ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Zoogeography and Faunistics Acta zool. bulg., 68 (2), 2016: 207-214 Research Article

Recent Records and Ecological Notes on the Riffle Potamophilus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: ) in Serbia

Boris B. Novaković1, Vanja M. Marković2, Marija D. Ilić2, Bojana P. Tubić2, Jelena A. Đuknić2, Ivana M. Živić3

1 Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Ruže Jovanovića 27a, 11160 Belgrade; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; E-mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Potamophilus acuminatus is regarded as a rare European riffle beetle, which is considered as endangered in many countries. The paper presents new data on the distribution and ecology of P. acuminatus in Serbia. During the Regular Annual Monitoring Sampling in the period 2011-2013, the presence of P. acuminatus was confirmed at eight sampling sites situated at six rivers: Lugomir, Ljudska Reka, Vlasina, Ibar, Za- padna Morava and Velika Morava. Particularly important are the records from the potamal zone of the Velika Morava River of this primarily hyporhitral and mesorhitral taxon. The specimens were found at the edges of stones, under broken tree trunks, rotting branches and stumps submerged in water. The species is absent in reservoirs, lakes and artificial water bodies in Serbia, as well as in lowland parts of the country (Vojvodina, Pannonian Plain). It is very rare and scarcely distributed in lowlands (except Pannonian Plain) and in river valleys in submountain regions. The rarity of findings and low number of the collected speci- mens are in accordance with literature data and previous records in Serbia. Recording P. acuminatus in the relatively polluted Velika Morava River suggests its somewhat broader ecological valence, particularly regarding tolerance to organic nutrients. This species, being more sensitive to pronounced negative human impacts on its aquatic habitats (larger lowland and submountain rivers) in this region, requires particular attention in future investigations.

Key words: Potamophilus acuminatus, Elmidae, distribution, habitat preferences, Serbia

Introduction Potamophilus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1792), syn. et al. 2007, Ri b e r a 2000, Ge r e n d 2011). Recent dis- Parnus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1792) (Elmidae) is covery from northern Africa (To u a y l i a et al. 2010) the only representative of the riffle beetle subfami- proved that the species reaches farther to the south ly Larainae in Europe (Ko d a d a 1991, Jä c h 2013). than it was demonstrated previously. Central Europe This beetle is a Palaearctic species with wide, but is considered as the centre of P. acuminatus distribu- fragmented and localised distribution area, reach- tion (Wi ę ź l a k 1986). ing from the Iberian Peninsula to Afghanistan, and Specimens of P. acuminatus are quite large, from the Mediterranean Sea to the Baltic and North comparing to other elmids, with adults reaching 6.5 Seas. However, it is not confirmed in Scandinavia, to 8.5 mm, and larvae 6.5 to 12 mm in length. The Mediterranean islands, British Isles and Middle adult beetle is black-coloured and hairy, with reddish East/Asia Minor (Bu r a k o w s k i et al. 1983, Bo u k a l brown feet, claws and tentacles. Base of pronotum

207 Novaković B., V. Marković, M. Ilić, B. Tubić, J. Đuknić, I. Živić deeply indented. Antennae long, 7 to 11-segmented; Material and Methods the first two segments longer than the succeeding segments (Ol m i 1976, Vi s s e r , Va n Za n t e n 2000). Macroinvertebrate benthological samples were col- The most noticeable taxonomic character of larvae lected as a part of the Regular Annual Water Quality of P acuminatus is the presence of four dorsal ridges Monitoring Program (RAWQMP), conducted by on thoracic and abdominal segments except on the the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency last one (Ol m i 1976). Pupation takes place inside (SEPA) and covering the entire territory of Serbia. the submerged wood in flowing waters, on which Additional samples were provided as a part of the these xylophagous larvae feed and live (Vi s s e r , Va n field research performed by the Institute for the Za n t e n 2000). Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” (IBRSS), In this paper, we present new findings of P. mainly focused on the large rivers in Serbia. All acuminatus in Serbia based on extensive field study sampling localities during our research in the period in the period 2011-2013. This is an important con- 2011-2013, are presented in Fig. 1. The presence/ tribution to the knowledge of recent distribution of absence of P. acuminatus is marked. this rare beetle in this part of South-Eastern Europe. The benthological samples were taken using Furthermore, data on habitat selection as well as oth- either a standard benthological hand net (25 x 25 er ecological preferences of this insufficiently stud- cm, 500 μm mesh size) or specimens were manually ied species are provided. collected, following the multi-habitat sampling pro-

