Chemistry Grade 12, SCH 4U: Structure and Properties of Matter Test (Summative Evaluation)

Equivalent Knowledge and Skills Mark Grade Knowledge and Understanding / 35 Thinking and Investigation / 35 Communication / 15 Application / 15

/ Total Grade 100 Name : ______

 Read through the entire test before beginning. There are 10 pages in total, including the Periodic Table and the electron orbitals chart provided at the end of the test.  Answer the questions in the spaces provided. If needed, you can use the back of the page, but let me know.  I wish you all a successful test!

Knowledge and Understanding (35%) 1. Multiple Choice Questions

a. Which of these elements is the most electronegative?

1 of 10 Chemistry Grade 12, SCH 4U: Structure and Properties of Matter Test (Summative Evaluation) a.i. Germanium a.ii. Indium a.iii. Oxygen a.iv. Phosphorous

b. Nonmetals have b.i. Small numbers of electrons in the valence shell and form positive ions. b.ii. Large numbers of electrons in the valence shell and form negative ions. b.iii. Large numbers of electrons in the valence shell and do not form ions. b.iv. Large numbers of electrons in the valence shell and form positive ions.

c. The ionization energy of an element c.i. is the energy needed to move an electron from the first energy level to the second one c.ii. is the energy generated by its nucleus c.iii. cannot be calculated or observed c.iv. is the energy needed to detach an electron from an elemental atom

Multiple Choice Questions (continued) d. The Pauli exclusion principle states that d.i. any atoms with a free s orbital can form bonds d.ii. no two atoms can occupy the same orbital unless their spins are different d.iii. two atoms sharing an orbital are matched exactly d.iv. atoms of the same configuration do not change

2 of 10 Chemistry Grade 12, SCH 4U: Structure and Properties of Matter Test (Summative Evaluation)

e. What is the correct order of the atomic radius in the elements below? e.i. Cl > Al > Mg e.ii. Mg > Al > Cl e.iii. Al < Mg < Cl e.iv. Mg < Al < Cl e.v. Mg < Al > Cl

2. For the following subshells give the values of the quantum numbers (n, l and ml)

and the number of orbitals in each subshell:

a. 4p ______

b. 3d ______

c. 3s ______

d. 5f ______

e. 2p ______

3. Write the ground-state electron configuration for the following elements:

a. Lithium: ______

b. Copper: ______

c. Bromine: ______

d. Phosphorus: ______

e. Vanadium: ______

4. Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why the decrease in atomic radius

from Ca to Ga is greater than that from Mg to Al.

______

5. Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent and draw the corresponding Lewis Diagram:

a. HCl ______

b. KF ______

c. the CC bond in H3CCH3 ______

d. O2 ______

e. MgBr2 ______

6. Use the VSEPR model to predict the geometry of the following molecules and ions:

a. AsH3 ______

b. OF2 ______

- c. AlCl4 ______

d. BrF5 ______

e. BF3 ______

Thinking and Investigation (35%) 7. Imagine that scientists have discovered a new element X, whose atomic number

is 120. Write the new element’s electron configuration (full) and indicate its n

and l values for the outermost electron.

______

8. Why is the ionization energy required to remove an outer electron from Na + so

much greater than that needed to remove the outer electron from Na? (HINT: if

you’re stuck, draw the orbitals of Na and Na+ to help you visualize).

______

9. Determine which is most polar and explain your reason for making this choice: nitrogen trifluoride OR phosphorus trifluoride. ______

______

10. In which liquid, HF(l) or H2O(l), will the hydrogen bonds be strongest? Based on this prediction, which of the two liquids will have the highest boiling point? ______

______

Application (15%)

6 of 10 Chemistry Grade 12, SCH 4U: Structure and Properties of Matter Test (Summative Evaluation) Answer one of the two following questions. 11. How do you think astronomers utilise the fact that every element has its own distinctive electron configuration? ______

______

12. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. What would be the effect on Canadian lifestyle if it were not so? ______

______

7 of 10 Chemistry Grade 12, SCH 4U: Structure and Properties of Matter Test (Summative Evaluation) ______

10 of 10