DOCSLIB.ORG

First Record of Phoresy Or Possible Parasitism by the Fresh Water Leech

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Record of Phoresy Or Possible Parasitism by the Fresh Water Leech Herpetology Notes, volume 10: 717-719 (2017) (published online on 08 December 2017) First record of phoresy or possible parasitism by the fresh water leech Helobdella stagnalis (Glossiphoniidae) on Lissotriton helveticus (Caudata: Salamandridae) in the Netherlands Tariq Stark1,*, David Brouwer2, Remco Ploeg2 and Ton Lenders3 Leeches often share the same (aquatic) habitat as (Platt et al., 1993; Tiberti and Gentilli, 2010; Gandola amphibians, in which they may predate or parasitize and Hendry, 2014; Zimić, 2015). In addition, a male anurans and urodelans, or use them as a means of common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus Laurenti, transport (Raffel et al., 2006; Tiberti and Gentilli, 2010; 1768) in the Netherlands was recently found carrying Gandola and Hendry, 2014). This latter phenomenon is leeches (not identified but most likely H. stagnalis) called phoresy (Platt et al., 1993; Tiberti and Gentilli, attached to the dorsum and hind legs (Struijk and van 2010; Gandola and Hendry, 2014). Leeches have been der Heijden, 2015). linked to local declines of amphibians and can act as In this paper, we present the first record of palmate vectors for diseases (Elliott and Tullett, 1984; Toledo, newts (Lissotriton helveticus, Razoumowsky, 1789) 2005; Raffel et al., 2006; Romano and Di Cerbo, 2007; as a host for H. stagnalis and we discuss prevalence, Wells, 2007; Ayres and Iglesias, 2008; Beukema and parasitism, phoresy and possible disease transmission. de Pous, 2010; Kutschera et al., 2010; Stead and Pope, Our observations were made in the context of an ongoing 2010). study on the effects of Dermocystid parasites (Class: The fresh water leech Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, Mesomycetozoea) on palmate newts. The site where this 1758) is a predatory species which feeds on a wide array study takes place (Melickerheide; 51.17562; - 6.04373, of freshwater invertebrates, but especially oligochaetes, WGS84) is a partly forested area in National Park De chironomids and aquatic snails (van Haaren et al., 2004). Meinweg, located in the Dutch Province Limburg east The distribution of H. stagnalis is global (save Australia) of the city Roermond. A total of eleven semi-natural, and it is a very common species in Europe where this (semi-) permanent ponds (in an area of approximate +/- leech inhabits many fresh water habitats (Dresscher 1400 x 1700 m, with all ponds restricted to an area of and Higler, 1982; van Haaren et al., 2004). Helobdella +/- 500 x 300m) were monitored on a weekly basis from stagnalis has been identified as a (facultative) amphibian 27 February 2017 until 20 June 2017. Water surface area parasite in two anuran and two urodelan species: yellow- per pond ranged from 30 to 480 m2 with most ponds bellied toad (Bombina variegata Linnaeus, 1758), (n=8) having an average water surface of 100 – 150 m2 . common frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1759), Plant cover of each pond varied at the time, ranging from tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum Green, 1825) 75-95 % (n= 4), 70-80% (n=1), 30-50% (n=3), 10-20% and smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris Linnaeus 1758) (n=2) and 0% (n=1). The local amphibian community consists of common frogs, pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae Camerano, 1882), edible frogs (P. klepton esculentus Linnaeus, 1758), common toads (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758), natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita 1 Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands. Laurenti, 1768: rare), smooth newts, palmate newts and Toernooiveld 1 alpine newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris Laurenti, 1768). 6525 ED Nijmegen, the Netherlands Only palmate newts were found to carry leeches during 2 Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, 8934 CJ Leeuwarden, the Netherlands the current study. 