLICTS IN COLLABORATIVE DESIGN (Une approche basée sur les ontologies pour la gestion de conflits dans un environnement collaboratif) DIRECTEURS DE THESE : PARISA GHODOUS (UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1) RICARDO GONÇALVES (“ORIENTADOR PELA FCT/UNL”, UNIVERSITE NOUVELLE DE LISBONNE) JURY : ARIS OUKSEL (RAPPORTEUR,PROFESSEUR DES UNIVERSITES, UNIVERSITE D’ILLINOIS, USA) YVON GARDAN (RAPPORTEUR,PROFESSEUR DES UNIVERSITES, UNIVERSITE DE REIMS) SHAW FENG (EXAMINATEUR,CHERCHEUR, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, USA) YAMINE AIT AMEUR (EXAMINATEUR,PROFESSEUR DES UNIVERSITES, UNIVERSITE DE POITIER) PARISA GHODOUS (EXAMINATEUR,PROFESSEUR DES UNIVERSITES) RICARDO GONÇALVES (EXAMINATEUR,CHERCHEUR) AN ONTOLOGY-BASED APPROACH TO MANAGE CONFLICTS IN COLLABORATIVE DESIGN MOISÉS LIMA DUTRA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITÉ CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE ADVISORS: PARISA GHODOUS (UNIVERSITY OF LYON 1) RICARDO GONÇALVES (“ORIENTADOR PELA FCT/UNL”, NEW UNIVERSITY OF LISBON) COMMITTEE: ARIS OUKSEL (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, USA) YVON GARDAN (UNIVERSITY OF REIMS,FRANCE) SHAW FENG (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS, USA) YAMINE AIT AMEUR (UNIVERSITY OF POITIER,FRANCE) PARISA GHODOUS RICARDO GONÇALVES ii To my Mother and Father, Sister and Niece. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisors Parisa Ghodous and Ricardo Gonçalves, for their full support and encouragement during the development of this Ph.D. thesis. I am very fortunate to have had the opportunity to work under their supervision. I also thank the committee members Aris Ouksel, Yvon Gardan, Shaw Feng, and Yamine Ait Ameur, for having evaluated this work. I would like to thank Celson Lima as well, for the initial help and support during the begining of this work. Then, I would like to thank my colleagues at the University of Lyon 1, Catarina Ferreira da Silva, Samer Ghafour, Patrick Hoffmann, Lionel Médini, Olivier Kuhn, Youssef Roummieh, Mahmoud Barhamgi, Nguyen Minh Tri, and Kamel Slimani. I also thank the Portuguese colleagues João Sarraipa, Carlos Agostinho, and Marco Delgado. I thank my family, for everything that they have done for me in the past five years. I wish to further thank Bill Siple, for the thesis review, and Alexandre Stauffer, for the previous reading of the thesis. Finally, I would like to thank all the friends that I have made during my stay in France and Portugal, especially those from the French-Brazilian association BrasilParaTi, in Lyon. Moisés Dutra iv Résumé De nos jours, les projets de conception complexes de produits exigent que les équipes de concepteurs se réunissent pour faciliter le partage de leurs compétences et expertises respectives afin de produire un ensemble de solutions de conception efficace. Dû au besoin croissant d’échanger les connaissances, les projets de conception modernes sont encore plus structurés pour travailler avec des équipes distribuées qui collaborent sur un réseau informatique pour accomplir une conception optimale de produit. Néanmoins, dans ce processus de conception collaborative, l'intégration d'équipes multidisciplinaires – qui implique l'échange et le partage des connaissances et compétences – génère fréquemment des situations conflictuelles. Les différents points de vue et perspectives des experts, les différentes façons de communiquer et collaborer au niveau de connaissances, rendent le processus difficilement maitrisable. Pour accomplir un scénario optimal, certains problèmes doivent d’abords être résolus comme la spécification et formalisation des besoins, l’intégration d'ontologies, la détection et la résolution des conflits. Spécifier et formaliser les connaissances demandent un grand effort afin d’obtenir un modèle de représentation pour agréger plusieurs domaines différents des connaissances. Chaque expert pourrait s'exprimer afin que les autres comprennent leurs informations correctement. Il est donc nécessaire d’utiliser un modèle de représentation de données suffisamment clair et flexible pour accomplir cette tâche. Certains modèles actuels ne parviennent pas à fournir une solution efficace pour le partage des connaissances et pour la collaboration des projets de conception, car ces modèles n’intègrent pas les aspects géographiques, temporels, fonctionnels de la conception avec un modèle de représentation des connaissances flexible et générique. Ce travail propose une architecture, pour la conception collaborative, qui ambitionne d'être synchrone, générique, orientée aux services, basée sur les agents, et basée sur les ontologies. Des modèles particuliers de représentation sont transformés en instances d'ontologie et sont fusionnés pour accomplir le model final de conception d’un produit. C'est une approche synchrone parce que le processus de fusion est entrepris en même temps que l'interaction entre concepteurs. C'est générique parce qu'elle permet aux utilisateurs de travailler avec deux approches pour l’intégration d'ontologies : celle qui utilise une ontologie générique et celle qui utilise un processus d'harmonisation. Notre proposition se concentre sur les conflits de la conception collaborative et fait usage de Web Ontology Language (OWL) et des Services Web, le premier comme langage pour représenter les connaissances et le dernier comme un support technologique pour la communication. Mots-clés : Conception Collaborative, Ontologies, Services Web, Synchronicité, Généricité, Raisonnement et Harmonisation. v Abstract Today’s complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams – involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise – frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts’ viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication. Keywords: Collaborative Design, Ontologies, Web Services, Synchronicity, Genericness, Reasoning, and Harmonization. vi Contents LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ X LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................
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