Midterm Test #1 − 10% Ian! D
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Shell Scripting with Bash
Introduction to Shell Scripting with Bash Charles Jahnke Research Computing Services Information Services & Technology Topics for Today ● Introductions ● Basic Terminology ● How to get help ● Command-line vs. Scripting ● Variables ● Handling Arguments ● Standard I/O, Pipes, and Redirection ● Control Structures (loops and If statements) ● SCC Job Submission Example Research Computing Services Research Computing Services (RCS) A group within Information Services & Technology at Boston University provides computing, storage, and visualization resources and services to support research that has specialized or highly intensive computation, storage, bandwidth, or graphics requirements. Three Primary Services: ● Research Computation ● Research Visualization ● Research Consulting and Training Breadth of Research on the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC) Me ● Research Facilitator and Administrator ● Background in biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, and IT systems ● Offices on both CRC and BUMC ○ Most of our staff on the Charles River Campus, some dedicated to BUMC ● Contact: [email protected] You ● Who has experience programming? ● Using Linux? ● Using the Shared Computing Cluster (SCC)? Basic Terminology The Command-line The line on which commands are typed and passed to the shell. Username Hostname Current Directory [username@scc1 ~]$ Prompt Command Line (input) The Shell ● The interface between the user and the operating system ● Program that interprets and executes input ● Provides: ○ Built-in commands ○ Programming control structures ○ Environment -
UNIX Cheat Sheet – Sarah Medland Help on Any Unix Command List a Directory Change to Directory Make a New Directory Remove A
THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR HUMAN GENOMIC STUDIES UNIX cheat sheet – Sarah Medland Help on any Unix command man {command} Type man ls to read the manual for the ls command. which {command} Find out where a program is installed whatis {command} Give short description of command. List a directory ls {path} ls -l {path} Long listing, with date, size and permisions. ls -R {path} Recursive listing, with all subdirs. Change to directory cd {dirname} There must be a space between. cd ~ Go back to home directory, useful if you're lost. cd .. Go back one directory. Make a new directory mkdir {dirname} Remove a directory/file rmdir {dirname} Only works if {dirname} is empty. rm {filespec} ? and * wildcards work like DOS should. "?" is any character; "*" is any string of characters. Print working directory pwd Show where you are as full path. Copy a file or directory cp {file1} {file2} cp -r {dir1} {dir2} Recursive, copy directory and all subdirs. cat {newfile} >> {oldfile} Append newfile to end of oldfile. Move (or rename) a file mv {oldfile} {newfile} Moving a file and renaming it are the same thing. View a text file more {filename} View file one screen at a time. less {filename} Like more , with extra features. cat {filename} View file, but it scrolls. page {filename} Very handy with ncftp . nano {filename} Use text editor. head {filename} show first 10 lines tail {filename} show last 10 lines Compare two files diff {file1} {file2} Show the differences. sdiff {file1} {file2} Show files side by side. Other text commands grep '{pattern}' {file} Find regular expression in file. -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
BFP Test Form
BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY CITY OF PHILADELPHIA TEST AND MAINTENANCE RECORD PHILADELPHIA WATER DEPARTMENT THIS FORM (79-770) MUST BE COMPLETED BY A CITY CERTIFIED TECHNICIAN I. GENERAL INFORMATION ORIENTATION ACCOUNT OR METER # NAME OF FACILITY ADDRESS ZIP CONTACT PERSON AT FACILITY TITLE TELEPHONE NO. LOCATION OF ASSEMBLY DATE OF INSTALLATION INCOMING LINE PRESSURE MANUFACTURER MODEL SERIAL NUMBER SIZE □ DS □ RPZ □ FS □ DCV II. TEST INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION INFORMATION TYPE OF INSTRUMENT MODEL SERIAL NUMBER PURCHASE DATE CALIBRATED BY TELEPHONE NO. REGISTRATION NO. CALIBRATED ON NEXT CALIBRATION DUE III. TESTS & REPAIRS INFORMATION CHECK VALVE NUMBER 1 CHECK VALVE NUMBER 2 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE □ LEAKED □ LEAKED □ CLOSED TIGHT □ CLOSED TIGHT □ OPEN AT ________ PSID PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE FIRST PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE SECOND CHECK VALVE IS : CHECK VALVE IS : INITIAL TEST INITIAL □ DID NOT OPEN ______________________ PSID ______________________ PSID □ CLEANED □ CLEANED □ CLEANED REPAIRED: