E1085

“Environmental Management Plan” of the Operational Manual of SFDI

REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

SOCIAL FUND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDPs

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

Baku, November 2004 ACRONYMS

IDPEDSP IDP Economic Development Support Project SFDI Social Fund for the Development of IDPs EA Environmental Assessment FI Financial Intermediary EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan ER Environmental Review LEA Limited Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association NGO Non-Governmental Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background

Environmental Assessment

A. IBRD Safeguards Policy B. Azerbaijan Legislation B.1. Environmental legislation and procedures B.2. Constructions standards and regulations C. Potential Environmental Impacts of Micro-projects D. Institutional Arrangements E. Environmental Assessment Implementation Steps

Annexes for Environmental Assessment

Annex 1 Screening Checklist

Annex 2 Environmental Review (ER) Checklist

Annex 3 Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) Sample Form (Drinking Water)

Annex 4 Environmental Management Format

A. Mitigation Plan B. Monitoring Plan

Annex 5 Micro-project Check Lists

Annex 5.1 Check List: Health Facilities

Annex 5.2 Check List: Education Facilities/Community Centers

Annex 5.3 Check List: Water Supply

Annex 5.4 Check List: Rural and Suburban Roads

Annex 5.5 Check List: Wastewater, Drainage and Sewerage

Annex 5.6 Check List: Dormitories and public buildings BACKGROUND

IDPs Economic Development Support Project (IDPEDSP) is ‘’ repeater” project of the Pilot Reconstruction Project’s IDPs Social Development Fund component. Being a “repeater” project, it will consist of the repetition of the earlier project’s aspects and implementation mechanisms without significant changes. Since IDPEDSP is of the rehabilitation nature mostly, important environmental issues are unlikely to be raised. However, at the micro-projects identification and assessment phase, there will be a need to estimate the environmental impact, to select mechanism for their assessment, to draw plans related to their minimization and to arrange monitoring of the environmental development.

This Environmental Management Plan is a framework document aimed at resolving environmental issues covered in the micro-projects to be funded as part of IDPEDSP.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of IDPEDSP has been drafted on the grounds of the Environmental Management Plan Framework Document prepared in February 2004 for the Project of Investments into the Rural Areas of the Azerbaijan Republic which was funded by the World Bank.

Major objective of IDPEDSP is to improve IDPs living conditions through implementation of community infrastructure micro-projects selected subject to the existing demands and by implementing micro-credit programs.

IDPEDSP has 2 components:

(i) Community infrastructure micro-projects This component includes funding of micro-projects related to the renovation and rehabilitation of small scale social (for example, medical centers, kindergartens, schools, community centers), economic (for example, gravel roads, water and electrical power supply networks) infrastructures, sanitation facilities, condominiums, hostels and public buildings being places of interim residence for IDPs.

(ii) Microcredit program This project will be implemented on the urbanized ( Baku, Sumgayit, Absheron) territories. Environmental impact is expected to be an issue with regard to the first component only, that is micro-projects.

Project site. The project is targeted at the IDPs communities with the population of generally 100 to 1000 persons located on the Azerbaijan territory. Over the period of three years, approximately 130 micro-projects in total will be implemented

-1- ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

A. IBRD Safeguards Policy

The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus improve decision making (OP 4.01, January 1999).

EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible.

EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and cultural property); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of country environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The Bank does not finance project activities that would contravene such country obligations, as identified during the EA.

The coverage and depth of the Environment Assessment (EA) process for IDPEDSP is determined by the specific characteristics of the proposed micro-projects. It is anticipated that IDPEDSP-funded community micro-projects, as a rule, will not trigger a full-scale environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The EA is an integral part of the process of identifying a potential community based micro-project, and of designing, appraising, implementing and evaluating it.

Key considerations to be taken into account during the EA process include:

 Generic initial screening to determine appropriate environmental assessment;  Compliance with existing environmental regulations in Azerbaijan;  Linkages with social assessment;  Analysis of alternatives;  Public participation and consultation with affected people and organizations; and  Disclosure of information.

-2- B. Azerbaijan Legislation

B.1 Environmental Legislation and Procedures

Activities carried out under the project will conform to current laws in Azerbaijan and sound environmental principles. In general micro-projects will not contribute to the degradation of the physical and human environment.

Environmental protection in Azerbaijan is governed by the Law on Environment Protection (1999). The Law establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public associations and citizens regarding environmental protection. It establishes the requirements for the preparation of environmental impact assessments, environmental quality standards, requirements for permitting the activities that affect the environment, prevention and reduction of environmental pollution, environmental monitoring and control, the role of the public and sanctions imposed on law violators. Other laws governing specific issues such as sanitary- epidemiological welfare, land reform, energy, health, water, forests, cadastre and land use, industrial and domestic wastes, fauna, fish breeding, ecological safety, water supply and wastewater, atmospheric protection and specially protected areas have been adopted since 1992. In addition, a large number (some 75+) of Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers have been issued to help interpret the body of environmental legislation and related Presidential Degrees and Orders.

