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Mcofs Climbing Wall Specifications
THE MOUNTAINEERING COUNCIL OF SCOTLAND The Old Granary West Mill Street Perth PH1 5QP Tel: 01738 493 942 Website: www.mcofs.org.uk SCOTTISH CLIMBING WALLS: Appendix 3 Climbing Wall Facilities: Specifications 1. Climbing Wall Definitions 1.1 Type of Wall The MCofS recognises the need to develop the following types of climbing wall structure in Scotland. These can be combined together at a suitably sized site or developed as separate facilities (e.g. a dedicated bouldering venue). All walls should ideally be situated in a dedicated space or room so as not to clash with other sporting activities. They require unlimited access throughout the day / week (weekends and evenings till late are the most heavily used times). It is recommended that the type of wall design is specific to the requirements and that it is not possible to utilise one wall for all climbing disciplines (e.g. a lead wall cannot be used simultaneously for bouldering). For details of the design, development and management of walls the MCofS supports the recommendations in the “Climbing Walls Manual” (3rd Edition, 2008). 1.1.1. Bouldering walls General training walls with a duel function of allowing for the pursuit of physical excellence, as well as offering a relatively safe ‘solo’ climbing experience which is fun and perfect for a grass-roots introduction to climbing. There are two styles: indoor venues and outdoor venues to cater for the general public as a park or playground facility (Boulder Parks). Dedicated bouldering venues are particularly successful in urban areas* where local access to natural crags offering this style of climbing is not available. -
Victorian Climbing Management Guidelines
Victorian Climbing Management Guidelines Compiled for the Victorian Climbing Community Revision: V04 Published: 15 Sept 2020 1 Contributing Authors: Matthew Brooks - content manager and writer Ashlee Hendy Leigh Hopkinson Kevin Lindorff Aaron Lowndes Phil Neville Matthew Tait Glenn Tempest Mike Tomkins Steven Wilson Endorsed by: Crag Stewards Victoria VICTORIAN CLIMBING MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES V04 15 SEPTEMBER 2020 2 Foreword - Consultation Process for The Victorian Climbing Management Guidelines The need for a process for the Victorian climbing community to discuss widely about best rock-climbing practices and how these can maximise safety and minimise impacts of crag environments has long been recognised. Discussions on these themes have been on-going in the local Victorian and wider Australian climbing communities for many decades. These discussions highlighted a need to broaden the ways for climbers to build collaborative relationships with Traditional Owners and land managers. Over the years, a number of endeavours to build and strengthen such relationships have been undertaken; Victorian climbers have been involved, for example, in a variety of collaborative environmental stewardship projects with Land Managers and Traditional Owners over the last two decades in particular, albeit in an ad hoc manner, as need for such projects have become apparent. The recent widespread climbing bans in the Grampians / Gariwerd have re-energised such discussions and provided a catalyst for reflection on the impacts of climbing, whether inadvertent or intentional, negative or positive. This has focussed considerations of how negative impacts on the environment or cultural heritage can be avoided or minimised and on those climbing practices that are most appropriate, respectful and environmentally sustainable. -
ACCT 2008 Dynamic Rope Behavior
ACCT Rope Behavior 1 objective ACCT Rope Behavior 2 structure ACCT Rope Behavior 3 my sinister puppeteers ACCT Rope Behavior 4 climbing, teaching, research, modeling, consumption of German beer, napping through UIAA meetings ACCT Rope Behavior 5 I’m not a guide, so I can’t tell you how to climb. ACCT Rope Behavior 6 dynamic rope standard ACCT Rope Behavior 7 pictorial images © P Schubert & N McMillan; from http://www.theuiaa.org/uiaa_safety_labels.php low stretch rope standard EN 1891 • Definition: 8.5-16 mm, kernmantel, for use “in work access, rescue and in speleology,” hem + haw, types A (general use) and B (not as good as A) • Melting point > 195°C; knotability < 1.2; sheath slippage; sheath/kern ratio • Fall performance in 0.6 m fall on 2.0 m rope (fall factor 0.3): peak force < 6 kN, drops held > 5 • Static strength: with terminations, 15|12 kN; without terminations, 22|18 kN Additional UIAA requirements • > 80% solid color & single direction of spiraling 2nd color(s) ACCT Rope Behavior 8 ACCT Rope Behavior 9 kilo-newtons, einstein, physics kN ~one BIG climber on a bathroom scale equivalence principle: when you jump on the bathroom scale, it reads a much higher than body weight •Energy •Force •Kinematics •Momentum • Material properties ACCT Rope Behavior 10 fall geometry ACCT Rope Behavior 11 fall properties ACCT Rope Behavior 12 energy conservation ACCT Rope Behavior 13 ugh ACCT Rope Behavior 14 more complicated Friction over the top carabiner increases the rope modulus. Belayer behavior and damping (to some degree) reduce the quantity under the radical sign. -
