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Industry 4.0 for Smes Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements Industry 4.0 for Smes Dominik T Edited by Dominik T. Matt Vladimír Modrák Helmut Zsifkovits Industry 4.0 for SMEs Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements Industry 4.0 for SMEs Dominik T. Matt · Vladimír Modrák · Helmut Zsifkovits Editors Industry 4.0 for SMEs Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements Editors Dominik T. Matt Vladimír Modrák Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Manufacturing Management Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Technical University of Košice Bolzano, Italy Prešov, Slovakia Helmut Zsifkovits Chair of Industrial Logistics Montanuniversität Leoben Leoben, Austria ISBN 978-3-030-25424-7 ISBN 978-3-030-25425-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25425-4 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2020. Tis book is an open access publication. Open Access Tis book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. Te images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Te use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Te publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Te publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations. Tis Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG Te registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Tis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant agreement No. 734713 (Project title: SME 4.0—Industry 4.0 for SMEs). Preface Te term Industry 4.0 describes the ongoing revolution of manufactur- ing industry around the world. Large companies in particular have rap- idly embraced the challenges of Industry 4.0 and are currently working intensively on the introduction of the corresponding enabling technol- ogies. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face the hurdle of possessing neither human nor fnancial resources to systematically inves- tigate the potential and risks for introducing Industry 4.0. However, in most of the countries SMEs form the backbone of the economy, they account for the largest share of the gross domestic product and are also important employers. In this respect, the challenges, opportunities, and requirements of Industry 4.0 have to be examined specifcally for SMEs, thus paving the way for the digital transformation of traditional SMEs into smart factories. Te central question in this book is therefore: Which opportunities arise from Industry 4.0, which challenges do SMEs face when introduc- ing Industry 4.0, and which requirements are necessary for a successful and sustainable digital transformation of their company? With this book the research consortium of the H2020 MSCA RISE project “SME 4.0—Industry 4.0 for SMEs” (grant agreement vii viii Preface No. 734713) encourages other researchers to conduct research in the feld of Industry 4.0 specifcally for SMEs and thus expanding the com- munity in SME research. Practical methods, instruments, and best prac- tice case studies are needed to support practitioners from SMEs in the introduction of Industry 4.0. Tis book summarizes the research results of the frst phase of the project “SME 4.0—Industry 4.0 for SMEs: Smart Manufacturing and Logistics for SMEs in an X-to-order and Mass Customization Environment,” which was conducted from 2017 to 2018. Te project, started in January 2017 with a duration of four years and is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 734713. In this initial book, that is being published within the framework of the above-mentioned research project, the editors and contributors focus their research results on possible challenges, opportunities, and requirements that arise from the introduction of Industry 4.0. A fur- ther book publication is planned for the fnal phase with the focus on research of methods for the introduction of Industry 4.0 to SMEs in addition to practical applications in SMEs. A great opportunity for the future lies in the transfer of Industry 4.0 expertise and technologies in Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Tis research project aims to close and overcome the gap in this transfer through the establishment of an international and inter- disciplinary research network for this topic. Tis network has the objectives of identifying the requirements, the challenges, and the opportunities for a smart and intelligent SME factory, creating adapted concepts, instruments, and technical solutions for production and logistics systems in SMEs and developing suitable organisation and management models. Te practical applicability of the results is guar- anteed through a close collaboration of the network with small- and medium-sized enterprises from Europe, USA, Tailand, and India. Te book is structured into fve parts with a total of 13 chapters: Part I—Introduction to Industry 4.0 for SMEs In the frst part readers are introduced to the topic by reviewing the cur- rent state of the art of the transfer of Industry 4.0 in SMEs and the role of SMEs in the digital transformation. Preface ix Part II—Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs In the second part the focus lies on manufacturing in SMEs. Te frst chapter in this part describes the main requirements, constraints, and guidelines for the design of smart and highly adaptable manufactur- ing systems. Te second chapter reports how SMEs can implement an industrial internet of things and cyber-physical systems for achieving distributed and service-oriented control of their manufacturing system. Te third chapter provides insights about potentials and challenges of automation through safe and ergonomic human–robot collaboration. Part III—Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Logistics in SMEs Te third part concentrates on the introduction of Industry 4.0 in SME logistics. In the frst chapter, requirements for the design of smart logis- tics in SMEs are summarized, while the second chapter shows how SMEs can implement identifcation and traceability of objects to enable automation. Te third chapter gives an overview of the state of the art of the application and the potential of automation in logistics. Part IV—Industry 4.0 Managerial, Organizational and Implementation Issues Te fourth part deals with organization and management models for smart SMEs. In the frst chapter in this part, the contributors develop and test organizational models for smart SMEs in terms of mass cus- tomization. In the second chapter, a focus group study shows the main barriers that SMEs are facing when implementing Industry 4.0. As SMEs need to be guided and supported in the process of implementa- tion of Industry 4.0, the third chapter provides an SME 4.0 implemen- tation tool kit. Part V—Case Studies and Methodical Tools for Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs In this part, topics previously covered theoretically are described by means of practical case studies. Te case studies describe both the underlying theoretical concepts as well as the practical implementa- tion and validation in the laboratory environment. In the frst chap- ter, the contributors report about a case study of automatic product x Preface identifcation and inspection by using tools of Industry 4.0. In the sec- ond chapter, readers can expect a laboratory case study for intuitive col- laboration between man and machine in SME assembly. In the third chapter we give an overview on Axiomatic Design as a design methodology pertinent to the introduction of Industry 4.0 to SMEs as this method can be found within some chapters of this book. Tis chapter explains the basic rules of Axiomatic Design: the difer- ent domains and levels used in Axiomatic Design, the independence axiom and the information axiom. Further, this chapter introduces how Axiomatic Design can be used for the design of complex systems including both products and manufacturing systems. We would like to thank the authors for their refreshing ideas and interesting contributions to this topic. Bolzano, Italy Dominik T. Matt Košice, Slovakia Vladimír Modrák Leoben, Austria Helmut Zsifkovits May 2019 Contents Part I Introduction to Industry 4.0 for SMEs 1 SME 4.0: Te Role of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Transformation 3 Dominik T. Matt and Erwin Rauch Part II Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs 2 SME Requirements and Guidelines for the Design of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems 39 Erwin Rauch, Andrew R. Vickery, Christopher A. Brown and Dominik T. Matt 3 Implementation of Industrial Internet of Tings and Cyber-Physical Systems in SMEs for Distributed and Service-Oriented Control 73 Rafael A.
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