Supplementary Table 1. Sequences of Primers Used to Amplify Long-PCR Fragments from Taenia

Supplementary Table 1. Sequences of primers used to amplify Long-PCR fragments from Taenia multiceps, T. hydatigena and T. taeniaeformis

Name of primer Sequence (5’ to 3’) For T. multiceps MDnadF: TTCACACGTGGTTGCCTATAGTACATGCT MDJBR: CACAAGCAGACAATACAATCCCAGTTACA MDJBF CAATAGTGTGTTTAGGGAGAAGTGTGTGAGGT MDnadR GCTAATCAACGCTTTCCATCTAACTC For T. hydatigena MpnadF AGTTCTAATCTTGTTGTATTTGTCTTCTGT MpJBR AAGAAACAATTCATCAAACAACAGGA MpJBF GTTTGAGAATAAGTATGAGTCCTGATGCT MpnadR ATGCTAACCAACGCTTACCATCTAACTCTT For T. taeniaeformis MxnadF TTGGGTTTATTAGGAGTATATCGTTGT MxJBR GTAACCCCACCAAACGTAAACAGAAT MxJBF GTTTTTATGGTTTATTGTTTGCTATGTTTTCT MxnadR ATAATCATAATAACCCAAATACAATACCT Supplementary Table 2. Positions and nucleotide sequence lengths of mitochondrial genomes of T. multiceps, T. hydatigena, T. taeniaeformis, and start and stop codons for protein- coding genes as well as their tRNA gene anticodons (starting from tRNA-T)

Genes Positions and nt sequence lengths (bp) Initiation and termination codons (Ini/Ter) Anticodons

TM TH TT TM TH TT TM TH TT

tRNA-Tyr (Y) 1-61 (61) 1-65 (65) 1-65 (65) GTA GTA GTA

Non-coding region (NC) 62-134 (73) 66-129 (64)

tRNA-LeuCUN (L1) 135-202 (68) 130-195 (66) 69-131 (63) TAG TAG TAG

tRNA-SerUCN (S2) 241-309 (69) 229-287 (59) 135-196 (62) TGA TGA TGA

tRNA-LeuUUR (L2) 323-387 (65) 288-351 (64) 214-275 (62) TAA TAA TAA

tRNA-Arg (R) 418-475 (58) 358-412 (57) 281-337 (57) ACG ACG ACG ATG/TAA ATG/TAA ATG/TAA nad5 477-2048 (1572) 407-1981 (1575) 341-1909 (1569)

Non-coding region (NR) 2049-2224 (176) 1993-2116 (124) 1910-2323 (414)

tRNA-Gly (G) 2225-2289 (65) 2117-2182 (66) 2324-2388 (65) TCC TCC TCC ATG/TAG GTG/TAA ATG/TAA cox3 2293-2937 (645) 2186-2830 (645) 2392-3036 (645)

tRNA-His (H) 2945-3018 (74) 2832-2899 (68) 3042-3114 (73) GTG GTG GTG ATG/TAG ATG/TAA ATG/TAA cytb 3022-4089 (1068) 2903-3970 (1068) 3137-4183 (1047) ATG/TAA ATG/TAG ATG/TAG nad4L 4106-4366 (261) 3980-4240 (261) 4188-4448 (261) ATG/TAA ATG/TAA GTG/TAG nad4 4333-5586 (1254) 4261-5460 (1200) 4415-5665 (1251)

tRNA-Gln (Q) 5596-5659 (64) 5465-5527 (63) 5666-5729 (64) TTG TTG TTG

tRNA-Phe (F) 5659-5722 (64) 5525-5588 (64) 5728-5789 (62) GAA GAA GAA

tRNA-Met (M) 5719-5783 (65) 5585-5648 (64) 5787-5850 (64) CAT CAT CAT ATG/TAG ATG/TAA ATG/TAG atp6 5791-6306 (516) 5656-6171 (516) 5861-6379 (519) GTG/TAA ATG/TAA ATG/TAG nad2 6309-7190 (882) 6175-7053 (879) 6383-7273 (891)

tRNA-Val (V) 7199-7264 (66) 7070-7130 (61) 7275-7338 (64) TAC TAC TAC

tRNA-Ala (A) 7286-7350 (65) 7147-7210 (64) 7347-7412 (66) TGC TGC TGC

tRNA-Asp (D) 7357-7423 (67) 7216-7282 (67) 7418-7483 (66) GTC GTC GTC ATG/TAA ATG/TAA ATG/TAA nad1 7428-8321 (894) 7288-8181 (894) 7490-8383 (894)