Topic / Subject ROPE Overview (Key Points)
Topic / Subject ROPE Time frame = ______ mins Contact statement (gain student attention and create a readiness to learn) Overview (key points) • Definition / Purpose Means a line composed of a core of braided, twisted or parallel continuous synthetic filaments encased in a smooth woven synthetic sheath manufactured to comply with UIAA/CEN/AS standards. Ropes provide security to climbers in the event of a fall – they are designed to absorb the impact of the fall without causing injury. • Historical perspective Pre 1941 – vegetable fibre ropes widely used (typically Italian hemp) 1941 – First nylon rope used in WW2 (hawser laid) 1953 – First ‘Kernmantel’ (core + sheath) rope developed by Edelrid in Germany 1964 – Introduction of international test certificate for mountaineering ropes (UIAA) Present day – ropes are getting thinner, lighter and stronger (give some examples) • Types -low stretch (previously known as static) -dynamic -twisted, hawser laid -yachting rope (‘sheets’, known as double braid and similar to climbing ropes) Note: Important to distinguish between ropes that are designed for human life support in contrast to lifting non-living loads; eg, Yachting rope is not intended for abseiling. • Construction Modern synthetic fibre ropes utilise a ‘kernmantel’ construction which consists of two parts:- the core (or ‘kern’) and the sheath (or ‘mantel’). The non-climbing public usually refer to this type of rope as a ‘double braid’. The kernmantel construction will be manufactured to be either dynamic or low stretch (‘static’). The distinction between the two is determined by the method of weaving the fibres. Discuss the following diagrams: Dynamic rope construction – EN 892 Low stretch (Static) rope construction – AS 4142.3 (woven or braided core) (parallel core – minimal braiding) Hawser laid construction – not used by climbers or abseilers (generally consists of 3 strands in a right hand lay) Lesson Templates - Rope VER 1.8 01/08/2002 © Copyright 1999-2005 • Applications / Selecting a rope For climbing applications, choose a rope that matches your needs. -
Modern Yosemite Climbing 219
MODERN YOSEMITE CLIMBING 219 MODERN YOSEMITE CLIMBING BY YVON CHOUINARD (Four illustrations: nos. 48-5r) • OSEMITE climbing is the least known and understood, yet one of the most important, schools of rock climbing in the world today. Its philosophies, equipment and techniques have been developed almost independently of the rest of the climbing world. In the short period of thirty years, it has achieved a standard of safety, difficulty and technique comparable to the best European schools. Climbers throughout the world have recently been expressing interest in Yosemit e and its climbs, although they know little about it. Until recently, even most American climbers were unaware of what was happening in their own country. Y osemite climbers in the past had rarely left the Valley to climb in other areas, and conversely few climbers from other regions ever come to Yosemite; also, very little has ever been published about this area. Climb after climb, each as important as a new climb done elsewhere, has gone completely unrecorded. One of the greatest rock climbs ever done, the 1961 ascent of the Salethe Wall, received four sentences in the American Alpine Journal. Just why is Y osemite climbing so different? Why does it have techniques, ethics and equipment all of its own ? The basic reason lies in the nature of the rock itself. Nowhere else in the world is the rock so exfoliated, so glacier-polished and so devoid of handholds. All of the climbing lines follow vertical crack systems. Nearly every piton crack, every handhold, is a vertical one. Special techniques and equipment have evolved through absolute necessity. -
Rock Climbing Fundamentals Has Been Crafted Exclusively For
Disclaimer Rock climbing is an inherently dangerous activity; severe injury or death can occur. The content in this eBook is not a substitute to learning from a professional. Moja Outdoors, Inc. and Pacific Edge Climbing Gym may not be held responsible for any injury or death that might occur upon reading this material. Copyright © 2016 Moja Outdoors, Inc. You are free to share this PDF. Unless credited otherwise, photographs are property of Michael Lim. Other images are from online sources that allow for commercial use with attribution provided. 2 About Words: Sander DiAngelis Images: Michael Lim, @murkytimes This copy of Rock Climbing Fundamentals has been crafted exclusively for: Pacific Edge Climbing Gym Santa Cruz, California 3 Table of Contents 1. A Brief History of Climbing 2. Styles of Climbing 3. An Overview of Climbing Gear 4. Introduction to Common Climbing Holds 5. Basic Technique for New Climbers 6. Belaying Fundamentals 7. Climbing Grades, Explained 8. General Tips and Advice for New Climbers 9. Your Responsibility as a Climber 10.A Simplified Climbing Glossary 11.Useful Bonus Materials More topics at mojagear.com/content 4 Michael Lim 5 A Brief History of Climbing Prior to the evolution of modern rock climbing, the most daring ambitions revolved around peak-bagging in alpine terrain. The concept of climbing a rock face, not necessarily reaching the top of the mountain, was a foreign concept that seemed trivial by comparison. However, by the late 1800s, rock climbing began to evolve into its very own sport. There are 3 areas credited as the birthplace of rock climbing: 1. -