3 Royal Natural History Society in Limburg. Godsweerderstraat Palmate newts were captured with a dip net, after 2, 6041 GH Roermond, the Netherlands which morphometrics and photographs for recapture * Corresponding author e-mail: t.stark�ravon.nl purposes (by means of CMR software Wild-ID) were 718 Tariq Stark et al. WGS84) which has a variable area (between 0-30 m2) dependent on rainfall, and often dries up completely in summer. Prevalence was 42.9% (n=7) for the single pond and 0.5% for all ponds (across all study ponds we collected 604 newts). Most leeches moved freely on the newts’ skin after capture although a few near the axial region, head and cloaca seemed to be attached to the newts. Some leeches seemed to be attached by the mouth parts (head and caudal region) and some by Figure 1. Lateral view of a female Lissotriton helveticus with the caudal sucker (Figure 1). Abrasions, haemorrhages two Helobdella stagnalis leeches attached to the head (Photo or other irregularities due to possible parasitism were by Remco Ploeg). not observed. However, it is possible that small or microscopic abrasions were present but remained undetected. In addition, the seemingly attached leeches were located near regions including many lymphatic taken and the presence, location and number of lesions vessels, such as the axial region and cloaca. Some of indicative of Dermocystid infection of each individual the leeches located on the head were darker and looked were assessed (González-Hernández et al., 2010; Fiegna more engorged than individuals found elsewhere on et al., 2017, Stark, unpublished data). Abiotic conditions the newts, which might indicate feeding. Therefore, of the pond and plant cover were also measured. On two we cannot rule out parasitism, while noting that our separate occasions (Febr. 27th, March 7th 2017), three observations however might solely indicate a phoretic palmate newts with leeches on various parts of the body interaction. None of the infected palmate newts were were observed in a single pond (Table 1). The leeches recaptured over the duration of the study. were identified as H. stagnalis due to the presence of Abrasions, haemorrhages, melanophore accumulations the chitinized nuchal scute and two eyes which are and local dermic inflammation in a common frog highly distinctive features of this species (Dresscher carrying leeches as described in Tiberti and Gentilli and Higler, 1982; Sawyer, 1986). None were collected. (2010) suggest that the proboscis of H. stagnalis is Palmate newts with leeches were only caught in the capable of successfully puncturing amphibian skin. smallest of the eleven ponds (51.1753527; - 6.0408016, Breaches in the skin due to feeding leeches might Table 1. Details of three Lissotriton helveticus carrying Helobdella stagnalis leeches. The measured morphometrics were abbreviated1 Table as 1follows:: Details ofSnout three VentLissotriton Length helveticus (SVL), carrying Tail Length Helobdella (TL), stagnalis Filament leeches. Length The measured (FL). morphometrics were abbreviated as follows: Snout Vent Length (SVL), 2 Tail Length (TL), Filament Length (FL). 3 Species Lissotriton helveticus Lissotriton helveticus Lissotriton helveticus Sex Female Male Female Date 27-2-2017 27-2-2017 7-3-2017 SVL (mm) 36 33 32 TL (mm) 35 31 36 FL (mm) 1 3 0.5 Total length (mm) 72 67 68.5 Number of H. stagnalis 4 2 3 H. stagnalis location One on dorsal side of head, One on the belly and one One on the belly and two on one on lateral side of head, on the base of the tail the lateral side of the body one on the cloaca and on the base of the tail Presence Dermocystid lesions absent absent absent Pond temperature (°C) 10 10 7.4 Pond acidity (pH) 8.5 8.5 6.7 Electric conductivity (µS/cm) 52 52 39 Plant Cover (%) 70 70 80 4 1 First record of parasitism or phoresy by Helobdella stagnalis on Lissotriton helveticus 719 leave the host more vulnerable for infectious agents González-Hernández, M., Denoël, M., Duffus, A.J., Garner, in the environment though (Raffel et al., 2006). In a T.W., Cunningham, A.A., Acevedo-Whitehouse, K. (2010): recent study of European medicinal leeches (Hirudo Dermocystid infection and associated skin lesions in free- living palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus) from southern medicinalis) in the Meinweg National Park (Lenders, France. Parasitology International 59: 344-350. 2015) it was established that this species feeds on Kutschera, U., Roth, M., Ewert, J.P. (2010): Feeding on bufoid common frog, common toad and spadefoot toad. It was toads and occurrence of hyperparasitism in a population suggested that young specimens most likely predate of the medicinal leech (Hirudo verbena Carena 1820). palmate newts, as being the most abundant and wide Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology 5: 9-13. spread amphibian species in the National Park. In this Lenders, A.J.W. (2015): The medical leech back in the Meinweg particular area leeches might have a larger impact on National Park. Is this protected parasite still under threat? Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 104: 61-67. the amphibian community than previously noted. Platt, T.R., Sever, D.M., Gonzalez, V.L. (1993): First report of From our observations we cannot determine if H. the predaceous leech Helobdella stagnalis (Rhynchobdellida: stagnalis has a parasitic or purely phoretic relationship Glossiphoniidae) as a parasite of an amphibian, Ambystoma with L. helveticus in this area. Our observations describe tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata). The American Midland the first record of a phoretic relationship between H. Naturalist 129: 208-210. stagnalis and L. helveticus and the third case of phoresy Raffel, T.R., Dillard, J.R., Hudson, P.J. (2006): Field evidence of H. stagnalis on a urodelan host. for leech-borne transmission of amphibian Ichthyophonus sp. Journal of Parasitology 92: 1256-1264. Romano, A., Di Cerbo, A.R. (2007): Leech predation on amphibian Acknowledgements. This study was performed under permit eggs. