The Biological Laboratory
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LONG ISLAND BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY COLD SPRING HARBOR LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 1948 LONG ISLAND BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INCORPORATED 1924 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY FOUNDED 1890 FIFTY-NINTH YEAR 1 9 4 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Long Island Biological Association Page Officers 5 Board of Directors 5 Committees 6 Members 7 Report of the Director 11 Reports of Laboratory Staff 19 Reports of Summer Investigators 25 Course of Bacteriophages 32 Nature Study Course 34 Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Publications 39 Laboratory Staff 41 Summer Research Investigators 42 Report of the Secretary, L. I. B. A. 43 Report of the Treasurer, L. I. B. A. 45 THE LONG ISLAND BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION President Robert Cushman Murphy Vice-President Secretary Arthur W. Page E. C. Mac Dowell Treasurer Assistant Secretary Grinnell Morris B. P. Kaufmann Director of The Biological Laboratory, M. Demerec BOARD OF DIRECTORS To serve until 1952 W. H. Cole Rutgers University Mrs. George S. Franklin Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. E. C. Mac Dowell Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. William B. Nichols Syosset, N. Y. Roland L. Redmond Oyster Bay, N. Y. B. H. Willier Johns Hopkins University To serve until 1951 T. Bache Bleecker Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. Ross G. Harrison Yale University Caryl P. Haskins Haskins Laboratories, New York B. P. Kaufmann Carnegie Institution Grinnell Morris Oyster Bay, N. Y. Arthur W. Page Huntington, N. Y. Harlow Shapley Harvard University To serve until 1950 Robert Chambers New York University George W. Corner Carnegie Institution of Washington Th. Dobzhansky Columbia University Mrs. Van S. Merle-Smith Oyster Bay, N. Y. John M. Schiff Oyster Bay, N. Y. Harold C. Urey University of Chicago Willis D. Wood Huntington, N. Y. To serve until 1949 H. A. Abramson Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. M. Demerec The Biological Laboratory Henry Hicks Westbury, N. Y. Dudley H. Mills New York, N. Y. Stuart Mudd University of Pennsylvania Medical School Robert Cushman Murphy American Museum of Natural History John K. Roosevelt Oyster Bay, N. Y. 5 Members Emerti R. C. Leffingwell Oyster Bay, N. Y. Henry L. Stimson Huntington, N. Y. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mrs. G. S. Franklin Grinnell Morris E. C. Mac Dowell William B. Nichols Robert Cushman Murphy Arthur W. Page John K. Roosevelt WOMEN'S COMMITTEE President-Mrs. George S. Franklin Vice-President-Mrs. Van Santvoord Merle-Smith Secretary-Mrs. Alvin Devereux Treasurer-Mrs. George Nichols Chairman, House Committee-Mrs. Percy H. Jennings FINANCE COMMITTEE Grinnell Morris William B. Nichols Willis D. Wood BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS Mrs. George S. Franklin, Chairman Mrs. Percy H. Jennings B. P. Kaufmann Henry Hicks William B. Nichols SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE George W. Corner, Chairman L. C. Dunn Edwin J. Grace E. C. Mac Dowell Alexander Hollaender Alfred E. Mirsky 6 FOUNDERS Contribution of at least $5,000 in money or property Carnegie Corporation John & Mary Markle Foundation Mrs. Ethel Clyde Mrs. Van