Climbing Wall Facilities Position Statement for the Period 2015-21
The Mountaineering Council of Scotland Climbing Wall Facilities 2015-2021 POSITION STATEMENT AMENDED VERSION 05.16 0 The Mountaineering Council of Scotland Climbing Wall Facilities Position Statement [2015-2021] Approved by the MCofS Board, 18 September 2014 CONTENTS Section Page 1. Executive Summary 2 1.1. Purpose and Background 2 1.2. Aims 2 1.3. Scope 3 1.4. Wall Development Summary 3 1.5. List of Appendices 3 1.6. Appendix: Climbing Wall Facility Position Statement Summary 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Key Aims 5 4. Player Pathways 5 5. Key Drivers for Facility Development 6 6. Desired Outcomes 7 7. Facility Development and Delivery 8 8. Facility Requirements 8 9. Scale of Facility 9 9.1. Boulder Parks 9 9.2. School Walls 10 9.3. Small Walls 10 9.4. Regional Hubs 10 9.5. Regional Hubs Designation 11 9.6. The National Performance Centre 13 9.7. The International Climbing Centre 13 9.8. The National Outdoor Training Centre 14 10. Improving Facility Provision 15 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 16 Appendices A: Player Pathway [Climber to Mountaineer - Recreational] 17 B: Player Pathway [Youth Climbing & Facility Requirements] 18 C: Player Pathway [Youth Starter Climber to Elite] 19 D: Climbing Walls Position Statement: Specifications 20 E: Climbing Walls Position Statement: 2014 Facility Review (see update Strategy) F: Climbing Walls Position Statement: Regional Hub Designation Assessment Criteria 27 1 1. Executive Summary 1.1. Purpose and Background This position statement describes how MCofS will seek to influence the development of an integrated framework of facilities for sport climbing across Scotland, which will meet MCofS aims for both sport development and the ClimbScotland club development initiative over the period 2015-2021. -
Climbers' Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource And
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Molly T. Burns for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Resources presented on December 4, 2014 Title: Climbers’ Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource and Crowding Impacts in Yosemite Valley Abstract approved: ________________________________________________________ Joanne F. Tynon As more people become interested in rock climbing, the need to understand climbers and their preferences and how their activities impact the resource are more vital than ever. With increased use, and with little empirical data about the Yosemite climbing community, park managers cannot adequately develop a comprehensive climbing management plan. The objectives of this research are to use a theoretically based survey instrument to measure Yosemite NP climbers’ level of support for different management strategies. I used chi-square analysis to evaluate the relationship between my independent variables, climbers’ self identified skill level and dependent variables, climbers’ perceived crowding and support for different resource and social based management actions. I found a relationship between climbers’ experience level and their support for resource based management actions. This suggests to managers that managing climbing impacts, either resource based or social impacts, should focus on managing the resource by using restoration techniques, or providing signs or maps to direct climbers to climbing areas. ©Copyright by Molly T. Burns December 4, 2014 All Rights Reserved Climbers’ Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource and Crowding Impacts in Yosemite Valley by Molly T. Burns A THESIS Submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented December 4, 2014 Commencement June 2015 Master of Science thesis of Molly T. -
On Ideal Dynamic Climbing Ropes Arxiv:1611.04327V1 [Math.OC]
On ideal dynamic climbing ropes D. Harutyunyan, G.W. Milton, T.J. Dick and J. Boyer Department of Mathematics, The University of Utah November 15, 2016 Abstract We consider the rope climber fall problem in two different settings. The simplest formulation of the problem is when the climber falls from a given altitude and is attached to one end of the rope while the other end of the rope is attached to the rock at a given height. The problem is then finding the properties of the rope for which the peak force felt by the climber during the fall is minimal. The second problem of our consideration is again minimizing the same quantity in the presence of a carabiner. We will call such ropes mathematically ideal. Given the height of the carabiner, the initial height and the mass of the climber, the length of the unstretched rope, and the distance between the belayer and the carabineer, we find the optimal (in the sense of minimized the peak force to a given elongation) dynamic rope in the framework of nonlinear elasticity. Wires of shape memory materials have some of the desired features of the tension-strain relation of a mathematically ideal dynamic rope, namely a plateau in the tension over a range of strains. With a suitable hysteresis loop, they also absorb essentially all the energy from the fall, thus making them an ideal rope in this sense too. arXiv:1611.04327v1 [math.OC] 14 Nov 2016 Keywords Dynamic climbing ropes, shape memory alloys, hysteresis, nonlinear elasticity 1 1 Introduction Climber fall is a central problem in rock climbing; and an important factor, which this paper addresses, is minimizing the peak force felt by the climber as he/she falls, allowing a maximum elongation of the rope. -