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53: 750-754. FF/75A/2016/015 issued by Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Sawyer, R.T. (1986): Feeding biology, ecology and systematics. In: Conservation the Netherlands. We would like to thank S. Holland, Leech biology and behaviour, 2nd Edition, p. 419-793.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EMYDIDAE P Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles
    REPTILIA: TESTUDINES: EMYDIDAE P Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Pseudemysj7oridana: Baur, 1893:223 (part). Pseudemys texana: Brimley, 1907:77 (part). Seidel, M.E. and M.J. Dreslik. 1996. Pseudemys concinna. Chrysemysfloridana: Di tmars, 1907:37 (part). Chrysemys texana: Hurter and Strecker, 1909:21 (part). Pseudemys concinna (LeConte) Pseudemys vioscana Brimley, 1928:66. Type-locality, "Lake River Cooter Des Allemands [St. John the Baptist Parrish], La." Holo- type, National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 79632, Testudo concinna Le Conte, 1830: 106. Type-locality, "... rivers dry adult male collected April 1927 by Percy Viosca Jr. of Georgia and Carolina, where the beds are rocky," not (examined by authors). "below Augusta on the Savannah, or Columbia on the Pseudemys elonae Brimley, 1928:67. Type-locality, "... pond Congaree," restricted to "vicinity of Columbia, South Caro- in Guilford County, North Carolina, not far from Elon lina" by Schmidt (1953: 101). Holotype, undesignated, see College, in the Cape Fear drainage ..." Holotype, USNM Comment. 79631, dry adult male collected October 1927 by D.W. Tesrudofloridana Le Conte, 1830: 100 (part). Type-locality, "... Rumbold and F.J. Hall (examined by authors). St. John's river of East Florida ..." Holotype, undesignated, see Comment. Emys (Tesrudo) concinna: Bonaparte, 1831 :355. Terrapene concinna: Bonaparte, 183 1 :370. Emys annulifera Gray, 183 1:32. Qpe-locality, not given, des- ignated as "Columbia [Richland County], South Carolina" by Schmidt (1953: 101). Holotype, undesignated, but Boulenger (1889:84) listed the probable type as a young preserved specimen in the British Museum of Natural His- tory (BMNH) from "North America." Clemmys concinna: Fitzinger, 1835: 124.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Confirmation of the North American Leech Placobdella Ornata (Verrill, 1872) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) in Europe
    BioInvasions Records (2015) Volume 4, Issue 3: 185–188 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2015.4.3.05 © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Rapid Communication Molecular confirmation of the North American leech Placobdella ornata (Verrill, 1872) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) in Europe Jan Soors1*, Joost Mertens2, William E. Moser3, Dennis J. Richardson4, Charlotte I. Hammond4 and Eric A. Lazo-Wasem5 1Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, 1070 Brussels, Belgium 2Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM), Raymonde de Larochelaan 1, 9051 Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Belgium 3Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum Support Center MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746 USA 4School of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mt. Carmel Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06518 USA 5Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 USA E-mail: [email protected] (JS), [email protected] (JM), [email protected] (WEM), [email protected] (DJR), [email protected] (CIH), [email protected] (EALW) *Corresponding author Received: 28 January 2015 / Accepted: 15 May 2015 / Published online: 12 June 2015 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract Specimens of the North American leech, Placobdella ornata (Verrill, 1872) were confirmed from the Donkmeer, a freshwater lake in the province of East Flanders, Belgium, by morphological and molecular analysis. Leech specimens from Belgium were morphologically consistent with the syntype series and description of P. ornata by Verrill (1872). Molecular comparison of the Belgian specimens to specimens of P. ornata from the type locality (New Haven, Connecticut, USA) using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene revealed a similarity of 99.5%.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Gate Leech Helobdella Californica (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae): Occurrence and DNA-Based Taxonomy of a Species Restricted to San Francisco
    Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 96 2011 3 286–295 DOI: 10.1002/iroh.201111311 U. KUTSCHERA Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34109 Kassel, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Research Paper The Golden Gate Leech Helobdella californica (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae): Occurrence and DNA-Based Taxonomy of a Species Restricted to San Francisco key words: leeches, eutrophication, endemic species, DNA barcoding, parental care Abstract Leeches of the genus Helobdella are small brooding annelids that inhabit lakes and streams on every continent, notably in South America. The type species, H. stagnalis L. 1758, occurs in Europe and North America. Here I provide novel observations on the occurrence, morphology, and parental care patterns of the related H. californica, a taxon described in 1988, based on specimens collected in Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. In 2007, the original H. californica population no longer existed, possibly due to eutrophication of this popular “duck pond”. However, in other, cleaner lakes of the Golden Gate Park dense, stable populations of H. californica were discovered. Between 2007 and 2010 adult individuals were investigated in the laboratory with respect to their pigment patterns and feeding behaviour. The leeches suck the red, haemoglobin-rich haemolymph from insect larvae (Chironomus sp.) and other small aquatic invertebrates and feed their young attached to their ven- tral surface. A typical feeding episode is described and documented. In addition, a neighbour-joining analysis was performed based on a newly acquired DNA sequence of part of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO-I) for H.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Freshwater Invertebrates
    Identification of Freshwater Invertebrates © 2008 Pennsylvania Sea Grant To request copies, please contact: Sara Grisé email: [email protected] Table of Contents A. Benthic Macroinvertebrates……………………….………………...........…………1 Arachnida………………………………..………………….............….…2 Bivalvia……………………...…………………….………….........…..…3 Clitellata……………………..………………….………………........…...5 Gastropoda………………………………………………………..............6 Hydrozoa………………………………………………….…………....…8 Insecta……………………..…………………….…………......…..……..9 Malacostraca………………………………………………....…….…....22 Turbellaria…………………………………………….….…..........…… 24 B. Plankton…………………………………………...……….………………............25 Phytoplankton Bacillariophyta……………………..……………………...……….........26 Chlorophyta………………………………………….....…………..........28 Cyanobacteria…...……………………………………………..…….…..32 Gamophyta…………………………………….…………...….…..…….35 Pyrrophycophyta………………………………………………………...36 Zooplankton Arthropoda……………………………………………………………....37 Ciliophora……………………………………………………………......41 Rotifera………………………………………………………………......43 References………………………………………………………….……………….....46 Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms according to their characteris- tics. All living organisms are classified into seven levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This book classifies Benthic Macroinvertebrates by using their Class, Family, Genus, and Species. The Classes are the categories at the top of the page in colored text corresponding to the color of the page. The Family is listed below the common name, and the Genus and Spe- cies names
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining the Saco Estuary Final Report 2015 Sustaining the Saco Estuary
    Sustaining the Saco estuary final report 2015 Sustaining the Saco estuary final report 2015 Project Leaders Christine B. Feurt, Ph.D. Pamela A. Morgan, Ph.D. University of New England and University of New England Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve Tel: (207) 602-2227 Tel: (207) 602-2834 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Project Team University of New England Mark Adams, Ph.D. Noah Perlut, Ph.D. Anna Bass, Ph.D. Michele Steen-Adams, Ph.D. Carrie Byron, Ph.D. James Sulikowski, Ph.D. Michael Daley, Ph.D. Stephan I. Zeeman, Ph.D. Michael Esty Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve Jacob Aman Jeremy Miller Michele Dionne, Ph.D. Kristin Wilson, Ph.D. This research is part of Maine’s Sustainability Solutions Initiative, a program of the Senator George J. Mitchell Center, which is supported by National Science Foundation award EPS-0904155 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine. Report Editing and Design: Waterview Consulting CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: Why Is the Saco Estuary an Ideal Living Laboratory for Sustainability Science?.......................1 by Christine B. Feurt and Pamela A. Morgan CHAPTER 2 RECOGNIZING AND ENGAGING THE StewardsHIP NETWORK: Actively Working to Sustain the Saco Estuary .......7 by Christine B. Feurt CHAPTER 3 PLANTS OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Marshes............17 by Pam Morgan CHAPTER 4 BENTHIC MACROINVertebrates OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Flats and Low Marsh Habitats .......................29 by Anna L. Bass CHAPTER 5 FISH OF THE SACO EstuarY: River Channel and Tidal Marshes ........................................39 by Kayla Smith, Kristin Wilson, James Sulikowski, and Jacob Aman CHAPTER 6 BIRD COMMUNITY OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Marshes ...57 by Noah Perlut CHAPTER 7 FOOD WEB OF THE SACO Estuary’S Tidal MARSHES .
