State of the Regions 2001
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State of the Regions 2001 Sponsored by: Sydney Melbourne Canberra Head Office Suite 7-G11 416 Queens Parade 5 Swinden Street Australian Technology Park Clifton Hill Downer Garden Street Victoria 3068 Canberra Alexandria NSW 2015 ACT 2602 Tel: (02) 9209 4053 Tel: (03) 9488 8444 Tel: (02) 6241 2302 Fax: (02) 9209 4055 Fax: (03) 9482 3262 Fax: (02) 6253 8662 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements State of the Regions is a team effort. National Economics would like to acknowledge the support provided by our friends and colleagues at Spiller Gibbins Swan, Economics and Planning, for their work in preparing the case studies and Rodin Genoff, Economic Development Manager, City of Playford, for providing information of their innovative approach to economic development. In particular, we would like to thank the countless people in local and regional organisations for providing their time and insights into many of the exciting developments in Australia’s regions. The work on the benchmarking project has been assisted by the Commonwealth Government’s Local Government Incentive Program 2001. Contents Page no. Executive summary i 1. Overview 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Regions and the knowledge-based economy 1 1.3 Methodology 3 2. Core metropolitan regions 6 2.1 Brisbane 7 2.2 Sydney 8 2.3 Canberra 10 2.4 Melbourne 10 2.5 Hobart 12 2.6 Adelaide 12 2.7 Perth 14 2.8 Darwin 15 3. Dispersed metropolitan regions 16 3.1 Melbourne 18 3.2 Sydney 19 3.3 Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane 19 4. Industrial production regions 21 4.1 Lower Hunter 25 4.2 Northern Illawarra 26 4.3 Gladstone Qld 28 4.4 Fremantle-Rockingham 28 4.5 Geelong 28 4.6 Ipswich 29 5. Lifestyle regions 30 5.1 Factors impacting economic performance and prospects 32 5.1.1 Economic base 32 5.1.2 Identify and profile 33 5.1.3 Climate 33 5.1.4 Transport infrastructure 33 5.1.5 Accessibility 33 5.2 Lifestyle region snapshots 34 5.2.1 Far North Queensland 34 5.2.2 Sunshine Coast 34 5.2.3 Northern Coast NSW 35 5.2.4 South East New South Wales 35 6. Rural based regions 37 6.1 Population dynamics 40 6.2 Global protection and downturn 41 6.3 Lagging rural and household incomes 41 6.4 Demise of small towns and family farms 41 6.5 Financing rural development 42 6.6 Rural innovation and skills 43 6.7 Environmental degradation 44 Contents (continued) Page no. 7. Resource based and remote regions 45 7.1 Coal 47 7.2 Oil 48 7.3 Natural gas 48 7.4 Alumina and aluminium 49 7.5 Copper – lead – zinc 49 7.6 Gold 49 7.7 Iron ore 49 8. Macroeconomic environment 50 8.1 Introduction 50 8.2 Commodity prices 53 8.3 Consumer prices 54 8.4 Wages and CPI 55 8.5 Domestic interest rates 56 8.6 Current account deficit 57 8.7 Consumption expenditure 58 8.8 Labour markets 59 8.9 Gross domestic product 60 8.10 Exchange rates 61 9. Australian regions and the new learning economy 63 9.1 The modern learning economy: the regional dimension 63 9.2 The OECD study: measuring learning capacity and performance 64 9.3 The OECD findings 65 9.4 The NIEIR Australian results 66 9.5 Conclusion 67 10. Regional knowledge-based economies: Australian case studies 78 10.1 Gippsland 78 10.1.1 Introduction 78 10.1.2 Regional overview 79 10.1.3 Economic development 79 10.1.4 Organisational learning 81 10.1.5 Individual learning 86 10.2 Gold Coast region 87 10.2.1 Introduction 87 10.2.2 Regional overview 87 10.2.3 Economic development 89 10.2.4 Organisational learning 92 10.2.5 Regional policy 94 10.2.6 Regional Economic Development Strategy – key ‘learning’ objectives 94 10.2.7 R&D, educational institutions and industry services 96 10.2.8 Individual learning 97 Contents (continued) Page no. 10. Regional knowledge-based economies: Australian case studies (continued) 10.3 New England North Western NSW 98 10.3.1 Introduction 98 10.3.2 Regional overview 98 10.3.3 Economic development 99 10.3.4 Organisational learning 99 10.3.5 Regional policy 101 10.3.6 R&D, educational institutions and industry services 102 10.3.7 Vocational education and training 102 10.3.8 Individual learning 103 10.4 Northern Tasmania 104 10.4.1 Introduction 104 10.4.2 Regional overview 104 10.4.3 Regional policy 105 10.4.4 Organisation learning 108 10.4.5 Industry dynamics 108 10.4.6 Individual learning 111 10.4.7 Social capital 113 10.5 City of Playford, SA – A case study of cluster building 115 10.5.1 Background 115 10.5.2 Playford industry clusters 116 10.5.3 Electronics/Engineering cluster 117 10.5.4 Food cluster 117 10.5.5 Outcomes 118 10.6 South West Urban System 121 10.6.1 Introduction 121 10.6.2 Regional overview 121 10.6.3 Economic development 122 10.6.4 Organisational learning 125 10.6.5 Regional policy 126 10.6.6 R&D, education industry services 128 