REPAIRED: REPAIRED: □ RUBBER □ SPRING □ RUBBER □ SPRING □ RUBBER □ SPRING PARTS KIT □ STEM / PARTS KIT □ STEM / PARTS KIT □ STEM / □ CV ASSEMBLY GUIDE □ CV ASSEMBLY GUIDE □ CV ASSEMBLY GUIDE □ DISC □ RETAINER □ DISC □ RETAINER □ DISC □ RETAINER * REPAIRS □ O - RINGS □ LOCKNUTS □ O - RINGS □ LOCKNUTS □ O - RINGS □ LOCKNUTS □ SEAT □ OTHER: □ SEAT □ OTHER: □ SEAT □ OTHER: □ CLOSED TIGHT AT ______ PSID □ CLOSED TIGHT AT ______ PSID TEST FINAL FINAL □ OPENED AT ______ PSID CONDITION OF NO. 2 CONTROL VALVE : □ CLOSED TIGHT □ LEAKED REMARKS : □ ASSEMBLY FAILED □ ASSEMBLY PASSED □ CUSTOMER INFORMED *NOTE : ALL REPAIRS / REPLACEMENTS MUST BE COMPLETED WITHIN FOURTEEN (14) DAYS IV. APPROVALS * I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS DATA IS ACCURATE AND REFLECTS THE PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OT THE ASSEMBLY NAME OF CERTIFIED BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY BUSINESS TELEPHONE NO. -
A Brief Introduction to Unix-2019-AMS
Brief Intro to Linux/Unix Brief Intro to Unix (contd) A Brief Introduction to o Brief History of Unix o Compilers, Email, Text processing o Basics of a Unix session o Image Processing Linux/Unix – AMS 2019 o The Unix File System Pete Pokrandt o Working with Files and Directories o The vi editor UW-Madison AOS Systems Administrator o Your Environment [email protected] o Common Commands Twitter @PTH1 History of Unix History of Unix History of Unix o Created in 1969 by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis o Today – two main variants, but blended o It’s been around for a long time Ritchie at AT&T o Revised in-house until first public release 1977 o System V (Sun Solaris, SGI, Dec OSF1, AIX, o It was written by computer programmers for o 1977 – UC-Berkeley – Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) linux) computer programmers o 1983 – Sun Workstations produced a Unix Workstation o BSD (Old SunOS, linux, Mac OSX/MacOS) o Case sensitive, mostly lowercase o AT&T unix -> System V abbreviations 1 Basics of a Unix Login Session Basics of a Unix Login Session Basics of a Unix Login Session o The Shell – the command line interface, o Features provided by the shell o Logging in to a unix session where you enter commands, etc n Create an environment that meets your needs n login: username n Some common shells n Write shell scripts (batch files) n password: tImpAw$ n Define command aliases (this Is my password At work $) Bourne Shell (sh) OR n Manipulate command history IHateHaving2changeMypasswordevery3weeks!!! C Shell (csh) n Automatically complete the command -
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’Ll Start with a Sign in Sheet
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’ll start with a sign in sheet. We’ll end with a class evaluation. We’ll cover as much as we can in the time allowed; if we don’t cover everything, you’ll pick it up as you continue working with Linux. This is a hands-on, lab class; ask questions at any time. Commands for you to type are in BOLD The Most Common O/S Used By BU Researchers When Working on a Server or Computer Cluster Linux is a Unix clone begun in 1991 and written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. 64% of the world’s servers run some variant of Unix or Linux. The Android phone and the Kindle run Linux. a set of small Linux is an O/S core programs written by written by Linus Richard Stallman and Torvalds and others others. They are the AND GNU utilities. http://www.gnu.org/ Network: ssh, scp Shells: BASH, TCSH, clear, history, chsh, echo, set, setenv, xargs System Information: w, whoami, man, info, which, free, echo, date, cal, df, free Command Information: man, info Symbols: |, >, >>, <, ;, ~, ., .. Filters: grep, egrep, more, less, head, tail Hotkeys: <ctrl><c>, <ctrl><d> File System: ls, mkdir, cd, pwd, mv, touch, file, find, diff, cmp, du, chmod, find File Editors: gedit, nedit You need a “xterm” emulation – software that emulates an “X” terminal and that connects using the “SSH” Secure Shell protocol. ◦ Windows Use StarNet “X-Win32:” http://www.bu.edu/tech/support/desktop/ distribution/xwindows/xwin32/ ◦ Mac OS X “Terminal” is already installed Why? Darwin, the system on which Apple's Mac OS X is built, is a derivative of 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD. -
LS-90 Operation Guide