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Helobdella Species
    Biodiversity Journal, 2020,11 (3): 689–698, https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.3.689.698 http://zoobank.org:pub:8006DBB4-CF4F-4CE4-BAD3-0A7BB4857FC3 Two new Helobdella species (Annelida Hirudinida Glossiphoni- idae) from the Intermountain region of the United States, for- merly considered as Helobdella stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758 Peter Hovingh1 & Ulrich Kutschera2* 1Salt Lake City, 721 Second Avenue, Utah 84103, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Two Helobdella stagnalis-like leech specimens (Annelida Hirudinida Glossiphoniidae) were histologically examined from Nevada in the Great Basin, and from Utah in the Colorado River Basin (USA) to determine whether or not their crops were similar to those in H. californica Kutschera 1988. The Nevada form was brown and with pigmentation patterns, whereas the Utah form was plain and white. The dorsoventral histological sectioning of these 3 specimens showed the Utah and Nevada forms had compact salivary glands, hitherto noted only in the South American Helobdella and Haementaria species. The pharynx of Nevada individuals was S-shaped, and in the Utah form the ejaculatory ducts formed a Gordian knot in the distal-most posterior region, further distinguishing these 2 intermountain Helobdella-isolates. Comparing these two taxa to other published Helobdella internal morphologies, two new species are pro- posed: Helobdella humboldtensis n. sp. from Nevada (size and pigmentation similar to H. cali- fornica) and Helobdella gordiana n. sp. from Utah, which resembles H. stagnalis from Europe. These findings suggest the Intermountain area may be a prime region to study the evolution of members of the Helobdella species complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Evo-Devo” Model Organism Brenda Irene Medina Jiménez1†, Hee-Jin Kwak1†, Jong-Seok Park1, Jung-Woong Kim2* and Sung-Jin Cho1*
    Medina Jiménez et al. Frontiers in Zoology (2017) 14:60 DOI 10.1186/s12983-017-0240-y RESEARCH Open Access Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an “Evo-Devo” model organism Brenda Irene Medina Jiménez1†, Hee-Jin Kwak1†, Jong-Seok Park1, Jung-Woong Kim2* and Sung-Jin Cho1* Abstract Background: The need for the adaptation of species of annelids as “Evo-Devo” model organisms of the superphylum Lophotrochozoa to refine the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between bilaterian organisms, has promoted an increase in the studies dealing with embryonic development among related species such as leeches from the Glossiphoniidae family. The present study aims to describe the embryogenesis of Alboglossiphonia lata (Oka, 1910), a freshwater glossiphoniid leech, chiefly distributed in East Asia, and validate standard molecular biology techniques to support the use of this species as an additional model for “Evo-Devo” studies. Results: A. lata undergoes direct development, and follows the highly conserved clitellate annelid mode of spiral cleavage development; the duration from the egg laying to the juvenile stage is ~7.5 days, and it is iteroparous, indicating that it feeds and deposits eggs again after the first round of brooding, as described in several other glossiphoniid leech species studied to date. The embryos hatch only after complete organ development and proboscis retraction, which has not yet been observed in other glossiphoniid genera. The phylogenetic position of A. lata within the Glossiphoniidae family has been confirmed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequencing. Lineage tracer injections confirmed the fates of the presumptive meso- and ectodermal precursors, and immunostaining showed the formation of the ventral nerve system during later stages of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae), with Records of Its New Host Amphibian Species
