The Consonant System

Labial Apical Laminal Dorsal Glottal Stops, p t ch k voiceless Fortis Oral Stops, Consonant voiced s b d (preglottaliz ed) Lenis Oral Voiceless ph th x kh h Consonant Voiced v l z g s Nasals m n nh ng

Symbol Rough English Equivalent Examples bad ba - three b biết - know scald Cá - fish c cuõng - likewise tic độc - poisonous Học - study khác - difference mực - ink chop (starting with ch) chè - tea ch chọn - choose chop (ending with ch) cách - manner ích - useful zone dùng - to use d azure da - skin done Đá - stone đ đi - go gone đáng ghi nhớ - note worthy gh ghi - to record same as gh bằng gỗ - made of wood g gỗ - wood zebra gìn - keep gi giêng - January gì - what(ever) gia - increase or add giàu - rich Giờ - hour hat hồ - lake h hát - sing sketch kia - over there k kén - choose kêu - call ký - to sign (bach) không - not kh khỉ - monkey khát - be thirsty khu - region l lot lá - leaf