Communicating Thermostat - TheLS-90 has 2 RTM-1 radio ports. These allow your thermostat to communicate with other systems. Depending on your area Power Company, programs may be available to connect your thermostat to power grid status information. This can make it easy for you to moderate your energy use at peak hours and use power when it is less expensive. The RTM-1 ports also allow you to connect yourLS-90 to your home WiFi network. This can give you access to your home’s HVAC system even when you are away. It can also give you access to web based efficient energy management sites that RTM-1 port can help you save money and protect the environment. Customer support:877-254-5625 or www.LockStateConnect.com PG 20 PG 1 LS-90 Operation Guide top cover The LS-90 programmable communicating Wire thermostat operates via a high-quality, easy- terminals Power Grid Reset to-use touch screen. To program or adjust status button your LS-90, simply touch your finger or the indicators Home stylus firmly to the screen. The screen will button SAVE NORMAL automatically light up and you will hear a ENERGY $0.05 KW H FAN 12:30pm “beep.” The screen will respond differently to 5/25 WED different types of touches, so you may want Control o TARGET bar to experiment with both your finger and with F 77o Save TEMP Power the stylus, which is included with the LS-90, Energy HUMI D button HVAC 23% Button STATUS Power Status Normal $.05/kW to see what works best for you. -
File Permissions Do Not Restrict Root
Filesystem Security 1 General Principles • Files and folders are managed • A file handle provides an by the operating system opaque identifier for a • Applications, including shells, file/folder access files through an API • File operations • Access control entry (ACE) – Open file: returns file handle – Allow/deny a certain type of – Read/write/execute file access to a file/folder by – Close file: invalidates file user/group handle • Access control list (ACL) • Hierarchical file organization – Collection of ACEs for a – Tree (Windows) file/folder – DAG (Linux) 2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) • Users can protect what they own – The owner may grant access to others – The owner may define the type of access (read/write/execute) given to others • DAC is the standard model used in operating systems • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) – Alternative model not covered in this lecture – Multiple levels of security for users and documents – Read down and write up principles 3 Closed vs. Open Policy Closed policy Open Policy – Also called “default secure” • Deny Tom read access to “foo” • Give Tom read access to “foo” • Deny Bob r/w access to “bar” • Give Bob r/w access to “bar • Tom: I would like to read “foo” • Tom: I would like to read “foo” – Access denied – Access allowed • Tom: I would like to read “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access allowed – Access denied 4 Closed Policy with Negative Authorizations and Deny Priority • Give Tom r/w access to “bar” • Deny Tom write access to “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access -
Student Number: Surname: Given Name
Computer Science 2211a Midterm Examination Sample Solutions 9 November 20XX 1 hour 40 minutes Student Number: Surname: Given name: Instructions/Notes: The examination has 35 questions on 9 pages, and a total of 110 marks. Put all answers on the question paper. This is a closed book exam. NO ELECTRONIC DEVICES OF ANY KIND ARE ALLOWED. 1. [4 marks] Which of the following Unix commands/utilities are filters? Correct answers are in blue. mkdir cd nl passwd grep cat chmod scriptfix mv 2. [1 mark] The Unix command echo HOME will print the contents of the environment variable whose name is HOME. True False 3. [1 mark] In C, the null character is another name for the null pointer. True False 4. [3 marks] The protection code for the file abc.dat is currently –rwxr--r-- . The command chmod a=x abc.dat is equivalent to the command: a. chmod 755 abc.dat b. chmod 711 abc.dat c. chmod 155 abc.dat d. chmod 111 abc.dat e. none of the above 5. [3 marks] The protection code for the file abc.dat is currently –rwxr--r-- . The command chmod ug+w abc.dat is equivalent to the command: a. chmod 766 abc.dat b. chmod 764 abc.dat c. chmod 754 abc.dat d. chmod 222 abc.dat e. none of the above 2 6. [3 marks] The protection code for def.dat is currently dr-xr--r-- , and the protection code for def.dat/ghi.dat is currently -r-xr--r-- . Give one or more chmod commands that will set the protections properly so that the owner of the two files will be able to delete ghi.dat using the command rm def.dat/ghi.dat chmod u+w def.dat or chmod –r u+w def.dat 7. -
What Is UNIX? the Directory Structure Basic Commands Find