According to Article 42 of the Law on Environmental protection, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) is the competent authority for reviewing the EIA request and documentation prepared by independent experts hired by the project developer prior to initiation of a new investment project. Other key laws forming the legal basis for EIA are the Law on Ecological Safety (1999) and the Provision on the Process of Environmental Impact Assessment in Azerbaijan (1996). The EIA application may be submitted to the head office of the MOE or to a local branch office. In the process of reviewing the EIA application the MOE evaluates the following criteria:

 Whether the proposed project envisions new technologies;  The volumes and complexity of the proposed processes or technologies;  The expected environmental consequences;  Whether the proposed project would create significant changes for the local population; and  Public response to the proposal.

B.2 Constructions standards and regulations

In Azerbaijan, engineering survey, design and construction standards and regulations are governed by the State Construction Committee. Rules of conducting supervision and control procedures by the State Construction Committee had been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2003. Subject to the State Construction Committee regulations all construction operations are to be carried out with due regard to the environmental requirements. Following the existing construction rules, construction or renovation works are to be carried out on the basis of the approved project( design) documents only. State Construction Committee issue special licenses to conduct engineering survey and design operations( no license is required for construction operations).

-3- For accurate evaluation of IDPEDSP micro-projects (designs) only the consulting companies having got the State Construction Committee licenses will be involved. When doing accurate evaluation of micro-projects, consulting companies shall cover all aspects (inclusive of the environmental aspect) of the micro-project and all the drafted project (design) documents shall be agreed with all relevant organizations. Consultant shall prepare a section on the environment in the micro-project report and measures needed to eliminate negative environmental impact shall be included in the section.

Whereas rehabilitation type small-scale infrastructure related micro-projects’ environmental impact is going to be relatively small, micro-project tender bid documents’ approval by the communal and local utilities organizations deemed sufficient. New, construction related micro-projects shall be agreed with the environmental, fire safety and other respective authorities.

C. Potential Environmental Impacts of Micro-Projects

The IDPEDSP micro-projects may include rural roads, water supply, sewerage, electricity, small bridges, small irrigation systems, schools and kindergartens, health centers, community centers, markets, slaughterhouses, dairy plants, vegetable processing plants, etc.

Mitigating measures that may be adopted for each impact are detailed in the annexes for each of the micro-project types and summarized below. However, as the degree and scope of the impacts will vary according to their type and scope, the mitigating measures may vary too.

Construction related and General Type Impacts. Generally speaking, environmental problems related to the implementation of each micro-project will include one or a number of impacts like : threat to the community members or employees’ health condition, noise, generation of air polluting dust, soil or water contamination by oil/residual oil , wastes, ground surface effluents etc., soil excavation by low loaders and burial of waste materials, environmentally sensitive areas risks, risks to flora and fauna etc.

For the reasons of every project’s implementation period expected to be no longer than 4 months basically, and due to the fact that works can not be carried out in all areas at the same time, beneficiaries are likely to feel some of the impacts for a short time only. Some impacts, however can be long- lasting at the same time, like, for example, noise, impacts upon environmentally sensitive areas etc. These impacts/risks, as proposed below and as set out in all relevant attachments can be minimized by specific measures envisaged in micro-projects.

Most of the earlier infrastructure related micro-projects (75% roughly) implemented as part of the SFDI Pilot Reconstruction Project were of rehabilitation type. Today there are over 200 micro- projects presented by the IDPs who are not registered within SFDI. Analysis of the list related to the resolution of the IDPs communities’ priority problems shows that 90% of the projects presented are of rehabilitation type. These micro-projects are expected to have minimum environmental impact.

Social facilities: medical organizations, kindergartens and schools, community centers . Out patient type of clinics’ rehabilitation will have priority in the medical organizations related micro-projects. In the school related micro-projects presented by the IDPs preference will be with the simplified ( classrooms and teachers rooms) projects. Social sites related buildings are going to be small size

-4- mainly, and the impact caused by renovation or construction of such buildings is going to be small either. Key problem with these micro-projects will be the problem of accumulated wastes disposal. Especially important thing is to focus on the accumulated wastes issue during the accurate evaluation of the micro-projects drafts (designs) and to monitor the process during the phase of implementation. In tables 5.1 and 5.2, there is a list of measures to minimized negative impacts and impacts review information.

Water Supply. Impacts associated with the rehabilitation and construction of water supply systems involve managing the resource in a sustainable manner, to avoid over-utilization and negative impacts on the associated environment, and avoiding contamination of the supply post-treatment. There may also be impacts from the noise of pumps and the disposal of wastewater. Annex 5.2 summarizes the most typical impacts and measures that may be used to mitigate them.

Rural and Suburban Roads. Impacts associated with the rehabilitation and construction of roads generally include noise, air quality and other such nuisances, vehicle and pedestrian safety, provision of improved drainage and other supporting infrastructure such as retaining walls, etc., and changes in drainage and traffic patterns. Annex 5.3 summarizes the most typical impacts and measures that may be used to mitigate them.