Fig. 1. Sampling sites on the territory of Serbia (2011-2013); triangle, presence of P. acuminatus; circle, absence of P. acuminatus

208 Recent Records and Ecological Notes on the Riffle BeetlePotamophilus acuminatus... cedure (He r i n g et al. 2004). The samples were pre- concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons was served using 70% ethanol and processed further in the detected (at sites Majur/Lugomir and Ljubičevski laboratory. Identification of the species was done us- Most/Velika Morava). Although present, total petro- ing stereomicroscopes Leica MS 5, Carl Zeiss Stemi leum hydrocarbons products were not found in suf- 2000-C and adequate keys (Re i tt e r 1908, Ol m i 1976, ficient concentrations, to form a visible “layer” on Vi s s e r , Va n Za n t e n 2000). Ecoregional classification the water surface or “coat” on the banks of rivers (Table 3) was given according to Il l i e s (1978). and lakes (Off i c i a l Ga z e tt e o f t h e RS 50/2012). We Various physical and chemical parameters of found that this beetle prefers slightly alkaline condi- the water were measured at most sites where bentho- tions (pH range from 7.5 to 8.9). The temperature logical samples were taken (for mean annual values range at the sites where the species was found var- see Table 1). All measurements of these environ- ied from 0.3 ºC in winter to 27.8 ºC in summer. The mental factors were done with standardised appa- obtained values of water turbidity ranged from 1.3 ratus and methods used by SEPA (An n u a l Wa t e r to even 1000 NTU. These high values of turbidity Qu a l i t y Re p o r t 2011; 2012; 2013). Overall mini- were primarily caused by heavy rains in the spring/ mum, maximum and mean values of these param- autumn period. All measured values of conductivity eters are shown in Table 2. at sampling sites where specimens were found, indi- cate high water quality (Class I; Off i c i a l Ga z e tt e o f Results t h e Re p u b l i c o f Se r b i a 50/2012), and ranged from 227 to 726 µS cm-1. The values of total hardness of During the extensive field study in the period 2011- -1 water (CaCO3; 122-361 mg l ) at sites of P. acumi- 2013, riffle beetle Potamophilus acuminatus was natus findings suggest that this species prefers hard found in only eight samples, from eight sites, situated waters (according to Un i t e d St a t e s Ge o l o g i c a l at six rivers: Lugomir, Ljudska Reka River, Vlasina, Su r v e y Sc a l e ). Ibar, Zapadna Morava and Velika Morava. An over- Bearing in mind the Saprobic Index val- view of the main data regarding the sites of finding ues (Ze l i n k a , Ma r v a n 1961; from An n u a l Wa t e r is provided in Table 3. The species was found at an Qu a l i t y Re p o r t s 2011-2013) it could be noted altitude range from 95 m (Markovac; Velika Morava that this species primarily inhabits in Serbia rela- River) to 586 m a.s.l. (Požega; Ljudska Reka River), tively clear and unpolluted watercourses (good wa- and all finding sites except one (Vlasina; Ecoregion ter quality; class II) which could be classified as 7), were from Ecoregion 5 (Il l i e s 1978). β-mesosaprobic waters. However, we found that P. Compared to over 800 samples taken during acuminatus could also tolerate moderate organic the sampling, the incidence of this species could be pollution, i.e. waters classified as α-mesosaprobic estimated to stands at only about 1%. Furthermore, (moderate water quality; class III). the number of collected specimens was low, suggest- ing low population density. The highest number (five individuals) was recorded at the Gugaljski Most site Discussion (Zapadna Morava River), near the town of Požega Potamophilus acuminatus is considered a typical (Western Serbia), in September 2011 (Table 3). rheobiontic species which prefers well oxygen- The species was found in oxygen rich waters ated waters, and is extremely sensitive to environ- (dissolved oxygen 10.56 mg/l, oxygen saturation mental degradation (Ko d a d a 1991; Br a s c h 1995; 98.1%, on average; Table 2). Regarding organic nu- Kl a u s n i tz e r 1996; Jä c h et al. 2005). Our results trients in the water, P. acuminatus was found to tol- comply with some of these literature data, as the spe- + -1 erate NH4 concentration as high as 4.52 mg l (bad cies was found in oxygen-rich waters. As a rheobi- water quality; class V, according to Off i c i a l Ga z e tt e ont with high oxygen demands, it is not unexpected o f t h e RS 74/2011; Table 2). The lowest concen- that regarding longitudinal distribution of species - -1 tration of nitrates (NO3 ) was 0.05 mg l (Class I), along the watercourse, P. acuminatus is considered and the highest was 2.1 mg l-1 (Class II). Obtained as hyporhitral taxon, which prefers lower parts of 3- u c z y ń s k i concentrations of orthophosphates (PO4 ) ranged streams and brooks (B et al. 2011). Indeed, from 0.01 mg l-1 (high water quality) to 0.207 mg l-1 the majority of sites where this taxon was found (poor water quality). Values of Biochemical Oxygen (under boulders, large stones and rotting timbers