10.7 Greater Western Sydney 132 10.7.1 Introduction 132 10.7.2 Regional overview 132 10.7.3 Economic development 133 10.7.4 Organisational learning 133 10.7.5 Regional policy 134 10.7.6 R&D, educational institutions and industry services 136 10.7.7 Individual learning 137 10.8 Wide Bay-Burnett 138 10.8.1 Introduction 138 10.8.2 Regional overview 138 10.8.3 Economic development 139 10.8.4 Organisational learning 140 10.8.5 Regional policy 141 10.8.6 Economic development 142 10.8.7 R&D, educational institutions and industry services 144 10.8.8 Individual learning 145 Contents (continued) Page no. 10. Regional knowledge-based economies: Australian case studies (continued) 10.9 Ballarat 146 10.9.1 Introduction 146 10.9.2 Regional overview 146 10.9.3 Economic development 147 10.9.4 Organisational learning 148 10.9.5 Regional policy 150 10.9.6 R&D, education institutions and industry services 151 10.9.7 Individual learning 152 11. A framework for the regional knowledge-based economies 155 11.1 Regional knowledge-based economic strategies 155 11.2 Industry cluster and network policies and programs 156 11.3 Increasing investment in education, research and technological infrastructure and knowledge infrastructure 157 11.4 Community economic development 158 11.5 Coordination between federal, state and local government to support local and regional knowledge based initiatives 158 11.6 Policies to increase investment in regional infrastructure and industry 159 11.7 Learning communities program 160 Appendix 1. Knowledge Economies, Globalisation and Generative Growth: Implications for Policy A.2 Appendix 2. New boundaries – an explanation A.22 A2.1 A note on regional boundaries A.22 A2.2 Regional classification A.26 A2.3 Regional indicators A.28 A2.4 Index of localities A.37 A2.5 Index of region membership A.44 Appendix 3. Regional indicators A.51 NSW Central West A.52 NSW Far and North West A.53 NSW Hunter A.54 NSW Illawarra A.55 NSW Murrumbidgee A.56 NSW Murray A.57 NSW Mid North Coast A.58 NSW North A.59 NSW Richmond-Tweed A.60 NSW South-East A.61 NSW Central Coast A.62 Global Sydney A.63 Sydney Inner West A.64 Sydney Outer North A.65 Sydney Outer South West A.66 Sydney Outer West A.67 Contents (continued) Page no. Appendix 3. Regional indicators (continued) Sydney Mid West A.68 Sydney South A.69 Melbourne East A.70 VIC Gippsland A.71 VIC Barwon A.72 VIC Goulburn A.73 Melbourne Inner A.74 VIC Loddon A.75 VIC Mallee-Wimmera A.76 Melbourne North A.77 VIC Ovens-Hume A.78 Melbourne South A.79 Melbourne West A.80 VIC West A.81 Melbourne Westernport A.82 VIC Central Highlands A.83 QLD Pastoral A.84 QLD Agricultural SW A.85 QLD Far North A.86 QLD Fitzroy A.87 QLD Mackay A.88 QLD North West A.89 QLD North A.90 QLD Wide Bay-Burnett A.91 QLD West Moreton A.92 QLD Gold Coast A.93 QLD Sunshine Coast A.94 Brisbane North A.95 Brisbane City A.96 Adelaide Central A.97 SA Eyre and Yorke A.98 SA Murraylands A.99 Adelaide Plains A.100 SA South East A.101 Adelaide Outer A.102 WA Pilbara-Kimberly A.103 WA Gascoyne-Goldfields A.104 WA Wheatbelt-Great Southern A.105 WA Peel-South West A.106 Perth Central A.107 Perth Outer North A.108 Perth Outer South A.109 Tasmania-South A.110 TAS North West A.111 Tasmania North A.112 Darwin A.113 NT Lingiari A.114 ACT A.115 List of tables Page no. 2.1 Core metropolitan regions: Population and employment change 1998-2001 6 2.2 Population forecasts for Inner Melbourne 10 3.1 Dispersed metropolitan regions: Population and employment change 1998-2001 16 4.1 Population and employment change in industrial production regions 1998-01 22 4.2 Manufacturing R&D as % of manufacturing value added 24 5.1 Population and employment change 1998-2001 31 6.1 Rural and remote regions: population and employment change 1998-2001 38 6.2 Major rural activities by state 40 7.1 Resource-based regions: population and employment change 1998-2001 46 8.1 Major economic aggregates 62 10.1 Gippsland population change 2001-06 79 10.2 Gippsland gross household incomes 1996 80 10.3 Gippsland employment profile 82 10.4 Educational attainment of qualified persons (15+ years) Gippsland, 1996 86 10.5 Employment strengths by local government in industry 91 10.6 Number of people with further education qualifications in Gold Coast region 97 10.7 New England North West, population and labour force trends 98 10.8 Workers by occupation, 1981-1996, New England – North West region 103 10.9 Student enrolments in TAFEs – Northern region 113 10.10 Key population statistics for each sub-region in the SWUS 122 10.11 Metropolitan Perth gross household incomes 1996 124 10.12 Peel gross household incomes 1996 124 10.13 Greater Bunbury gross household incomes 1996 125 10.14 Educational attainment of qualified persons (15+ years) Western Australia 1996, 1991 and 1996, and Perth 1996 131 10.15 Educational attainment