Orizzontecina Rivista Quadrimestrale Di Politica, Relazioni Internazionali E Dinamiche Socio-Economiche Della Cina Contemporanea Volume 11 (2020) N

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Orizzontecina Rivista Quadrimestrale Di Politica, Relazioni Internazionali E Dinamiche Socio-Economiche Della Cina Contemporanea Volume 11 (2020) N OrizzonteCina Rivista quadrimestrale di politica, relazioni internazionali e dinamiche socio-economiche della Cina contemporanea Volume 11 (2020) n. 2 grafica e impaginazione: www.glamlab.it Italia e Cina: 50 anni di relazioni Tra status e agency: Cina e Italia a 50 anni dalla normalizzazione delle relazioni Giovanni B. Andornino “Reality check”: le relazioni bilaterali Italia-Cina in ambito economico dagli anni Settanta alle “nuove Vie della Seta” Giuseppe Gabusi e Giorgio Prodi L’ascesa del populismo e il suo impatto sulle relazioni sino-europee Sun Fanglu Il Mediterraneo allargato e la Cina come “offshore balancer” Andrea Ghiselli e Maria Grazia Giuffrida Italia-Cina: le interazioni in ambito navale e la proiezione cinese nel Mediterraneo allargato Simone Dossi Osservatorio STIP: Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy L’Italia e le società di telecomunicazioni cinesi: congiuntura globale e incertezze interne Francesco Silvestri e Virginia Mariano CinesItaliani Quando i cinesi d’Italia mutarono bandiera e diventarono “cinesi d’oltremare patriottici” Daniele Brigadoi Cologna Recensione Simone Pieranni, Red Mirror. Il nostro futuro si scrive in Cina (Bari e Roma: Laterza, 2020) Giuseppe Gabusi Registrato con il n.56 del 07/08/2018 presso il Tribunale di Torino - ISSN 2280-8035 ISSN 2612-3479 OrizzonteCina E-ISSN 2280-8035 OrizzonteCina pubblica saggi originali e rigorosi Gli autori e le autrici che desiderano sottoporre al fine di promuovere, a livello nazionale, una un manoscritto o comunicare con la redazione più articolata conoscenza del sistema politico, sono invitati a scrivere a [email protected] delle relazioni internazionali e delle dinamiche socioeconomiche della Repubblica popolare DirEttORE RESPONSABILE cinese e della più ampia collettività sinofona. La rivista ospita contributi di ricercatori affermati Giovanni B. Andornino, Università degli Studi di ed emergenti con l’obiettivo di agevolare il Torino dialogo tra diverse prospettive disciplinari, anche favorendo la traduzione in italiano di articoli CONDIRETTORE proposti da studiosi stranieri. Daniele Brigadoi Cologna, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria OrizzonteCina combina gli strumenti interpretativi propri delle scienze sociali con la sensibilità COMITATO EDITORIALE filologica degli studi d’area sinologici e si compone Giovanni B. Andornino, Università degli Studi di di una sezione monografica, costituita da articoli Torino e note di ricerca dedicati all’approfondimento Davor Antonucci, Sapienza, Università di Roma critico di una tematica di particolare salienza, e di specifiche rubriche a cura del Comitato Daniele Brigadoi Cologna, Università degli Studi editoriale. dell’Insubria Daniele Brombal, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Il Comitato editoriale di OrizzonteCina condivide Carlotta Clivio, The London School of Economics e si conforma allo spirito delle raccomandazioni and Political Science del Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Simone Dossi, Università degli Studi di Milano al fine di assicurare la costante e rigorosa Enrico Fardella, Peking University implementazione delle migliori pratiche internazionali per quanto attiene alla correttezza Giuseppe Gabusi, Università degli Studi di Torino etica del processo di pubblicazione della rivista. Andrea Ghiselli, Fudan University Elisa Giunipero, Università Cattolica del Sacro Il Comitato Editoriale di OrizzonteCina accoglie Cuore manoscritti in lingua italiana, inglese e cinese, Simona Grano, University of Zurich che vengono sottoposti a una doppia peer-review: Emma Lupano, Università degli Studi di Cagliari - una revisione a singolo cieco svolta da Arianna Ponzini, Università degli Studi di Torino un membro del Comitato Editoriale affine all’approccio disciplinare di cui l’articolo è Giorgio Prodi, Università degli Studi di Ferrara espressione; Flora Sapio, “L’Orientale” Università degli Studi - una revisione anonima a doppio cieco svolta di Napoli da un Revisore esterno al Comitato Editoriale Francesco Silvestri, Beijing Foreign Studies esperto della tematica trattata nell’articolo. University OrizzonteCina è una rivista scientifica COMITATO DI REDAZIONE quadrimestrale registrata al Tribunale di Torino Govanni B. Andornino, Daniele Brigadoi Cologna, e censita dall’Agenzia nazionale di valutazione Virginia Mariano, Arianna Ponzini (coordinatrice), del sistema universitario e della ricerca (ANVUR). Zhao Meirong Promossa dal Torino World Affairs Institute, la rivista è pubblicata in formato Open Access dal TOChina Centre, centro del Dipartimento di Culture, Politica e Società dell’Università degli Studi di Torino, che ne ha la responsabilità scientifico-redazionale. 