Demand within a period of 5 days (BOD5) at sites of submerged in water) during our study, belonged to P. acuminatus findings ranged from Class I to Class mesorhitron and hyporhitron zone (Fig.1, Table 3). IV, according to Off i c i a l Ga z e tt e o f t h e Re p u b l i c o f Some of these localities were situated in relatively Se r b i a 74/2011. A moderate tolerance to increased unpolluted regions, surrounded by mountains and

209 Novaković B., V. Marković, M. Ilić, B. Tubić, J. Đuknić, I. Živić 0.062 0.173 3.403 5.850 0.842 0.032 0.194 2.707 1.983 5.258 8.004 5.083 10.063 16.033 32.375 14.167 33.667 92.833 12.975 65.433 204.909 258.250 209.167 393.000 Velika Morava Velika Ljubičevski Most Ibar Ušće 0.120 0.202 3.776 3.567 1.208 0.029 0.221 1.910 3.044 4.423 8.519 4.463 11.592 10.697 15.233 26.250 14.158 45.500 96.333 29.377 230.500 283.667 218.833 486.750 0.079 0.435 3.470 7.850 1.500 8.370 0.970 0.079 0.205 2.230 1.981 3.330 8.300 3.814 10.760 16.150 18.300 12.720 14.780 196.000 226.200 205.700 100.000 365.700 Gugaljski Most Zapadna Morava Zapadna 0.038 0.087 2.673 5.950 6.050 3.182 0.234 0.009 0.023 1.373 0.491 2.036 8.445 2.267 10.855 20.455 16.182 13.691 23.366 Vlasina 157.300 168.091 146.455 100.273 275.455 Vlasotince P. acuminatus was recorded in Serbia (2011-2013) P. 0.058 0.120 9.600 3.400 8.200 1.800 6.000 0.600 0.010 0.003 2.200 0.800 2.400 8.500 2.500 28.000 20.000 97.000 15.400 24.600 Požega 205.000 253.000 196.000 364.000 Ljudska Reka 4.111 0.063 0.137 5.900 5.400 0.812 0.271 0.697 2.478 2.802 3.822 8.267 5.200 Majur 6.400 15.111 10.589 19.050 82.444 14.844 326.000 369.778 343.000 103.333 619.222 Lugomir 0.106 0.204 3.736 2.367 0.836 0.100 0.162 1.944 2.188 4.591 8.164 4.522 Velika Velika 11.291 10.582 12.533 42.273 39.000 98.818 12.436 52.545 232.545 260.182 227.909 413.364 Morava Bagrdan 0.122 0.244 3.927 2.400 0.736 0.138 0.625 3.850 2.325 4.927 8.009 5.710 Velika Velika 11.782 10.427 12.500 84.818 36.273 96.909 12.573 115.773 236.636 282.100 237.091 453.182 Morava Markovac ) ) -1 -1 ) -1 ) ) ) -1 -1 ) -1 ) (mg l 3 -1 ) ) -1 ) -1 -1 ) ) ) -1 -1 -1 ) ) ) ) -1 -1 -1 ) -1 ) -1 -1 (mg l (mg l 5 Mn RIVER Total phosphorus (mg l Total Sodium (mg l % Oxygen Saturation hardness (CaCO Total Potassium (mg l Chlorides (mg l Dissolved oxygen (mg l Sulphates (mg l BOD Bicarbonates (mg l Total nitrogen (mg l Total Ammonium ion (mg l Nitrates (mg l Nitrites (mg l COD pH Water temperature (ºC) Water SITE Orthophosphates (mg l (mg l TOC Alkalinity (mmol l Conductivity (µS/cm) Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity Total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg l Total Total suspended solids (TSS) (mg l Total Table 1. The mean annual values of measured physical and chemical parameters at sampling sites where Table