SAFETY and RESCUE Products © Sea Air Thai Co, Ltd.) CONTENTS
SAFETY AND RESCUE Products © Sea Air Thai Co, Ltd.) CONTENTS TEUFELBERGER Group 4 PPE Management APP 6 Products 8 Static ropes 8 Dynamic ropes 22 Throw lines 26 Heat resistant ropes 30 Accessory cords 36 Ready made 44 Rope bags 49 General purpose ropes 50 Tech Tips 58 Fiber structures 58 Raw materials 58 Rope constructions 60 Terminations 61 Coatings and special treatments 62 Rope care, safety & usage 63 The technical specifications are based on the units system used in the country of manufacture. Additional specifications were converted and rounded. WARNING Using these products can entail risks. Do not use them for any other than the intended purposes. Especially, do not use them for personal protection or lifting purposes as specified in PPE-Regulation (EU) 2016/425, unless the products are clearly identified as suitable for such purposes under relevant standards. Customers shall make sure that persons using the products are familiar with their cor- rect use and the necessary safety precautions. Keep in mind that any of these products can cause damage if incorrectly used, stored, cleaned, or overloaded. Check national safety regulations, industry recommendations, and standards for locally applicable requirements (e.g. choice of safety factors).Tested values with sewn termination are based on the seam pattern certified by TEUFELBERGER. PLATINUM®, MAXIM®, KM III®, KM III® Max, Sta-Set®, Endura 12®, Endura Braid®, STS - Stronger than Steel®, TEUFELBERGER® and 拖飞宝® are internationally registered trademarks of TEUFEL- BERGER Group. Further referenced international trademarks: Technora® by Teijin, Nomex® by Dupont, Dyneema® by DSM, Vectran® by Hoechst Celanese. Subject to technical modifications, typesetting and printing errors. -
National Tree Climbing Guide
National Tree Climbing Guide Forest 6700 Safety and Occupational Health April 2015 Service 2470 Silviculture 1 National Tree Climbing Guide 2015 Electronic Edition The Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), has developed this information for the guidance of its employees, its contractors, and its cooperating Federal and State agencies, and is not responsible for the interpretation or use of this information by anyone except its own employees. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this document is for the information and convenience of the reader, and does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. ***** USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (866) 632-9992 (Toll-free Customer Service), (800) 877-8339 (Local or Federal relay), (866) 377-8642 (Relay voice users). Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................4 Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................7 1.1 Training .........................................................................................7 1.2 Obtaining Climbing Equipment ....................................................8 1.3 Terms and Definitions ...................................................................8 -
Sterling Rope Guide to Rope Engineering, Design, and Use Volume 1 Tech Manual
Sterling Rope Guide to Rope Engineering, Design, and Use Volume 1 Tech Manual Our goal at Sterling Rope is to make the highest quality, most technically advanced rope and cord for the rescue, climbing, life safety, and OEM markets. The purpose of this book is to help demystify the rope making process, explain how and why we make rope the way we do and hopefully answer any questions you may have. Table of Contents 1. History of Rope Page 2 2. Types of Rope Construction Page 2 3. Yarn Types Page 3 4. Rope Design and Construction Page 5 4a. Twisting Page 5 4b. Braiding Page 6 4c. ThermoDynamic Balancing Page 7 4d. Final Hand Inspection Page 8 4e. Quality Control Page 8 4f. “Third” Party Certification Page 8 5. Dynamic Ropes Page 8 5a. Testing / Standards For Dynamic Ropes Page 9 6. Static Ropes Page 9 6a. Testing/Standards For Static Rope Page 9 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) Page 10 Copyright: Sterling Rope Company, Inc 31 Washington Avenue Scarborough, ME 04074. Phone: 207-885-0330Email [email protected]: www.sterlingrope.com 2 1. History of Rope Evidence of early hand made ropes date back as far as 17,000 BC. Most of the early ropes were relatively short and hand twisted or braided. The expansion of shipping and the increase in ship size drove the necessity for longer ropes. Construction of ropes was done in a “rope walk”, a long alley with fixed spinning wheels at the upper end and a wheel and a capstan at the lower end.