Wastewater, Drainage and Sewerage. Impacts associated with the rehabilitation and construction of sewerage systems will generally focus on any treatment facility that may be provided, notably issues of smell, and the outfall/disposal point. The latter may include effects to the river regime, as described under Bridges (above), as well as the effects of pollution by the effluent, especially if inadequately treated. Annex 5.5 summarizes the most typical impacts and measures that may be used to mitigate them.

Dormitories and public buildings. Micro-projects are related to rehabilitation (basically it is restoration of roofs, plumbing, internal power and water supply lines, fixing of sewage system and other aspects of common use rehabilitation) of dormitories and public buildings being temporary residence place for IDPs. These micro-projects will be carried out in urban areas and will be of renovation and refurbishment type. In table 5.6 there is information on typical measures which could be used to minimize impacts and review of impacts is also given .

D. Institutional Arrangements

IDPEDSP has been assigned category FI (Financial Intermediary) since it involves on-lending or granting of funds for micro-projects, which will be selected after the IDA credit has been approved. For a FI category project, the Bank requires that prior to micro-project approval, the approving authority should verify that the micro-project is in compliance with relevant national and local environmental laws and regulations and is consistent with Bank policy and procedures on environmental assessment, as described in the OP/BP/GP 4.01. In addition, general approval for the procedures and guidelines for environmental compliance, detailed below, will also be sought from the Ministry of Environment and other concerned authorities prior to project effectiveness. During implementation of IDPEDSP, local MOE officials will be invited to participate in the evaluation of micro-projects.

-5- As in the case of economic, financial, institutional and engineering analysis, EA is a part of project preparation and is therefore the project proponent’s responsibility. The actors involved in the EA are the communities, agricultural associations, micro-project designers, and responsible government bodies. As the owners and operators of the completed micro-projects, the primary responsibility will lie with the communities and agricultural associations.

E. Environmental Assessment Implementation Steps

Figuree 1 below describes measures to be taken at every stage of proposal preparation, evaluation, implementation and monitoring by the claimants (communities) and SFDI team. Since the institutional capacities of the IDPs communities are not high, technical assistance on the part of SFDI will be rendered in the process of micro-project proposals preparation and their initial evaluation. It also includes initial selection from the environmental standpoint, assignment of the EA category and drafting or the respective EA documents. EA documents will be a part of the micro-rojects initial evaluation.

Environmental Screening. Each applicant community/association will undertake an initial environmental screening of the proposed micro-project and will assign an environmental category. The initial screening would be done prior to submittal of the proposal, and would identify potential adverse environmental impacts and determine the corresponding level of environmental assessment needed to address them. The screening checklist is attached as Annex 1. SFDI staff or contracted environmental specialists will be available to assist applicants with initial screening.

EA Categories. Based on the screening, each micro-project would be assigned one of four environmental categories:

 None – no further environmental assessment.

 Environmental Review (ER) – a standardized checklist of possible impacts and appropriate mitigation measures for micro-projects with minimal expected impact. The ER may be reviewed as part of micro-project appraisal. A generic ER checklist is provided in Annex 2.

 Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) – for micro-projects likely to have some environmental impacts and which need to be reviewed by an environmental specialist provided by the SFDI. A LEA form will be specific to the type of micro-project, and mitigation measures recommended by the environmental specialist would be incorporated at the design stage. Annex 3 provides an example LEA form for a drinking water supply micro-project. The environmental specialist would visit the proposed micro-project site to assess baseline conditions and potential site-specific impacts. Micro-projects that require a LEA would require monitoring both during construction and operation, to ensure that mitigation measures are implemented and that no unforeseen negative impacts occur. Recommended formats for preparing mitigation and monitoring plans are found in Annex 4 (A & B).

 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – for micro-projects with significant direct or indirect impacts. The necessity of a full environmental review is expected to be very rare, as

-6- these would be micro-projects that would likely be refused funding by IDPEDSP, in part due to the cost of the EIA. A full EIA usually requires a team of experts and some time to complete, involving several site visits, development of project-specific mitigation measures, and a detailed monitoring and supervision plan. The EIA would be prepared by specialists contracted by SFDI.

The ER, LEA or EIA will be based on the environmental guidelines provided in the Annexes to this document, and will identify the potential environmental impacts for the micro-project, both positive and negative.

As part of the design process the micro-project designer will be required to mitigate any negative environmental impacts arising from the micro-project, and to obtain any necessary legal permits. The documents produced will include preparation of an Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) in the format specified in Annex 4. SFDI staff will be responsible for monitoring the process to ensure that it complies with the procedures as set out in this manual and will also assist the beneficiary as needed in this regard.

During both the construction and operational phases of each micro-project the beneficiary will carry out routine monitoring to ensure that the requirements of the EMMP and any other environmental requirements specified in the legal permits are complied with. The beneficiary will be assisted by SFDI as needed.