tRNA-Asn (N) 8325-8392 (68) 8185-8251 (67) 8384-8451 (68) GTT GTT GTT

tRNA-Pro (P) 8411-8476 (66) 8270-8332 (63) 8459-8520 (62) TGG TGG TGG

tRNA-Ile (I) 8478-8542 (65) 8334-8398 (65) 8520-8581 (62) GAT GAT GAT

tRNA-Lys (K) 8555-8619 (65) 8400-8464 (65) 8585-8645 (61) TTT TTT TTT ATG/TAA GTG/TAA ATG/TAG nad3 8621-8908(288) 8465-8812 (348) 8650-8991 (342)

tRNA-SerAGN (S1) 8978-9036 (59) 8813-8871 (59) 8990-9048 (59) GCT GCT GCT

tRNA-Trp (W) 9045-9112 (68) 8879-8955 (77) 9050-9111 (62) TCA TCA TCA ATG/TAA ATG/TAA ATG/TAA cox1 9116-10738 (1623) 8945-10564 (1620) 9112-10746 (1635)

tRNA-Thr (T) 10721-10786 (66) 10550-10612 (63) 10728-10797 (70) TGT TGT TGT

rrnL 10791-11764 (974) 10614-11586 (973) 10797-11755 (959)

tRNA-Cys (C) 11765-11825 (61) 11587-11645 (59) 11756-11815 (60) GCA GCA GCA

rrnS 11829-12565 (737) 11642-12347 (706) 11816-12532 (717) ATG/TAA ATG/TAG ATG/TAG cox2 12566-13144 (579) 12372-12953 (582) 12542-13123 (582)

tRNA-Glu (E) 13166-13233 (68) 12960-13027 (68) 13124-13196 (73) TTC TTC TTC GTG/TAG ATG/TAG GTG/TAA nad6 13234-13686 (453) 13030-13482 (453) 13195-13644 (450)

TM: T. multiceps, TH: T. hydatigena, TT: T. taeniaeformis Supplementary Table 3. Comparison of A+T content (%) of the AT region, protein-coding and rRNA genes of mitochondrial genomes of tapeworm species

Genes TM TH TT HD SE DN DL EG EM EV TA TC TSO TS AT-region 79.6 75.1 78.0 79.2 69.7 71.9 73.4 78.7 77.8 76.4 78.5 79.5 75.0 77.3 atp6 71.1 71.7 74.0 72.7 67.4 67.3 68.0 68.0 69.8 66.4 73.8 74.9 73.6 73.3 nad1 70.1 70.3 73.2 69.3 65.0 67.3 67.3 66.1 68.7 66.3 70.6 72.5 71.3 72.1 nad2 70.3 72.4 75.6 73.7 68.0 68.7 69.3 68.1 71.0 68.4 74.4 75.8 73.8 74.4 nad3 74.3 73.5 74.0 70.7 69.6 70.8 70.8 69.5 72.1 71.2 75.9 76.7 77.9 77.0 nad4 71.6 70.1 73.5 70.6 67.9 67.9 68.7 66.7 68.7 68.4 72.4 75.1 71.7 72.8 nad4L 74.7 75.1 77.4 77.4 70.9 73.9 72.8 70.9 71.6 70.1 71.3 76.2 77.8 71.9 nad5 73.1 72.8 73.0 72.0 67.6 66.8 66.6 66.0 70.0 67.1 72.5 76.4 75.2 73.0 nad6 72.4 74.2 74.9 75.2 69.2 69.3 69.9 68.9 69.1 67.3 71.5 77.3 72.9 70.9 rrnS 72.2 69.5 72.3 71.3 63.0 69.7 68.3 66.7 69.7 66.6 70.5 74.9 72.5 71.0 rrnL 69.4 69.4 72.6 69.1 62.9 69.1 70.1 67.5 69.1 66.7 69.4 74.0 70.6 68.9 cox1 69.9 69.0 70.1 69.4 65.6 66.5 68.1 65.6 67.7 65.5 68.8 71.0 69.3 68.9 cox2 68.6 68.9 69.5 68.4 65.4 64.4 65.4 64.4 65.1 64.3 68.4 71.1 68.7 68.6 cox3 70.1 67.9 71.2 71.3 68.1 68.3 68.4 64.7 67.0 67.1 71.3 73.3 70.1 71.5 cytb 70.1 69.4 72.1 69.6 64.9 65.5 67.2 67.2 68.8 66.4 70.7 72.0 69.9 70.0 EmtG 71.3 70.8 73.0 71.0 66.4 67.8 68.3 67.1 69.0 67.2 71.4 74.0 72.1 71.5 TM：T. multiceps, TH：T. hydatigena, TT：T. taeniaeformis, HD：H. diminuta, SE：S. erinaceieuropaei, ND: D. nihonkaiense, DL： D. latum, EG：E. granulosus, EM：E. multilocularis, EV：E. vogeli, TA：T. asiatica, TC：T. crassiceps, TSO：T. solium, TS：T. saginata, EmtG: entire mitochondrial genome