210 Recent Records and Ecological Notes on the Riffle BeetlePotamophilus acuminatus...

Table 2. The minimum, the maximum and the mean values of measured physical and chemical parameters from P. acuminatus localities in Serbia (2011-2013); „*“ indicates the median as central tendency measure

PARAMETER Minimum Maximum Mean/Median Water temperature (ºC) 0.300 27.800 12.912 Turbidity (NTU) 1.300 1000.000 10.300* Total suspended solids (TSS) (mg l-1) 0.500 539.000 11.500* Dissolved oxygen (mg l-1) 5.300 14.700 10.559 % Oxygen saturation 59.000 166.000 98.105 Alkalinity (mmol l-1) 1.900 6.600 3.785 -1 Total hardness (CaCO3) (mg l ) 122.000 361.000 224.973 Bicarbonates (mg l-1) 89.000 384.000 223.763 pH 7.500 8.900 8.235 Conductivity (µS cm-1) 227.000 726.000 425.645 Total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg l-1) 100.000 440.000 261.667 Ammonium ion (mg l-1) 0.005 4.520 0.110* Nitrites (mg l-1) 0.003 0.970 0.035* Nitrates (mg l-1) 0.050 2.100 0.809 Total nitrogen (mg l-1) 0.400 5.900 2.139 Orthophosphates (mg l-1) 0.010 0.207 0.085 Total phosphorus (mg l-1) 0.015 1.685 0.157* Sodium (mg l-1) 3.100 35.900 13.033 Potassium (mg l-1) 0.900 12.500 3.911 Chlorides (mg l-1) 0.500 26.000 11.163 Sulphates (mg l-1) 11.000 210.000 37.908 -1 BOD5 (mg l ) 0.600 9.000 2.334 -1 CODMn (mg l ) 1.600 10.100 4.092 TOC (mg l-1) 1.700 10.400 4.710 Total petroleum hydrocarbons (mg l-1) 0.000 0.050 0.011 Phenol Index (mg l-1) 0.000 0.016 0.001* preserved forests, although near human settlements anthropogenic impacts, still could be considered as or even towns. Such localities were Požega at the refugium for rare macroinvertebrate taxa in Serbia. Ljudska Reka River, Vlasotince at the Vlasina River, Because of this, it is imperative to improve and to Majur at the Lugomir River, Ušće at the mouth of protect aquatic habitats along the river. the Studenica River with the Ibar and the Gugaljski Although considered a sensitive taxon in the lit- Most (the Gugalj Bridge) near the confluence of the erature, in our field researchP. acuminatus was found Moravica and Đetinja Rivers. Having in the ecol- in some polluted and degraded habitats, as well. ogy and distribution of this rare taxon, it should be According to our data, it can tolerate poor and even noted that we found it in relatively degraded and bad water quality (based on the obtained values of + 3- polluted habitats in the potamal type of river (three NH4 ,PO4 and BOD5). Considering saprobic prefer- sites along the Velika Morava River; Fig. 1, Table ences (Ze l i n k a , Ma r v a n 1961) also could be stated 3). The Velika Morava River is situated in densely that this species, although primarily inhabitant of un- populated and polluted region “Pomoravlje”, in cen- polluted or slightly polluted waters (β-mesosaprobic tral Serbia (Ko l a r e v i ć et al. 2012; Ma r k o v i ć et al. taxon), could as well tolerate moderate organic pollu- 2015). Moreover, the sites at the Velika Morava River tion (α-mesosaprobic taxon). These findings suggest (Ljubičevski Most, Markovac and Bagrdan) were somewhat broader ecological valence of this beetle characterised by modified gravel banks and a few than previously stated in the literature. small input canals, and this river could be regarded The withdrawal of P. acuminatus in Europe as canalised, heavily modified water bodies. Due to is mainly explained by its sensitivity and the deg- the findings of a few more rare taxa at this river in radation, fragmentation and overall habitat loss recent years (Ma r k o v i ć et al. 2014, Ma r k o v i ć et al. (Kl a u s n i tz e r 1996; Ri b e r a 2000). Moreover, habitat 2015) the Velika Morava River, despite all negative fragmentation is considered as one of the key factors