    Parasitology Research (2019) 118:663–666 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6141-y GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - SHORT COMMUNICATION Evaluating the ontogenetic external morphology of an ectoparasitic Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae), with records of its new host amphibian species Chiaki Kambayashi1 & Atsushi Kurabayashi2,3 & Takafumi Nakano4 Received: 30 August 2018 /Accepted: 6 November 2018 /Published online: 13 November 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Torix is a leech genus containing freshwater proboscidate species, and several members of this taxon are ectoparasites specific to amphibians. Torix tukubana inhabits mountain streams in Japan, and only two frog species are known to be hosts. We collected this leech from two other amphibians, Onychodactylus japonicus (Japanese clawed salamander) and Rana ornativentris (mon- tane brown frog), for the first time. This finding suggests that the host specificity of T. tukubana is low. The immature individuals of T. tukubana were also collected and identified based on DNA data. This is the first juvenile record of this species confirmed by its DNA barcode sequences. Several morphological characters known from large individuals and used as diagnostic character- istics in taxonomic keys were not observed in the juveniles, suggesting that these are ontogenetic traits. Keywords Leech . Onychodactylus japonicus . Rana ornativentris . cox1 . Japan Introduction information regarding their hosts, developmental stages, and life cycles. Torix is a leech genus classified within the proboscidate family Torix tukubana is characterized by its possession of devel- Glossiphoniidae, and the genus now contains seven nominal oped papillae on the dorsal surface (Oka 1935) and can thus be species, which are mainly distributed in East Asia (Sawyer identified based on its external characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of River Restoration on Aquatic Biodiversity
    The Effect of River Restoration on Aquatic Biodiversity JESSICA WALKER Global Biodiversity Conservation MSc 2017 UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX CANDIDATE NUMBER: 169723 1! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisors Liz Hill and Alan Stewart for their support, advice and understanding in helping me through working on my thesis in difficult circumstances. Whilst writing a thesis and concurrently dealing with an illness is not the simplest of tasks, your help and speedy responses to any panic-driven emails means a great deal. I would also like to thank Penny Green, resident ecologist at the Knepp Castle Estate, who took time out of her busy schedule to meet with me on multiple occasions, and discuss the restorations on the River Adur. Additionally, I would like to thank all those at the Knepp Castle Estate, for allowing me access to the site whenever needed to conduct my research. I would like to thank my close friend Tom Murphy, for the moral support and advice he has given me throughout this research, and my family - Pauline and Dominic Walker for their constant encouragement and lastly to my partner, Derry Stock, for being by my side throughout and offering his unconditional support. 2! ABSTRACT The River Adur is a 32km stretch of river, located in West Sussex. The river restoration that took place on the Knepp Castle Estate was the largest on a UK River to date. There has been no published research on the effect of restoration on benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus and nitrate levels, with their subsequent effects on water quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae) from San Carlos De Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Gullo, Bettina S. A new leech species of Helobdella (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae) from San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 80, núm. 1, 2009, pp. 47-50 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42511957007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80: 47- 50, 2009 A new leech species of Helobdella (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae) from San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Una especie nueva de sanguijuela del género Helobdella (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae) de San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Bettina S. Gullo Cátedra Zoología Invertebrados I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900, La Plata, Argentina. Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. A new freshwater leech species Helobdella fantasmae n. sp. is described. This description is based on the examination of 12 specimens collected in Laguna Fantasma, Bariloche (41º 05’S 71º 28’W), during December 2002. Leeches were found attached to submerged plants. They were relaxed with gradual addition of 70% ethanol, fi xed in 10% formalin, stored in 70% ethanol and stained with borax carmine. Examination of external morphology, dissections and microphotographs were accomplished with a Leica Wild M3Z stereo microscope aided with an Olympus C-4000 digital camera.