To ensure compliance with procedures and to advise on any further measures required to mitigate impacts as much as possible, SFDI will contract qualified firms and/or NGOs to train beneficiaries in environmental assessment, assist in preparation of LEAs, and evaluate environmental aspects of proposals. An experienced consultant will be recruited by SFDI to review and advise on environmentally complex micro-projects, advise and assist SFDI Appraisal Manager on environmental issues, supervise the work of environmental consultants retained for the project, and provide environmental reporting.

-7- Figure 1. Environmental Assessment Process

Targeting and Promotion Formulation

Objective: Ensure that environmental issues Objective: Ensure that environmental issues are introduced to beneficiaries are considered at the earliest Actions:  Educate beneficiaries on stage of the subproject cycle environmental issues and Actions:  Provide technical assistance requirements of the SF directly to subproject  Promote environmentally formulators when necessary, beneficial subprojects or direct them to qualified  Ensure conformity with specialist who can help in national environmental subproject formulation strategies  Ensure impacts and mitigation measures are considered by

Approval Evaluation

Objective: Select most needed and Objective: Ensure that environmental environmentally sound projects impacts have been analyzed and for funding appropriate mitigation measures Actions:  Once subproject has been designed screened and any necessary Actions:  Screen proposals to categorize environmental review or subprojects according to the assessment has been type of environmental review completed, subproject can be that will be necessary approved if it meets environ-  Carry out either an mental viability criteria environmental review, limited  In some cases approval may be environmental assessment, or a denied if the environmental full environmental assessment assessment recommendations report, which will identify have not been satisfactorily impacts and design appropriate

Implementation and Supervision  Prepare contracts with environmental clauses for companies, organizations, and communi- ties to execute subprojects  Undertake site visits to ensure that environ- mental criteria and mitigation measure, as required by contracts, have been incorporated into subprojects  Require changes to subproject design and/or implementation if unforeseen impacts occur  Approval required to issue final payment for subproject construction

-8- Annex 1 Generic Screening Checklist

Recommended Environmental Analysis Microproject type Approach* Doesn’t ER LEA EIA exist Medical institutions: Renovation- rehabilitation x New construction x Educational institutions and community centres: Renovation- rehabilitation x New construction x Potable water supply network: Less than200 persons x More than 200 persons, low or no pollution of the x acquifer More than 200 persons, possibility for the acquifer x pollution Roads in the provinces and rural areas: Renovation- rehabilitation x New construction x Utilities systems x

Sewage and drainage network i: Communal sewage network: Less than 200 persons x Less than 1,000 persons Monitoringx and Evaluation More than 1,000 persons, existing or planned treatment  Site visits during subprojectx execution and operation to assess how environmental system screening and mitigation measures are More than 1,000persons, no treatment system succeeding or have succeeded in minimizingx impacts Drainage network:  Determine if changes are needed to improve Renovation- rehabilitation environmentalx assessment process New construction  Meet with contractors and communityx representatives to gather feedback Renovation of dormitories and public buildings: -9- Minor renovation- rehabilitation works x Reconstruction works or wastes disposal x

*/ ER – Environmental Review, LEA – Limited Environmental Analysis , EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment. The proposed ER instruments are recommendations only, in a particular microproject, there may be a need for a more accurate instrument; this ,however, will never correspond to “lower grade” recommended EA instrument or approach

-10- Annex 2

Example of a Generic Environmental Review (ER) Checklist Proposed Type of Expected Impact Description of Impact Mitigation Measure

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Increased soil erosion?

Increased sediment load into receiving waters?

Likely contamination of surface or subsurface waters?

Excessive dust or noise during construction?

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Removal or disturbance of natural vegetation?

Micro-project in core or buffer area of a protected area?

Disruption or disturbance of animals or any locally important animal habitat?

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Aesthetic degradation of a landscape? Degradation or disturbance of an historical or cultural site? Transport or use of toxic substances that poses a risk to human health? Involuntary displacement of individuals or families?

-11- Annex 3

Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) Form: Example for Potable Water Micro-Projects

Please use short descriptions to respond to the following:

1.0 General Description of Micro-Project 1.1 Micro-Project Objective Current situation of community with respect to potable water, related problems, and expected beneficiaries.

1.2 Construction Phases, or Micro-Project Components

Cleaning the source area, removal of vegetation around source area, digging of well, etc.

1.3 Alternatives Rejected by Micro-Project Presenters Initially considered XXX but rejected due to unstable soils.

2.0 Baseline Description of Affected Environment 2.1 Description of Physical-Chemical Environment Water Air Soil Qualitative characteristics of Characteristics of wind currents, Slope grades, uses of soil, supply source, quality, uses, presence or absence of dust. stability, permeability, signs of erosion. necessity for sanitary protection, accessibility by humans and animals, protection of water source

-12- 2.2 Description of Biological Environment Flora Habitats and Communities Type of vegetation coverage in proposed area. Forests, natural or protected areas, wildlife refuges.