211 Novaković B., V. Marković, M. Ilić, B. Tubić, J. Đuknić, I. Živić

limiting the dispersion of this species (Bo u k a l et al. 2007). Knowing that adults of this elmid beetle could be regularly found in land environment, as the only 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Middle-European elmid with this characteristic (Jä c h 1978) et al. 2005), habitat fragmentation should not be the main reason for its scarce findings. Indeed, some Ecoregion (Illies, data imply that dispersal occurs despite fragmenta- tion (Bu c z y ń s k i , Pa ł k a 2003). During our research, fragmented areal of P. acuminatus in Serbia could be assumed, due to rarity of findings and spatial distance between them. Only the Velika Morava could be con- sidered as a river with relatively continuous, unfrag- Morava Raška-Ibar

Catchment mented habitats of this rare elmid species in Serbia. Južna Morava Velika Morava Velika Velika Morava Velika Morava Velika Velika Morava Velika Velika Morava Velika If we suppose somewhat lesser sensitivity of

Zapadna Morava-Velika this species, according to our data based mostly on the adults, then as one of the main reasons for its rarity could be its obligatory water stage - larvae. 1 5 3 1 2 4 The literature states that specific threat for this taxon 2* 1* is associated with trophic requirements of its larvae specimens Number of (xylophagous), so even the “positive“ activities, such as water “care” (removal of decaying wood), could result in the total vanishing of the species from the area (Jä c h et al. 2005). Central Europe was considered as the centre of P. acuminatus distribution (Wi ę ź l a k 1986). However, 9 Sep 2011 2 June 2011 18 Jan 2011 18 Jan 2011 17 Sep 2011 17 June 2011 18 June 2012 29 June 2012

Sampling Date due to decreasing population trends in many of the Central European countries, e.g. Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria (Kl a u s n i tz e r 1996, Jä c h et al. 2005, Bo u k a l et al. 2007), nowadays the area of

95 Hungary remains the main centre of distribution and (m) 131 586 265 319 347 127 102 refugium for this species (Ko v á c s et al. 1999, Jä c h et Elevation al. 2005, Ko v á c s , Me r k l 2005, Ká l m á n et al. 2009, Cs a b a i et al. 2010). Relatively dense populations of P. acuminatus (larvae) were recorded in Eastern Romania (Lower Prut Floodplain Natural Park) (Co s t e a et al. 2013). The authors supposed the pos- 11’ 23’’ 11’ 56’ 40’’ 56’ 49’’ 16’ 41’’ 09’ 23’’ 24’ 00’’ 58’ 12’’ 08’ 06’’ 52’ 40’’ 06’ 54’’ 27’ 36’’ 37’ 29’’ 13’ 14’’ 09’ 13’’ 05’ 12’’ 35’ 18’’ 08’ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o sibility of more prominent presence of this species 21 43 43 44 43 43 42 44 21 20 22 20 20 21 21 44 in Romania, due to numerous suitable habitats still

GPS Coordinates existing in medium to large natural Romanian rivers. Our findings suggest similar situation in Serbia, as well. The presence of many well-preserved, natural rivers harbours many potential habitats for P. acumi- natus. Besides, the species is present in some degrad- Site Ušće Majur

