Florida History (Unit 1)

United States History The Spirit of Independence Chapter 5 pp. 115 - 139

I. No Taxation Without Representation

A. Dealing with Great Britain

 After the “______”, Britain had almost absolute control of North America (including Canada)  The “______” created East Florida & West Florida become the 14th and 15th colonies for Britain (with St. Augustine and Pensacola as the capitals)  James Grant (East Florida) and ______(West Florida) were named governors.  The “______” made many of the American colonists very angry (wanted to move into the new land)  The British government wanted to control the westward expansion, not the colonists, and avoid trouble with the Native Americans.  They also wanted to control the ______in the new land and keep the colonists in the east producing goods for England (over 10,000 British troops are kept in America to control this)  In 1763, ______became prime minister of Britain and wants the American colonies to pay the war debt built up in the “French & Indian War”.  The first target was against American smugglers (passed the “______” that authorized British officials to enter American homes & businesses to search)  In 1764, the “______” was passed to raise more money (lowered the tax on imported molasses to get colonists to stop smuggling).  Many colonists were angry that these laws were infringing on their individual liberties (and Britain was holding them to a different standard than other British citizens)

B. New Taxes on the Colonies

 In 1765, the “______” was passed to raise even more money (a tax on printed and legal documents, which affected almost every colonist).  The colonists were more angry now because Britain was interfering in their colonial government and ignored the colonial ideas of self rule. (did not run any of it by the colonial legislatures)  In the Virginia House of Burgesses, member ______pushed through a resolution declaring that only Virginia had the power to tax its citizens.  In Boston, ______organized the “Sons of Liberty” to actively protest the act in the streets (burned “______” of tax collectors and vandalized British official’s homes)  In 1765, the “______” met in New York (9 colonies attended) to petition the king and British government to halt the act (called for a “boycott” of British goods, signed “nonimportation” agreements, and asked the British government to repeal the act)  In 1766, the British government repealed the “Stamp Act” (but passed the “______” on the same day giving the British government the right to tax and make decisions for the colonies however they desired.  In 1767, the British government also passed the “______” which placed a tax on any imported item coming into the colonies (glass, tea, paper, lead, etc)  Once again, the colonists called for ______of British goods (including women, who formed the “Daughters of Liberty”)

II. Uniting the Colonies

A. Trouble in Massachusetts

 To calm the trouble in the colonies, the British government sent more troops to America (further angered the colonists).  The British soldiers angered the colonists by their behavior (stole goods, rude behavior, etc.), so tensions rose.  On ______a group of colonists in Boston and British soldiers got into a heated argument in the street (a shot was fired, which led to many more)  In the “______”, five colonists were killed (including Crispus Attucks) and ignited a huge fire throughout the colonies.  Many of the colonial leaders used ______to make the British soldiers look like murderers.  To calm the situation, the British government repealed the “Townshend Acts” (except for tea)  In 1772, ______organized the committee of correspondence to circulate pamphlets around the colonies to continue the protest of the British laws.

B. Crisis in Boston

 In 1773, the British government passed the “______” to help bail out the British East India Company (allowed them to not pay taxes on the tea imported to the colonies, undercutting American tea prices).  Colonists all over America (mainly in Boston) once again were very upset and demanded another boycott of British goods (colonists began to force British East India ships to leave the ports).  On December 16, 1773, members of the “______” (dressed like Native Americans) boarded three ships in Boston harbor and threw 342 crates of tea into the harbor (“______”).  After this, King George III pushed for the “______” to punish the colonists in Boston for their actions (closed Boston harbor until the tea was paid for, not allowing any other goods into the harbor).  Also banned town meetings and forced British soldiers into colonists homes (angered the colonists across America who sent goods to help Boston).  The ______, passed later, set up a colonial government in Quebec (angered the colonists again who wanted to move into that land)  The “______” (and others) were nicknamed by the colonists the “Intolerable Acts”.

III. A Call To Arms

A. A Meeting in Philadelphia

 In 1774, members of the colonies met in ______to create the “Continental Congress” to find ways to further protest British actions (55 men from 12 colonies (except Georgia))  Samuel Adams, ______, John Jay, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, & ______attended.  The delegates demanded that the British acts be repealed, continue the boycott of British goods, and supported the creation of colonial militias (from the “Suffolk Resolves”).  East Florida / West Florida remained loyal to Britain, refusing to participate in these actions (Florida becomes a destination for more and more loyalists)  In 1774, William Bartram traveled to Florida to explore the natural beauty (called Florida a “garden of Eden”)

B. Fighting Begins

 The first militias were created in ______(where most trouble was) and they nicknamed themselves “minute men”.  In April 1775, ______sent General Thomas Gage and several thousand British soldiers to surround and occupy Boston (ordered to seize weapons and arrest leaders)  After hearing that weapons were in the city of Concord, General Gage ordered 700 British troops to the city  On April 18, 1775: Paul Revere & ______raced to the town of Lexington from Boston to warn the colonists there (warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock).  In the morning, over 70 minutemen (led by Captain ______) meet the 700 British soldiers in Lexington (the British fired, killing 8 minutemen).  The British continued to ______, but found no weapons.  On the “______” outside Concord, a much larger force of minutemen were waiting (they killed 73 and wounded 174 British soldiers) …the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World”

C. More Military Action

 At the same time, ______organized the Connecticut militia and joined Ethan Allen and the Vermont “Green Mountain Boys” and defeated the British Fort Ticonderoga  All over America, colonial militias began to get thousands of volunteers  On June 16, 1775, Colonel ______took 1,200 colonial militia soldiers to Bunker Hill (outside Boston).  The next morning, the British attacked and forced the Americans off the hill after three attacks (Americans ran out of ammunition), but lost over 1,000 killed (“Battle of Bunker Hill”)  With violence starting, the colonists became either “______” (who wanted to stay loyal to England) or “______” (who wanted to get American independence).

IV. Declaring Independence

A. The Second Continental Congress

 In May of 1775, the “______” met with many more influential leaders attending (John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, etc.)  Some of its main tasks were to establish a Continental Army (with George Washington as commander) and create the “______” as a final offering of peace to King George and the British government (he refused it)  ______continued to raise his own British Army (and hired 30,000 German “Hessian” troops).  To hit first, American troops attacked ______(seized the city) and Quebec (failed).  In March of 1776, Washington led the Continental Army into Boston (after bombarding the city) and forced British General ______(left to Nova Scotia).  Earlier in the year, ______wrote a pamphlet called “Common Sense” that said the Americans had every right to have independence (inspired many Americans).

B. Declaring Independence

 The question of independence was the main issue of the Second Continental Congress (divided because many did not know if the war would be successful)  The congress created a committee to draft the “______” (named Thomas Jefferson as its author)  Jefferson used the ideas of ______, who said people had the right to life, liberty, and property and that people establish governments to protect these rights (and can change it if they are not protected).  On ______; the final draft of the declaration was passed and signed by the 56 members (copies were sent to all the colonies)  The declaration consisted of the ______, the rights they deserve, the abuses of the King, and the final statement of independence.  The ______all accepted the declaration of independence (East Florida and West Florida refused and remained loyal to England).