Water Air Soil 2.3 Description of Socioeconomic Environment

Historical Aspects Aesthetic Aspects Public Health Aspects Infrastructure Location of cemeteries, Characteristics of the Mortality and morbidity Access to supply source, archeological ruins, countryside, views. associated with water plants, and tanks, historical and cultural consumption, presence principal economic sites. of mud, disposal of activities, drainage soapy water, etc. systems in the community.

3.0 Identification of Negative Environmental Impacts 3.1 Impacts on the Physical-Chemical Environment Water Air Soil Overexploitation of water source, Creation of dust, noise. Erosion, etc. Stagnation of water, etc.

3.2 Impacts on the Biological Environment Flora Habitats and Communities Impacts on trees or vegetation. Impacts on natural areas, protected areas, or wildlife refuges.

-13- 3.3 Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment Historical Aesthetic Public Health Infrastructure Impacts on monuments, Alteration of the Health risks from the Impacts on drainage archeological ruins, etc. countryside, vistas, etc. formation of water systems, etc. retention areas, etc.

4.0. Mitigation Measures – Use format for Mitigation Plan in Annex 4A.

5.0 Monitoring Plan -- Use format for Monitoring Plan in Annex 4B.

-14- ANNEX 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMAT

A. MITIGATION PLAN

Cost to: Institutional Responsibility Comments to: (e.g. secondary or cumulative impacts) Phase Impact Mitigating Install Operate Install Operate Measure Pre-construction  phase

Construction    Operation    Decommissioning   

-15- ANNEX 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMAT

B. MONITORING PLAN

Cost to: Responsibility to: Phase What Where How When Why Install Operate Install Operate parameter is to be is it to be is it to be is the is to be monitored monitored/ monitored parameter monitored ? type of -frequency or to be ? monitoring continuous? monitored equipment? (optional) ? Baseline

Construct

Operate

Decommission

-16- Annex 5.1 – Check List: Health Facilities

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Contamination from waste materials,  Protect non-construction areas especially construction, medical and  Provide adequate storage, and human wastes appropriate treatment and disposal of all wastes Land  Landslips on embankments, hillsides,  Protect non-construction areas etc.  All construction wastes to be  Impacts from excavation for/disposal transported to the sites identified of soil and other materials by local authorities  Design works to minimize land affected  Design slopes & retaining structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage and vegetation cover  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction  Take/dispose of materials from/at approved sites Water Resources  Contamination/pollution of resource  Store hazardous materials and by construction, human and animal wastes carefully, provide suitable wastes, including fuel & oil, medical wastewater drainage and safe waste and other hazardous wastes, disposal, with treatment as wastewater, etc. necessary Air Quality  Dust and fumes during construction  Dust control by water or (internal and/or external, including otherwise Ventilation of internal volatile construction materials) areas both during and post  Odor, post construction, according to construction services offered, etc.  Careful design and siting of facilities that will cause odors Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from construction  Use appropriate construction methods & equipment  Time work to minimize disturbance Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance of natural habitats,  Store, treat and dispose of wastes especially from improper waste appropriately disposal

-17- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Fauna and Flora  Loss or degradation due to improper  Store, treat and dispose of wastes waste disposal appropriately Social Environment Aesthetics and  Local visual impact of parts of  Careful siting and design of Landscape completed works and some intrusions works, screening of intrusive items in landscape, loss of trees, vegetation,  Replace lost trees, boundary etc. structures, etc., re-vegetate work  Noise, dust, wastes, etc., during and areas post construction  Careful de-commissioning of construction areas and disposal of wastes  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic Human Health  Health and safety hazards during and  Appoint experienced contractors. post construction, including patient Incorporate safety and access and comfort environmental requirements in  Health impacts from hazardous contract documents. Provide construction materials and untreated information on mitigating wastes, especially medical wastes measures. Capacity building to emphasize need for safe working, good supervision, careful planning and scheduling of work and O&M activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  Careful design of works and accesses  Correct disposal of wastes, especially medical wastes, based on selection of most appropriate technology; training in O&M operation and maintenance plans Historical/Cultural  Disturbance/damage/degradation to  Immediately halt work in vicinity Sites undiscovered sites of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities and agreed actions

-18- Annex 5.2 - Check List: Education Facilities/Community Centers

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Contamination from waste  Protect non-construction areas materials, especially construction  Provide adequate storage, and and human wastes appropriate treatment and disposal of all wastes Land  Landslips on embankments,  Protect non-construction areas hillsides, etc.  All construction wastes to be  Impacts from excavation transported to the sites identified for/disposal of soil and other by local authorities materials  Design works to minimize land affected  Design slopes & retaining structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage and vegetation cover  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction  Take/dispose of materials from/at approved sites Water Resources  Contamination/pollution of  Store hazardous materials and resource by construction, human wastes carefully, provide suitable and animal wastes, including fuel & wastewater drainage and safe oil, hazardous wastes, wastewater, waste disposal, with treatment as etc. necessary Air Quality  Dust and fumes during  Dust control by water or construction (internal and/or otherwise Ventilation of internal external, including volatile areas both during and post construction materials) construction

Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from  Use appropriate construction construction methods & equipment  Time work to minimize disturbance Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance of natural habitats,  Store, treat and dispose of wastes especially from improper waste appropriately disposal Fauna and Flora  Loss or degradation due to  Store, treat and dispose of wastes improper waste disposal appropriately

-19- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Social Environment Aesthetics and Landscape  Local visual impact of parts of  Careful siting and design of completed works and some works, screening of intrusive intrusions in landscape, loss of items trees, vegetation, etc.  Replace lost trees, boundary  Noise, dust, wastes, etc., during structures, etc., re-vegetate work and post construction areas  Careful de-commissioning of construction areas and disposal of wastes  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic Human Health  Health and safety hazards during  Appoint experienced contractors. and post construction, including Incorporate safety and patient access and comfort and environmental requirements in handling of medical wastes contract documents. Provide  Health impacts from hazardous information on mitigating construction materials, medical measures. Capacity building to services – equipment, drugs, emphasize need for safe working, wastes, etc., and untreated wastes, good supervision, careful especially medical wastes planning and scheduling of work and O&M activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  Careful design of works and accesses  Correct storage of medical items, etc., and careful disposal of wastes, based on selection of most appropriate technology; training in handling, O&M plans, etc. Historical/Cultural Sites  Disturbance/damage/degradation  Immediately halt work in to undiscovered sites vicinity of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities and agreed actions

-20- Annex 5.3 - Check List: Water Supply

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Damage to soil structure due to  Protect non-construction areas, material storage, construction traffic, avoid work in sensitive areas during etc. highly adverse conditions, provide  Loss of topsoil during excavation temporary haul roads as  Effects of excavation for/disposal of appropriate, restore damaged areas soil and other materials  Strip topsoil where necessary,  Erosion due to uncontrolled surface store and replace post construction run-off and wastewater discharge  Design drainage and other disposal facilities to ensure soil stability Land  Damage to land during construction  Protect non-construction areas Landslips on embankments, hillsides,  Design works to minimize land etc. affected  Impacts from excavation for/disposal  Design slopes & retaining of soil and other materials structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage, soil stabilization/vegetation cover  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction  Take/dispose of materials from/at approved sites Water Resources  Over-exploitation, causing changes  Determine sustainable use/yield in resources, flow patterns, etc., with (test as required) possible impact on downstream users/  Resource planning and users elsewhere (if groundwater) management, in conjunction with  Interruption of surface and authorities & communities underground drainage patterns during  Careful design - maintain natural and post construction, creation of drainage where possible, provide standing water suitable wastewater drainage, Contamination/pollution of resource safe/sanitary disposal of hazardous and/or supply by construction, human wastes and animal wastes, including fuel &  Careful design, adequate oil, hazardous wastes, wastewater, etc. protection from/control of livestock; agriculture, casual human contact, hazardous materials - fuel (including storage), etc.

-21- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Air Quality  Dust and fumes during construction  Control dust with water, control  Impacts from water treatment construction methods and plant, timing of works, vehicle speeds  Minimize major works inside communities  Appropriate design, training in O&M, safety Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from construction  Time work to minimize works, pump stations (if near house/s) disturbance  Use appropriate construction methods & equipment  Restrict through-traffic in residential areas  Careful siting and/or design of plant, provide noise barriers e.g. embankments of waste soil Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance of natural habitats from  Careful siting, alignment, design construction, e.g. dust, noise, of pipelines and structures, and/or un-seasonal working, poor siting of timing of works (seasonal) new works, disposal of untreated  Select disposal areas and methods wastes, etc. carefully Protect sensitive areas  Changes in water resources regime within/close to site  Ensure compliance with minimum seasonal flow requirements Fauna and Flora  Loss or degradation during and post  Careful siting, alignment and/or construction, especially due to design to minimize impacts, un-seasonal working, changes in especially for any sensitive/rare environment regimes, etc (see also species above)  Select appropriate construction methods  Protect sensitive areas within/close to site Social Environment Aesthetics and  Local visual impact of completed  Careful siting and design of Landscape works and some intrusions into works, screening of intrusive items general manmade and natural  Replace lost trees, boundary landscape, loss of trees, vegetation, structures, etc., re-vegetate work etc. areas  Noise, dust, wastes, etc., during and  Careful de-commissioning of post construction construction areas and disposal of wastes  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic

-22- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Human Health  Health and safety hazards during and  Appoint experienced contractors. post construction Incorporate safety and  Health impacts and diseases from environmental requirements in hazardous construction materials contract documents. Provide wastes, contaminated water, improper information on mitigating water treatment measures. Capacity building to emphasize need for safe working, good supervision, careful planning and scheduling of work activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  Correct design and adequate training in O&M of plant, safety procedures, water testing, etc.  Correct disposal of waste Historical/Cultural  Disturbance/damage/degradation to  Careful siting/alignment of works; Sites known and undiscovered sites special measures to project known resources/areas  Immediately halt work in vicinity of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities

-23- Annex 5.4 - Check List: Rural and Suburban Roads

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Damage to soil structure due to  Protect non-construction areas, material storage, construction traffic, avoid work in sensitive areas during etc. highly adverse conditions, provide  Loss of topsoil during excavation for/ temporary haul roads as disposal of construction materials appropriate, restore damaged areas  Erosion due to uncontrolled surface  Strip topsoil where necessary, run-off and wastewater discharge store and replace post construction  Design drainage, structures to ensure soil stability Land  Damage to land during construction  Protect non-construction areas Landslips on embankments, hillsides,  Design works to minimize land etc. affected  Impacts from excavation for/disposal  Design slopes & retaining of soil and other materials structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage and soil stabilization/vegetation cover  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction  Take/dispose of materials from/at approved sites Water Resources  Interruption of surface and  Careful design, maintain natural underground drainage patterns during drainage where possible, consider and post construction, creation of alternative alignments standing water  Store hazardous materials and  Contamination/pollution of resource wastes carefully, provide suitable by construction, human and animal wastewater drainage and safe waste wastes, including hazardous wastes, disposal fuel & oil, wastewater, sediments, etc.  Mitigate run-off velocities and  Increase in runoff and risk of volumes, provide flooding retention/sedimentation ponds as  Flooding due to clogging of drains necessary and drainage structures, etc. Air Quality  Dust during and post construction,  Control dust with water according to road surface  Control construction methods and  Traffic fumes during and possible plant, timing of works increase post construction  Restrict vehicle speeds and through-traffic in residential areas, during and post construction  Careful design, especially at hazardous locations

-24- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from construction  Time work to minimize works, traffic – speed, quantity and disturbance type of traffic during and post  Use appropriate construction construction methods & equipment  Restrict vehicle speeds and through-traffic in residential areas, especially trucks, using signing and appropriate design Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance or loss of natural  Careful habitats and disturbance of protected siting/alignment/placement/design areas, during and post construction of structures (especially for new roads), and/or timing of works (seasonal)  Select disposal areas and methods carefully, Protect sensitive areas within/close to site Fauna and Flora  Loss or degradation during and post  Careful siting and/or design to construction, especially due to minimize impacts, especially for un-seasonal working, changes in sensitive/rare species environmental regimes, e.g. disruption  Consider alternative alignments to wildlife movements causing and/or location of structures increased road kills, etc. (see also  Select appropriate construction above) methods  Protect sensitive areas within/close to site  Work seasonally, as appropriate Social Environment Aesthetics and  Local visual impact of completed  Careful siting and design of Landscape works and some intrusions into works, screening of intrusive items general manmade and natural  Replace lost trees, boundary landscape, loss of trees, vegetation, structures, etc., re-vegetate work etc. areas  Noise, dust, wastes, etc during and  Careful de-commissioning and post construction reinstatement of construction areas, and disposal of wastes  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic

-25- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Human Health  Health and safety hazards during and  Appoint experienced contractors. post construction Incorporate safety and  Health impacts from hazardous environmental requirements in construction materials and wastes, contract documents. Provide pedestrian and vehicle accidents, information on mitigating  transport of hazardous substances measures. Capacity building to emphasize need for safe working, good supervision, careful planning and scheduling of work activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  Correct disposal of wastes  Correct design, including safety measures at hazard points, fencing, road signs, etc.  Restrict movement of hazardous materials in residential areas Human Communities  Social change (new roads)  Appropriate design to minimize social impact (see generally above) Historical/Cultural  Disturbance/damage/degradation to  Careful siting/alignment of works; Sites known and undiscovered sites special measures to project known resources/areas  Immediately halt work in vicinity of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities

-26- Annex 5.5 - Check List: Wastewater, Drainage and Sewerage

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Damage to soil structure due to  Protect non-construction areas, material storage, construction traffic, avoid work in sensitive areas during etc. highly adverse conditions, provide  Loss of topsoil during excavation for/ temporary haul roads as disposal of construction materials appropriate, restore damaged areas  Erosion due to uncontrolled surface  Strip topsoil where necessary, run-off store and replace post construction  Pollution at discharge point, possibly  Design drainage and other leading to groundwater pollution disposal facilities to ensure soil stability and appropriate treatment Land  Landslips on embankments, hillsides,  Protect non-construction areas etc.  Design works to minimize land  Impacts from excavation for/disposal affected of soil and other materials  Design slopes & retaining structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage and vegetation cover  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction  Take/dispose of materials from/at approved sites Water Resources  Changes in regime from excavation  Store hazardous materials and for/disposal of soil, waste materials, wastes carefully, provide suitable etc wastewater drainage and safe waste  Contamination/pollution from disposal construction, human and animal  Select appropriate technology for wastes, including fuel & oil, hazardous wastewater treatment to minimize wastes, wastewater and sewage – pollution, especially in sensitive especially from discharge if not locations, e.g. close to drinking connected to existing sewer. water source, and operate and  Eutrophication of surface water maintain correctly/ according to leading to habit changes, etc. agree discharge standards provide O&M training  Site treatment works appropriately, or incorporate into larger wastewater systems, provide any treatment necessary to meet required standards, plus training