What is UNIX? UNIX is an operating system like Windows on our computers. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. The Directory Structure All the files are grouped together in the directory structure. The file-system is arranged in a hierarchical structure, like an inverted tree. The top of the hierarchy is traditionally called root (written as a slash / ) Basic commands When you first login, your current working directory is your home directory. In UNIX (.) means the current directory and (..) means the parent of the current directory. find command The find command is used to locate files on a Unix or Linux system. find will search any set of directories you specify for files that match the supplied search criteria. The syntax looks like this: find where-to-look criteria what-to-do All arguments to find are optional, and there are defaults for all parts. where-to-look defaults to . (that is, the current working directory), criteria defaults to none (that is, select all files), and what-to-do (known as the find action) defaults to ‑print (that is, display the names of found files to standard output). Examples: find . –name *.txt (finds all the files ending with txt in current directory and subdirectories) find . -mtime 1 (find all the files modified exact 1 day) find . -mtime -1 (find all the files modified less than 1 day) find . -mtime +1 (find all the files modified more than 1 day) find . -
Instructions for Pwd Candidates Regarding Typing Skill Test
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PWD CANDIDATES REGARDING TYPING SKILL TEST (ON COMPUTER) AND STENOGRAPHY SKILL TEST The following guidelines are applicable to PwD Candidates shortlisted for Typing test or stenography test. 1. Typing test will be conducted on computer. 2. Persons with benchmark disability in the category of Visually impaired, orthopedically handicapped (afflicted by cerebral palsy), orthopedically handicapped (both arm affected), orthopedically handicapped candidates who has a locomotor disability wherein the dominant writing extremity is affected to the extent of slowing down the performance of the candidate (such deficiency to be indicated in the certificate, issued by competent authority, submitted by the candidate) will be allowed compensatory time of 05 minutes. 3. VI Candidates are eligible for scribe/passage dictator. 4. The Scribe/ Passage dictator is identified by the candidate at own cost and as per own choice. 5. The scribe/Passage dictator will read out the passage to VI candidates only within the allotted time. 6. Passage will not be provided in Brail for the VI candidates. 7. A person acting as a Scribe/Passage dictator for one candidate cannot be a Scribe /Passage dictator for another candidate. 8. The scribe/Passage dictator arranged by the candidate should not be a candidate for the same examination. 9. The candidate shall be responsible for any misconduct on the part of the scribe/Passage dictator brought by him during typing test. 10.Persons with Disabilities candidates who claim to be permanently unfit to take the Typing test because of a physical disability may, with the prior approval of the CEPTAM, DRDO be exempted from the requirement of appearing and qualifying at such test, provided such a candidate submits in the attached format (Appendix-I) to the CEPTAM, DRDO from the competent Medical Authority, i.e. -
UNIX X Command Tips and Tricks David B
SESUG Paper 122-2019 UNIX X Command Tips and Tricks David B. Horvath, MS, CCP ABSTRACT SAS® provides the ability to execute operating system level commands from within your SAS code – generically known as the “X Command”. This session explores the various commands, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and their alternatives. The focus is on UNIX/Linux but much of the same applies to Windows as well. Under SAS EG, any issued commands execute on the SAS engine, not necessarily on the PC. X %sysexec Call system Systask command Filename pipe &SYSRC Waitfor Alternatives will also be addressed – how to handle when NOXCMD is the default for your installation, saving results, and error checking. INTRODUCTION In this paper I will be covering some of the basics of the functionality within SAS that allows you to execute operating system commands from within your program. There are multiple ways you can do so – external to data steps, within data steps, and within macros. All of these, along with error checking, will be covered. RELEVANT OPTIONS Execution of any of the SAS System command execution commands depends on one option's setting: XCMD Enables the X command in SAS. Which can only be set at startup: options xcmd; ____ 30 WARNING 30-12: SAS option XCMD is valid only at startup of the SAS System. The SAS option is ignored. Unfortunately, ff NOXCMD is set at startup time, you're out of luck. Sorry! You might want to have a conversation with your system administrators to determine why and if you can get it changed.