Požega ed and moderately polluted rivers, such as the Velika Bagrdan Markovac Vlasotince Morava, as well. The Velika Morava River, due the Gugaljski Most Ljubičevski Most frequency of P. acuminatus records, could be consid- ered as a corridor for this species, which links the Hungarian Plain (as the centre of its diversity) and the Central Balkans, with many potential habitats. Potamophilus acuminatus together with other species of the family Elmidae, Macronychus quad- rituberculatus and canaliculata, are among the most vulnerable riffle beetle species in Serbia Zapadna Morava Ibar Velika Morava Velika Lugomir River Ljudska Reka Vlasina Morava Velika Velika Morava Velika

was recorded during our research in 2011-2013; „*“ indicates the larval findings „*“ indicates the larval findings acuminatus was recorded during our research in 2011-2013; The main data regarding sites in Serbia where P. 3. Table (No v a k o v i ć , Me s a r o š 2014, No v a k o v i ć , unpublished

212 Recent Records and Ecological Notes on the Riffle BeetlePotamophilus acuminatus... data). Considering the species habitat preference, it 1998, Ho l e c o v á , Fr a n c 2001, Bo u k a l 2005, Jä c h is found that P. acuminatus predominantly inhabits et al. 2005). The decline of this species in Europe is stretches of watercourses with fast water flow, usu- likely a consequence of general degradation of suit- ally at the edges of stones, broken tree trunks, rotting able habitats, to which P. acuminatus is extremely branches and stumps submerged in water. In Serbia P. sensitive (Br a a s c h 1995). Fragmentation of habi- acuminatus was found to be rare riffle beetle species, tats is highlighted as particularly dangerous (Ri b e r a scarcely distributed in lowlands (except the Pannonian 2000, Bo u k a l et al. 2007). Ironically, even “water Plain) and in river valleys in submountain regions. care” could lead to disappearance of this beetle, if it Besides, the species is absent from reservoirs, lakes includes removing decaying wood, a primary food and artificial water bodies in Serbia, as well as in source and a habitat for its larval development (Jä c h the lower part of the country (Vojvodina, Pannonian et al. 2005). Having in mind these facts it is not sur- Plain). Its larva tolerates moderate organic pollution, prising that some authors (Ri b e r a 2000, Jä c h et al. while it prefers higher oxygen content. One of crucial 2005) proposed that P. acuminatus should be includ- factors for its presence is the presence of wood de- ed to the Red List of IUCN as vulnerable species bris in the water, which was recorded at all sampling (VU). Our findings contribute to the overall knowl- sites where this species was found in Serbia. This is edge of this taxon. In Serbia, despite many potential expected as larvae are obligatory xylophagous: they habitats, this beetle is rare, and found in low densities feed on dead, partially decomposed wood submerged when present, which is in accordance with literature in water, preferring branches and logs of diameter of data on its sensitivity and rarity. Comparison with ca. 8 cm (Kl a u s n i tz e r 1996, Ho f f m a n , He r i n g 2000, literature data regarding previous findings (SIMIĆet Jä c h et al. 2005). al 2006, Pa u n o v i ć et al 2010) confirms its rarity. On P. acuminatus is regarded as valuable and the contrary, the rarity of findings could reflect the threatened aquatic (Kl a u s n i tz e r 1996, Gr a f lack of optimal habitats for this riffle beetle species. , Ko v á c s 2002). Due to its rarity and low num- However, its presence in some degraded and bers of collected specimens, which could indicate polluted habitats, although in very low number, such the threat of extinction (Pa w ł o w s k i et al. 2002), as along the Velika Morava River, suggests some- in many countries P. acuminatus is regarded as an what broader ecological tolerance of this rare spe- endangered species. Furthermore, in Austria, the cies. Future investigations should shed more light on Czech Republic, Germany and Slovakia it has been the presence of this taxon in the region and on its assessed as CR (critically endangered) taxon (Ge i s e r ecological preferences and sensitivity.

References

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213 Novaković B., V. Marković, M. Ilić, B. Tubić, J. Đuknić, I. Živić

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Zur Präzisierung der biologischen some aquatic beetles, with notes on an extralimital species Klassifikation der Reinheit fließender Gewässer. – Arch. (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae, , Elmidae, Dryopidae). Hydrobiol., 57: 389-407. – Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 66: 81-94. Ma r k o v i ć V., J. To m o v i ć , M. Il i ć , M. Kr a č u n -Ko l a r e v i ć , B. No v a k o v i ć , M. Pa u n o v i ć , V. Ni k o l i ć 2014. Distribution Received: 15.06.2015 of the species of Theodoxus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Accepted: 30.10.2015

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