Santvoord Merle-Smith Mrs. Henry W. de Forest Mrs. Acosta Nichols Mrs. Leonard Elmhirst Arthur W. Page Marshall Field Rockefeller Foundation Mrs. Otto H. Kahn John M. Schiff Russell C. Leffingwell Wawepex Society PATRONS Contribution of at least $500 Miss Rosina Boardman George Nichols John Chase Mrs. George Nichols W. R. Coe Arthur W. Page John W. Davis Herbert L. Pratt Mrs. Henry W. de Forest Victor Rakowsky W. E. Erhart John K. Roosevelt S. A. Everitt Walter J. Salmon Marshall Field John M. Schiff Childs Frick Carl J.Schmidlapp Hugo Fricke Donald Scott Princess Andrew Gagarin Howard C. Smith Mrs. Walter Jennings Henry L. Stimson Alfred Ephraim Kornfeld Henry C. Taylor Russell C. Leffingwell Wawepex Society Gerald M. Livingston William C. Whitney Foundation Mrs. Wilton Lloyd-Smith George Whitney Van Santvoord Merle-Smith Willis D. Wood A. G. Milbank Mrs. Willis D. Wood 7 SUSTAINING MEMBERS Harold A. Abramson Mrs. Henry P. Davison Mrs. Harold A. Abramson Mrs. Henry W. de Forest Mark H. Adams Robert F. de Graff Winthrop W. Aldrich William A. Delano Mrs. Henry Anderson Max Delbruck Mrs.F.Huntington Babcock M. Demerec Richard F. Babcock Mrs. M. Demerec Mrs. Daniel Bacon Mrs. Richard Derby E. Farrar Bateson Mrs. James A. de Tomasi Dennistoun M. Bell Mrs. Alvin Devereux Frederick Bernheim Th. Dobzhansky Susan A. Black Mrs. John Foster Dulles Edward S. Blagden Jackson A. Dykman Mrs. Edward S. Blagden Mrs. Jackson A. Dykman T. Bache Bleecker Mrs. Walter Earle Mrs. T. Bache Bleecker Ferdinand Eberstadt Dietrich Bodenstein Mrs. Albert H. Ely, Jr. Mrs. Herbert Bodman Mrs. B. Tappen Fairchild George T. Bowdoin Ugo Fano Mrs. George E. Brower Marshall Field Mrs. W. Averill Brown Ernst Fischer Vernon Bryson Alexander Forbes George E. Burch Mrs. George S. Franklin Dean Burk George S. Franklin, Jr. Mrs. Trowbridge Callaway Childs Frick Ernst Caspari Mrs. Childs Frick Mc Keen Cattell G. Gasic Robert Chambers Harvey D. Gibson F.S. Child Mrs. William B. Given Mrs. F.S. Child H. Bentley Glass C. T. Church Edwin J. Grace Mrs. C. T. Church Charles V. Graham Mrs. Henry E. Coe, Jr. Mrs. Arthur Gwynne W. H. Cole Mrs. Hamilton Hadden George W. Corner Mrs. Winston Hagen Duncan Cox Paul Hammond Mrs. Duncan Cox Mrs. Paul Hammond Clinton H. Crane Mrs. Montgomery Hare Mrs. Clinton H. Crane William Hale Harkness Mrs. Paul Cushman Ross G. Harrison William N. Davey Mrs. Ashton Hawkins John W. Davis R. Graham Heiner F. Trubee Davison Mrs. R. Graham Heiner Mrs. F. Trubee Davison Alexander Hollaender 8 Davenport Hooker William B. Nichols Mrs. Sarah C. W. Hoppin Mrs. John W. Nields Clarence A. Horn Juliet Nourse Mrs. George Hornblower Mrs. D. Chester Noyes Rollin D. Hotchkiss Mrs. D. Grinnell Noyes Mrs. John C. Hughes Laurence G. Noyes Oliver Iselin Arthur W. Page Mrs. Myron Jackson Mrs. Arthur W. Page Mrs. Henry James Mrs. Walter H. Page Percy H. Jennings Mrs. Paul G. Pennoyer Mrs. Percy H. Jennings Isabel Peters Mrs. Walter Jennings Francis T. P. Plimpton Everett C. Jessup Frederic R. Pratt E. Elizabeth Jones Mrs. Frederic R. Pratt Martin D. Kamen Richardson Pratt B. P. Kaufmann Theodore H. Price Edward Kerner Paul Pryibil Mrs. Frederick R. King Mrs. Paul Pryibil Mrs. Randall J. Le Boeuff, Jr. Hale Pulsifer Mrs. Gertrude H. T. Le BoutillierMrs. Hale Pulsifer Mrs. Russell C. Leffingwell E. Racker H. T. Lindeberg Otto Rahn Mrs. H. T. Lindeberg Roland L. Redmond Mrs. Wilton Lloyd-Smith Mrs. Roland L. Redmond