Chapter 4 + 25: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry
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Chemistry 311
Chapter 4 + 25: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry
Answer these while you read and answer the in-text questions:
CHAPTER 4 1) What are the four main ideas of Dalton’s Atomic Theory? a)
b)
c)
d)
2) Which two of Dalton’s tenets are no longer considered true? Explain. a)
b)
3) How did J.J. Thomson’s work change the model of the atom?
4) How did Ernest Rutherford’s work change the model of the atom?
5) What are the relative sizes and charges of the three subatomic particles? 6) What is the significance of atomic number in identifying atoms?
7) Complete the table below using your knowledge of atomic and mass numbers. Element Protons Mass # Electrons Atomic # Neutrons Si 15
1 2
50 24
88 38
8) What makes two isotopes of an element different?
9) Write isotopic notation for three realistic isotopes of argon.
10)Use the atomic mass unit information on page 114 to show how the weighted average mass of hydrogen is calculated.
11)Briefly explain how the periodic table is organized.
CHAPTER 25 1) How are the terms radioactivity, radiation, and radioactivity related?
2) Compare and contrast the three types of radiation by completing the table below. Alpha Beta Gamma Composition
Symbol
Charge
Source(s)
Shielding
Actual Hazard
Biological Hazard
3) How does the term “half-life” relate to nuclear stability?
4) Solve problems # 7-8 on page 806. 7. 8.
5) What is transmutation?
6) Write transmutation reactions for the following processes: a) Alpha decay of uranium-238
b) Beta decay of aluminum-27
c) Beta bombardment and alpha decay of silicon-27 7) Compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion by completing the table below: Fission Fusion General process
Fuel
Reaction
Energy produced
Controllability
Sustainability
Hazards
8) How is radiation used to benefit society?
Written Work
Write answers to the above objectives and answer these questions: p. 122-124 # 38, 42, 50, 52, 65, 67, 68, 72, 76, 78, 83-88 p. 125 # 2-8 even p. 821-824 # 26, 29a, 30a, 31, 33, 34, 35, 38, 43, 51, 53, 57, 67, 70, 71, 77, p. 825 # 2-18 even
Take a multiple choice test to assess your knowledge.