2 VOLUME 11 (2020) N. 2 | OrizzonteCina OrizzonteCina Volume 11 (2020) n. 2 Italia e Cina: 50 anni di relazioni Tra status e agency: Cina e Italia a 50 anni dalla normalizzazione delle relazioni Giovanni B. Andornino 4 “Reality check”: le relazioni bilaterali Italia-Cina in ambito economico dagli anni Settanta alle “nuove Vie della Seta” Giuseppe Gabusi e Giorgio Prodi 12 L’ascesa del populismo e il suo impatto sulle relazioni sino-europee Sun Fanglu 26 Il Mediterraneo allargato e la Cina come “offshore balancer” Andrea Ghiselli e Maria Grazia Giuffrida 38 Italia-Cina: le interazioni in ambito navale e la proiezione cinese nel Mediterraneo allargato Simone Dossi 50 Osservatorio STIP: Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy L’Italia e le società di telecomunicazioni cinesi: congiuntura globale e incertezze interne Francesco Silvestri e Virginia Mariano 58 CinesItaliani Quando i cinesi d’Italia mutarono bandiera e diventarono “cinesi d’oltremare patriottici” Daniele Brigadoi Cologna 74 Recensione Simone Pieranni, Red Mirror. Il nostro futuro si scrive in Cina (Bari e Roma: Laterza, 2020) Giuseppe Gabusi 78 OrizzonteCina | VOLUME 11 (2020) N. 2 3 ARTICOLO DI RICERCA OrizzonteCina Vol. 11 (2020), n. 2: 4-11 doi: 10.13135/2280-8035/5297 Tra status e agency: Cina e Italia a 50 anni dalla normalizzazione delle relazioni Giovanni B. Andornino Dipartimento di Culture, Politica e Società, Università degli Studi di Torino Contatto: [email protected] Ricevuto il 12 giugno 2020; accettato il 15 settembre 2020 Abstract The signing of the Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative marks the culmination of several years of deepening relations between Italy and China. While many observers have emphasised the international implications of the first G-7 country formally adhering to Chinese Pre- sident Xi Jinping’s signature foreign policy agenda, more attention needs to be devoted to the domestic politics and political economy rationales underlying Italy’s choices. This article argues that the conten- tious foreign policy move made by Rome’s populist government in 2019 is premised on a trade-off between international status and greater bargaining power on critical trade and investment negotiations. Keywords Chinese foreign policy; Italian foreign policy; Belt and Road Initiative; status; hierarchy Introduzione La Repubblica italiana e la Repubblica popolare cinese (Rpc) giungono a commemorare il 50° anniversario della normalizzazione delle relazioni diplomatiche in un frangente storico che ap- pare tra i meno abilitanti dalla fine del secondo conflitto mondiale. Sul fronte sanitario ed economico, dopo aver compromesso la mobilità tra i due paesi fino quasi ad azzerarla nella primavera 2020, la pandemia da COVID-19 sperimenta oggi una recrudescen- za destinata ad aggravare la recessione dell’economia globale, con pesanti ricadute sociali che potranno incidere in modo significativo anche sugli equilibri globali reali e percepiti.1 Una sur- vey di recente pubblicata dal Pew Research Center,2 condotta nel mese di agosto 2020, mostra come gli italiani riportino la percentuale più alta tra tutti i paesi sondati rispetto a coloro che ri- tengono che la Cina sia già oggi la prima potenza economica globale (57%). Mentre prende vigore il dibattito sul futuro della globalizzazione, tra contrastate dinamiche di reshoring e avventurose ipotesi di de-linking dalla Cina, l’opinione pubblica italiana appare dunque molto sensibile alle implicazioni problematiche della tensione tra vincoli di sicurezza nazionale e opportunità legate all’accesso al mercato e agli investimenti cinesi. 1 Secondo l’Alto Rappresentante dell’Unione Europea per gli Affari Esteri e la Politica di Sicurezza, Josep Borrell, la pandemia da COVID-19 avrà conseguenze “enormi” sul piano geopolitico: “Josep Borrell : « L’Europe n’a aucun intérêt à mener une croisade antichinoise »”, Le Monde, 15 ottobre 2020, disponibile all’Url https://www.lemonde.fr/international/ article/2020/10/15/josep-borrell-il-faut-batir-l-europe-puissance_6056111_3210.html. 2 Laura Silver, Kat Devlin e Christine Huang, “Unfavorable views of China reach historic highs in many countries”, Pew Research Center, 6 ottobre 2020, disponibile all’Url https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of- china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/#in-europe-more-see-china-as-worlds-top-economic-power-than-u-s. 4 VOLUME 11 (2020) N. 2 | OrizzonteCina Giovanni B. Andornino Tale dialettica è resa più stringente, anche per l’Italia, dal rapido deterioramento delle rela- zioni tra Stati Uniti e Rpc. Il discorso del Segretario di Stato Mike Pompeo a Yorba Linda il 23 luglio 2020 ha sintetizzato la ragione di fondo per cui a Washington si considera esaurito l’approccio inclusivo inaugurato da Richard Nixon e Henry Kissinger nei primi anni Settanta del secolo scorso: l’engagement
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