    [Show full text]
  • Sorting of Glossiphonia Complanata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from Three Aquatic Plants in Tigris River Within Baghdad City
    Egyptian Journal of Petroleum (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx HOSTED BY Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Egyptian Journal of Petroleum www.elsevier.com/locate/egyjp www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Sorting of Glossiphonia complanata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from three aquatic plants in Tigris River within Baghdad city Manar Dawood Salman a, Mohammed K. Shebli a, Mohammed Jassim Obed Alfalahi b, Allaa M. Aenab c,*, S.K. Singh c a Environment and Water Directorate – Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq b Environmental Engineer, Rasan Group Company, Erbil, Iraq c Environmental Engineering Department, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India Received 10 June 2016; revised 26 October 2016; accepted 2 November 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from Glossiphonia complanata; these aquatic plants was firstly founding of aquatic oligochaeta, snails and chironomidae that set- Aquatic plants; tled on aquatic plants as food. Secondly the aquatic plants itself represent favorable environment Snails; for growth and reproduction for G. complanata and as food for oligochaeta, chironomidae and Feeding of G. complanata snails. When the number of G. complanata increased the number of worms and snails decreased as observed. The aim of this study was to discover causes of isolation of G. complanata. Ó 2016 Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction This species is one of the commonest leeches in fresh water and is usually rare on a muddy substratum and found Glossiphonia complanata species is one of phylum Annelida, chiefly on stones and macrophytes [14,16].
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Invertebrates
    A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon improvement scheme Environmental Statement Appendices Appendix 11.2: Aquatic invertebrates Date: December 2014 6.3 Page left intentionally blank. A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon improvement scheme Environmental Statement Appendices Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 2 2 Aquatic invertebrate ecology 3 3 Policy and legislation 4 3.1 Legislation 4 3.2 National Planning Policy Framework 5 3.3 Priority species 5 4 Methodology 7 4.1 Desktop survey 7 4.2 Field surveys 7 4.3 Evaluation 10 4.4 Limitations 10 5 Results 12 5.1 Desktop data and incidental records 12 5.2 WFD classification 12 5.3 Environment Agency data 12 5.4 2013 data 14 5.5 Incidental records 14 5.6 Field survey results 14 5.7 Species of conservation interest 17 6 Evaluation 18 7 Bibliography 20 Annex 1: Full survey data 23 6.3 December 2014 i A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon improvement scheme Environmental Statement Appendices Executive summary This report is an appendix of the A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon improvement scheme environmental statement (ES). This report presents an evaluation of aquatic invertebrates based on recent surveys. It also presents the policy and legislative context within which the environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been carried out. Likely significant effects on and mitigation for aquatic invertebrates are considered in Chapter 11 of the ES. Aquatic invertebrates were surveyed in 2013 and 2014 using standard methodologies taken from the Council Directive (2000/60/EC) on a framework for the community action in the field of water policy (European Union, 2000), referred to as the Water Framework Directive (WFD).
    [Show full text]