Phyllomedusa 17(1):21–37, 2018 © 2018 Universidade de São Paulo - ESALQ ISSN 1519-1397 (print) / ISSN 2316-9079 (online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316- 9079.v17i1p21-37 Distribution and habitat associations of the Critically Endangered frog Walkerana phrynoderma (Anura: Ranixalidae), with an assessment of potential threats, abundance, and morphology Arun Kanagavel,1 Sethu Parvathy,1 Abhiijth P. Chundakatil,2 Neelesh Dahanukar,3 and Benjamin Tapley4 1 Conservation Research Group, St. Albert’s College, Banerji Road, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India. E-mail:
[email protected]. 2 Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pudhucherry, 605 014, India. 3 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, G1 Block, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. 4 Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom. Abstract Distribution and habitat associations of the Critically Endangered frog Walkerana phrynoderma (Anura: Ranixalidae), with an assessment of potential threats, abundance, and morphology. Little is known about Walkerana phrynoderma, a frog endemic to the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats of India. Baseline information (i.e., distribution, threats, habitat characteristics, activity patterns, and relative abundance) is provided for this species, with the aim of improving our understanding of the status of the species in the wild. Visual-encounter, transect, and time-activity budget surveys were conducted in and around the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats. The frog skin was swabbed to determine the presence/absence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and habitat and environmental characteristics were recorded at sites where W.