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Golden Valley I Wind Farm Golden Valley I Wind Farm Biodiversity Action Plan Draft August 2019 1 Contents 1. The Project ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Priority biodiversity features .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Natural Habitat ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Critical Habitat ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.3. Protected and Internationally Recognised Areas ................................................................... 3 2.4. Bird species of concern ........................................................................................................... 3 3. Potential impacts ............................................................................................................................ 4 4. Impact mitigation ............................................................................................................................ 5 4.1. Avoidance measures already implemented ........................................................................... 5 4.2. Destruction/alteration of vegetation ...................................................................................... 5 4.3. Displacement of birds from site & disturbance of birds ......................................................... 5 4.4. Bird mortality through turbine collision ................................................................................. 5 4.5. Bird mortality through collision/electrocution on power lines .............................................. 6 5. Impact measurement ...................................................................................................................... 6 6. Time frames .................................................................................................................................... 6 7. Actions to achieve net gain for vultures ......................................................................................... 7 8. Offset of impacts ............................................................................................................................. 8 9. Roles & responsibilities ................................................................................................................... 8 10. Budget ......................................................................................................................................... 8 11. Adaptive management of impacts .............................................................................................. 9 References ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Protocol A – Operational phase bird monitoring programme .............................................................. 13 Protocol B – On Site Cape Vulture Food Management Programme (CVFMP)...................................... 15 Protocol C – Regional Cape Vulture research programme ................................................................... 17 2 1. The Project Golden Valley is a 48-turbine wind energy facility with installed capacity of 120 MW, within the Cookhouse Renewable Energy Development Zone (REDZ) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Turbines will have a hub height of 90 m and a rotor diameter of 121 m. A 6.5 km grid transmission line will be built to connect to the grid. In accordance with IFC GN6 - GN91 the project has developed this Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). This BAP describes the holistic approach of the project to mitigation of potential impacts on biodiversity, including steps to ensure no net loss of natural habitat where feasible. This is a living document, which should be revisited and updated if necessary annually. The text below provides the context, whilst Table 1 presents the detailed action plan. 2. Priority biodiversity features 2.1. Natural Habitat The project is situated within Natural Habitat. The two main vegetation types are Bedford Dry Grassland in the flatter higher lying ground to the east, and the Great Fish Thicket on the slopes and lower lying ground in the west. The site is split over seven privately owned farms and the land use is livestock farming on the natural vegetation. 2.2. Critical Habitat The project is not situated in Critical Habitat for any species or ecosystem. 2.3. Protected and Internationally Recognised Areas There are no Protected or Internationally Recognised Areas intersecting or near to the project or its defined Area of Influence. 2.4. Bird species of concern Several bird species recorded on site are of high conservation concern. These species are prone to impacts from wind farms and overhead power lines, and are regionally or globally Red Listed: These species include most importantly: • Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres • Black Harrier Circus maurus 3 • Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus • Blue Crane Anthropoides paradiseus • Ludwig’s Bustard Neotis Ludwigii • Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra • Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius The status of these species at the Project site is outlined in the Critical Habitat Assessment (WildSkies, 2019). Apart from Blue Crane, all have been recorded on site infrequently and/or in small numbers. Blue Crane is resident on site and four nests were recorded in 2018. Cape Vulture is a species of especially high stakeholder concern. The project site is within the foraging range for summer-roosting vultures at the Agieskloof roost to the north. There is a past record of a concentration of vultures near to the project site, presumably at a carcass, but the lack of records in recent surveys suggests that this is not a favoured foraging area. 3. Potential impacts The project could potentially impact on natural habitat through • Destruction/alteration of vegetation • Displacement of birds from site and disturbance of birds • Mortality of species that are important ecological components of natural habitat through: o Collision with turbine blades o Collision or electrocution on overhead power lines Of the species of concern identified, mortality from turbine collisions could occur for all species but is most likely for the raptors (Cape Vulture, Black Harrier, and Martial Eagle), mortality from power-line collisions is most likely for cranes and bustards, and electrocution on power lines most likely for raptors. The project will take rigorous measures to avoid and minimise, and where possible restore, potential impacts, to reduce residual impacts on natural habitat as much as possible. If unavoidable residual impacts occur, the project will take measures to offset these where feasible, to achieve no net loss for natural habitat. 4 4. Impact mitigation 4.1. Avoidance measures already implemented The project has undergone an Environmental Impact Assessment level avifaunal impact assessment study (Endangered Wildlife Trust, 2010), pre-construction bird monitoring (WildSkies, 2013), site specific avifauna walk down/ground truth (WildSkies, 2015), and a second round of pre-construction monitoring (WildSkies, 2018). All of this work has identified sensitive and constrained areas on site for all bird species and these have subsequently been avoided through project design. Further mitigation measures have been included in the site-specific Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). These measures have collectively ensured avoidance and minimisation of most potential biodiversity impacts. 4.2. Destruction/alteration of vegetation Vegetation will be cleared for siting of turbines and access roads. The primary mitigation measures for this impact have already been detailed in the site specific Environmental Management Plan. Adherence to this plan will need to be enforced and measured. 4.3. Displacement of birds from site & disturbance of birds Construction activities will be carefully controlled to ensure that disturbance through earth moving, machinery, vehicular and staff activity is kept to a minimum. The site specific Environmental Management Plan will be adhered to. The project has sited turbines and the grid-connection power line outside nesting areas for the Blue Crane (the only sensitive bird species recorded breeding on site), more than 300 m away from known Blue Crane nest sites to minimise displacement 4.4. Bird mortality through turbine collision A number of mitigation measures will be implemented for collision of sensitive bird species. Apart from those measures already implemented to date, the first step is to develop a ‘Fatality Threshold Policy’ as this will guide how and when further mitigation will be implemented. Mitigation measures which will be employed include removing potential vulture food sources on site through a ‘Cape Vulture Food Management Programme’ (see Procedure B). As a proactive measure a turbine shutdown on demand (SDOD) programme will be compiled to ensure a plan of action is in place in case SDOD is required in the future. 5 4.5. Bird mortality through collision/electrocution on power lines The project will ensure that anti bird collision line marking devices are installed on the grid connection power line in line with good practice recommendations, in order to reduce potential bird collisions, especially of crane and bustard species.
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