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Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) in Uttar Pradesh, India (2015-16)

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Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) in Uttar Pradesh, India (2015-16) Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) in Uttar Pradesh, India (2015-16) K G Santhya Rajib Acharya Neelanjana Pandey Ashish Kumar Gupta Shilpi Rampal Santosh Kumar Singh A J Francis Zavier The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues—from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees. For additional copies, please contact: Population Council Zone 5A, Ground Floor India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road New Delhi, India 110 003 Phone: 91-11-24642901 Email: [email protected] Website: www.popcouncil.org Suggested citation: Santhya, K. G., R. Acharya, N. Pandey et al. 2017. Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) in Uttar Pradesh, India. New Delhi: Population Council. Authors’ contributions: K G Santhya conceptualized the study, participated in its design and implementation, guided data analysis, wrote the report, and made critical revisions and finalized the report. Rajib Acharya conceptualised the study, participated in its design and implementation, contributed to drafting the report, and conducted data analysis. Neelanjana Pandey conducted data analysis and provided technical support to field implementation. Ashish Kumar Gupta contributed to field implementation and data management, and conducted data analysis. Shilpi Rampal contributed to field implementation, data management and analysis. Santosh Singh managed field implementation and contributed to data management and analysis. A J Francis Zavier contributed to data management. Copyright: © 2017 The Population Council, Inc. Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) in Uttar Pradesh, India (2015-16) K G Santhya Rajib Acharya Neelanjana Pandey Ashish Kumar Gupta Shilpi Rampal Santosh Kumar Singh A J Francis Zavier Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Rationale ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Study objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Theoretical framework ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Uttar Pradesh: Overview of demographic and socio-economic features .............................................. 6 1.5 Situation of adolescents in Uttar Pradesh .............................................................................................. 7 1.6 Study design and sample size estimation for individual interviews ..................................................... 9 1.7 Study instruments .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.8 Recruitment, training, and fieldwork ..................................................................................................... 13 1.9 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.10 Data processing .................................................................................................................................... 15 1.11 Interview outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.12 Structure of the report ......................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2 Socio-economic profile of surveyed households .....................................................................................21 2.1 Profile of households and heads of households ..................................................................................22 2.2 Profile of households by housing characteristics .................................................................................23 2.3 Profile of households by ownership of agricultural land ......................................................................25 2.4 Household economic status ..................................................................................................................26 2.5 Profile of rural households by extent to which household members have benefited from MNREGA ......................................................................................................................... 27 2.6 Profile of the household population by substance use ........................................................................29 2.7 Background characteristics of surveyed adolescents .........................................................................29 Chapter 3 Education ....................................................................................................................................................33 3.1 Educational attainment .......................................................................................................................... 37 3.2 Differentials in educational attainment ...............................................................................................40 3.3 School retention and class completion ................................................................................................42 3.4 Reasons for never enrolling in school or school discontinuation ........................................................44 3.5 School/college type, quality, and experiences .................................................................................... 47 3.5.1 School/college type and quality ................................................................................................. 47 3.5.2 Regularity of school attendance ..................................................................................................52 3.5.3 Private tuition .............................................................................................................................55 3.5.4 Academic performance perceptions and leadership position .................................................. 57 3.6 Educational aspirations .........................................................................................................................58 3.7 Awareness and utilisation of entitlements from school .......................................................................59 3.7.1 Awareness and participation in Meena Manch programme ..................................................... 61 3.8 Literacy and numeracy skills .................................................................................................................65 3.8.1 Differentials in literacy and numeracy skills ..............................................................................67 iii Chapter 4 Economic activity, household work, and migration ................................................................................73 4.1. Economic activity ................................................................................................................................... 76 4.2 Employment-seeking and preference of work sector among adolescents ......................................... 81 4.3 Activity status ..........................................................................................................................................86 4.4 Participation in vocational training programmes and unmet need for vocational training ...............88 4.4.1 Participation in vocational training programmes and related experiences ..............................88 4.4.2 Unmet need for vocational training programmes and willingness to participate in such programmes .............................................................................................. 91 4.5 Awareness and utilisation of government programmes for skill-building and employment generation ..................................................................................................................96 4.6 Participation in household-related work ...............................................................................................98 4.7 Migration experiences ............................................................................................................................99 Chapter 5 Mass media and social media exposure ............................................................................................... 103 5.1 Mass media exposure ..........................................................................................................................105 5.2 Access to mobile phones .....................................................................................................................109
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