John M. Lockwood The Long-Islander Mrs. Gordon Rentschler S. E. Luria Oscar W. Richards E. C. Mac Dowell Harry C. Robb John F. MacKay Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Robertson John B. Marsh George Emlen Roosevelt Ernst Mayr John K. Roosevelt Mrs. Van S. Merle-Smith Mrs. Phillip Roosevelt Leo M. Meyer Mrs. John E. Rousmaniere Mrs. Robert B. Meyer Mrs. Stanley M. Rumbough L. Michaelis Charles E. Sammis, Inc. Alfred E. Mirsky Theodore F. Savage Louis de B. Moore Mrs. Theodore F. Savage Mrs. Louis de B. Moore John M. Schiff Mrs. Grinnell Morris Francis 0. Schmitt Mrs. Ray Morris Franz Schneider Stuart Mudd Mrs. H. L. Schwartz, Jr. Robert Cushman Murphy Donald Scott Mrs. Robert Cushman Murphy Mrs. Donald Scott James V. Neel Harlow Shapley Mrs. Acosta Nichols Mrs. J. Barstow Smull George Nichols Sir T. Ashley & Lady Sparks Mrs. George Nichols Carl C. Speidel 9 Mrs. Donaldson Tucker Nathan H. Woodruff Isabel H. Tuthill Sewall Wright Harold C. Urey Stephen Zamenhof H. Waelsch Mrs. Theodore E. Stebbins Roy Waggener Robert Steele Charles 0. Warren Curt Stern Mrs. Charles 0. Warren Mrs. Henry L. Stimson Wawepex Society Mrs. Richard Storrs Mrs. Francis M. Weld Jack I. Straus M. J. D. White George F. Sykes B. H. Willier Mrs. Eugene S. Taliaferro W. Wilton Wood, Inc. Harriet E. Taylor Willis D. Wood Mrs. Henry C. Taylor Mrs. Willis D. Wood Dorothy Truesdell 10 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR The purpose of the Biological Laboratory, when it was organized almost sixty years ago, was to provide summer research facilities for scien- tists who desired to work at the seashore, and to offer courses in marine biology and other biological subjects for college students. During the first period of its existence the Laboratory functioned exclusively as a summer institution. When it was reorganized in 1924, a full-time research program was added to the other activities, and as a result the Laboratory began to function all year. Through the generosity of Mr. and Mrs. Acosta Nichols and Mrs. Walter B. James, two laboratories were built to take care of these new needs. After a second reorganization, in 1941, when the program was coordinated with that of the Department of Genetics of the Carnegie In- stitution, the emphasis on research became still stronger. It took several years, however, to develop a well-rounded research program, particularly since the war brought interruptions to the normal course of progress. At the present time it may be said that our goal has been reached. The Lab- oratory now has a well-defined research program, which is self-contained but which derives much support and strength from its coordination with the research program of the Department of Genetics. The current program of the Laboratory includes two projects. The first, which has been developing for the past three years, consists of genet- ical, biochemical, and physiological studies of the origin of bacterial re- sistance. Particular emphasis is placed on resistance to bacteriophages, to antibiotics(penicillin, streptomycin, aureomycin, chloromycetin), and to certain specific chemicals. A search is made for chemicals that are capable of inducing hereditary changes in bacteria. This project offers fascinating possibilities for combining the investigation of basic genetical problems with studies that are important for understanding the clinical action of antibiotic substances.