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Debian GNU/Linux Installationsguide

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Debian GNU/Linux Installationsguide Debian GNU/Linux Installationsguide 31 juli 2021 Debian GNU/Linux Installationsguide Copyright © 2004 – 2021 Debian Installer-teamet Den här handboken är fri programvara; du kan distribuera den och/eller modifiera den under villkoren för GNU General Public License. Referera till licensen i Appendix F. Bygg version av denna manual: 20210730. i Innehåll 1 Välkommen till Debian 1 1.1 Vad är Debian? . 1 1.2 Vad är GNU/Linux? . 1 1.3 Vad är Debian GNU/Linux? . 2 1.4 Vad är Debian-installatören? . 3 1.5 Få tag på Debian . 3 1.6 Få tag på senaste versionen av det här dokumentet . 3 1.7 Organisering av det här dokumentet . 3 1.8 Om copyright och programvarulicenser . 4 2 Systemkrav 5 2.1 Maskinvara som stöds . 5 2.1.1 Arkitekturer som stöds . 5 2.1.2 Tre olika ARM-portar . 6 2.1.3 Variationer i ARM CPU-konstruktioner och stöd komplexitet . 6 2.1.4 Plattformar som stöds av Debian/armhf . 6 2.1.5 Plattformar som inte längre stöds av Debian/armhf . 8 2.1.6 Flera processorer . 8 2.1.7 Stöd för grafikhårdvara . 8 2.1.8 Maskinvara för anslutning till nätverk . 8 2.1.9 Kringutrustning och annan maskinvara . 8 2.2 Enheter som kräver fast programvara . 8 2.3 Köpa maskinvara specifikt för GNU/Linux . 9 2.3.1 Undvik proprietär eller sluten maskinvara . 9 2.4 Installationsmedia . 10 2.4.1 Cd-rom/Dvd-rom/Bd-rom . 10 2.4.2 Nätverk . 10 2.4.3 Hårddisk . 10 2.4.4 Un*x eller GNU-system . 10 2.4.5 Lagringssystem som stöds . 10 2.5 Krav för minne och diskplats . 10 3 Före installation av Debian GNU/Linux 11 3.1 Översikt av installationsprocessen . 11 3.2 Säkerhetskopiera dina befintliga data! . 12 3.3 Information du behöver . 12 3.3.1 Dokumentation . 12 3.3.1.1 Installationshandbok . 12 3.3.1.2 Maskinvarudokumentation . 12 3.3.2 Hitta informationskällor för maskinvara . 12 3.3.3 Maskinvarukompatibilitet . 13 3.3.3.1 Testa hårdvarukompabilitet med ett Live-System . 14 3.3.4 Nätverksinställningar . 14 3.4 Matcha minimikrav för maskinvara . 14 3.5 Förpartionering för system med flera operativsystem . 15 3.6 Inställning av maskinvara och operativsystem före installation . 15 3.6.1 ARM firmware . 16 3.6.2 Debian-provided U-Boot (system firmware) images . 16 3.6.3 Setting the ethernet MAC address in U-Boot . 16 3.6.4 Kernel/Initrd/Device-Tree relocation issues in U-Boot . 16 ii INNEHÅLL 4 Få tag på installationsmedia 18 4.1 Officiella Debian GNU/Linux installationsavbildningar . 18 4.2 Hämta filer från Debian-speglar . 18 4.2.1 Var man får tag på installationsfiler . 18 4.2.1.1 Multiplattformsinstallationsfiler för Armhf . 18 4.3 Förbered filerna för nätverksuppstart via TFTP . 19 4.3.1 Konfigurering av RARP-server . 19 4.3.2 Konfigurering av DHCP-server . 19 4.3.3 Konfigurera en BOOTP-server . 19 4.3.4 Aktivering av TFTP-server . 20 4.3.5 Flytta TFTP-avbildningarna till rätt plats . 20 4.4 Automatisk installation . 20 4.4.1 Automatisk installation med Debian Installer . 21 4.5 Verifying the integrity of installation files . 21 5 Starta upp installationssystemet 22 5.1 Starta upp installationsprogrammet på 32-bit hard-float ARMv7 . 22 5.1.1 Uppstartsavbildningsformat . 22 5.1.2 Konsolkonfiguration . 22 5.1.3 Uppstart från TFTP . 22 5.1.3.1 TFTP-uppstart i U-Boot . 22 5.1.3.2 Pre-built netboot tarball . 23 5.1.4 Starta upp från USB-minne i U-Boot . 24 5.1.5 Using pre-built SD-card images with the installer . 24 5.2 Hjälpmedel .............................................. 24 5.2.1 Installer front-end . 25 5.2.2 Brädenheter . 25 5.2.3 Tema med hög kontrast . 25 5.2.4 Zoom . 25 5.2.5 Expert install, rescue mode, automated install . 25 5.2.6 Accessibility of the installed system . 25 5.3 Uppstartsparametrar . 25 5.3.1 Boot console . 25 5.3.2 Parametrar för Debian Installer . 26 5.3.3 Använding av uppstartsparametrar för att besvara frågor . 28 5.3.4 Skicka parametrar till kärnmoduler . 28 5.3.5 Svartlistning av kärnmoduler . 28 5.4 Felsök installationsprocessen . 29 5.4.1 Reliability of optical media . 29 5.4.1.1 Vanliga problem . 29 5.4.1.2 Hur man undersöker och kanske även löser problem . 29 5.4.2 Uppstartskonfiguration . 30 5.4.3 Tolkning av kärnans uppstartsmeddelanden . 30 5.4.4 Rapportering av installationsproblem . 31 5.4.5 Skicka installationsrapporter . 31 6 Användning av Debian Installer 32 6.1 Hur installationsprogrammet fungerar . 32 6.1.1 Användning av det grafiska installationsprogrammet . 33 6.2 Introduktion till komponenter . 33 6.3 Användning av individuella komponenter . 34 6.3.1 Konfiguration av Debians installationsprogram och maskinvara . 34 6.3.1.1 Kontrollera tillgängligt minne / minimalt minnesläge . 35 6.3.1.2 Val av lokalanpassningsalternativ . 35 6.3.1.3 Val av tangentbord . ..
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