-27- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Air Quality  Dust and fumes during construction  Control dust with water  Hazardous gases in manholes and  Control construction methods and during disinfection (if chlorine gas) plant, timing of works  Restrict vehicle speeds in residential areas  Appropriate design  Proper operation, monitoring system in place Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from construction  Time work to minimize works and traffic disturbance  Use appropriate construction methods & equipment  Restrict vehicle speeds in residential areas, especially trucks Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance or loss of natural  Careful siting/design of structures habitats and disturbance of protected and/or timing of works (seasonal) areas, during and post construction  Select disposal areas and methods  Changes due to eutrophication of carefully, Protect sensitive areas surface water within/close to site Fauna and Flora  Disturbance or loss, especially  Careful siting, alignment and/or aquatic animals and vegetation from design to minimize impacts, eutrophication of surface water, (effect especially for any sensitive/rare of water pollution) species  Select appropriate construction methods  Protect sensitive areas within/close to site  Abatement of pollution by a proper effluent treatment and disposal.

-28- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Social Environment Aesthetics and  Local visual impact of completed  Careful siting and design of Landscape works and some intrusions in general works, screening of intrusive items manmade and natural landscape, loss  Replace lost trees, boundary of trees, vegetation, etc. structures, etc., re-vegetate work  Noise, dust, wastes, etc., during and areas post construction  Careful de-commissioning and  Unpleasant odors from treatment reinstatement of construction areas, facility, disposal point and/or polluted and disposal of wastes during and water course post construction, including proper O&M of treatment facility and training in both  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic Human Health  Health and safety hazards during and  Appoint experienced contractors. post construction Incorporate safety and  Health impacts from hazardous environmental requirements in construction materials and untreated contract documents. Provide wastes information on mitigating measures. Capacity building to emphasize need for safe working, good supervision, careful planning and scheduling of work and O&M activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  Careful siting and design of works  Correct disposal of wastes, based on selection of most appropriate technology; training in O&M operation and maintenance plans Human Communities  Impacts may be concentrated  Adequate treatment prior to downstream in other communities discharge  Adequate consultation of potentially affected communities Historical/Cultural  Disturbance/damage/degradation to  Careful siting/alignment of works; Sites known and undiscovered sites special measures to project known resources/areas  Immediately halt work in vicinity of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities

-29- Annex 5.6 - Check List: Dormitories and Public Buildings

Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Physical Environment Soils  Contamination from waste materials,  Protect non-construction areas especially construction, medical and  Provide adequate storage, and human wastes appropriate treatment and disposal of all wastes Land  Landslips on embankments, hillsides,  Protect non-construction areas etc.  All construction wastes to be  Impacts from excavation for/disposal transported to the sites identified of soil and other materials by local authorities  Strip topsoil as necessary and store, replace/reuse post construction Water Resources  Contamination/pollution of resource  Store hazardous materials and by construction, human and animal wastes carefully, provide suitable wastes, including fuel & oil, medical wastewater drainage and safe waste and other hazardous wastes, disposal, with treatment as wastewater, etc. necessary Air Quality  Dust and fumes during construction  Dust control by water or (internal and/or external, including otherwise Ventilation of internal volatile construction materials) areas both during and post  Odor, post construction, according to construction services offered, etc. Acoustic Environment  Noise disturbance from construction  Use appropriate construction methods & equipment  Time work to minimize disturbance Biological Environment Natural Habitats  Disturbance of natural habitats,  Store, treat and dispose of wastes especially from improper waste appropriately disposal Fauna and Flora  Loss or degradation due to improper  Store, treat and dispose of wastes waste disposal appropriately

-30- Environmental Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Components Social Environment Aesthetics and  Local visual impact of parts of  Careful siting and design of Landscape completed works and some intrusions works, screening of intrusive items in landscape, loss of trees, vegetation,  Replace lost trees, boundary etc. structures, etc., re-vegetate work  Noise, dust, wastes, etc., during and areas post construction  Careful de-commissioning of construction areas and disposal of wastes  See also Soil, Land, Air Quality and Acoustic Human Health  Health and safety hazards during and  Appoint experienced contractors. post construction, including patient Incorporate safety and access and comfort environmental requirements in  Health impacts from hazardous contract documents. Provide construction materials and untreated information on mitigating wastes, especially medical wastes measures. Capacity building to emphasize need for safe working, good supervision, careful planning and scheduling of work and O&M activities, involve communities, fence hazardous areas  All construction wastes to be transported to the identified sites Historical/Cultural  Disturbance/damage/degradation to  Immediately halt work in vicinity Sites undiscovered sites of discoveries, pending instructions from relevant authorities and agreed actions

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