Illinois Open 2002

Illinois Open 2002 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Packet by Indiana University (Mica Hilson, Wesley Mathews, Kevin Pearce, Mike Tsybulevski) Tossups

1. This man’s philosophy has been described as a direct attack on uniformitarianism for its assertion that the idea that the future will resemble the past is a matter of belief rather than reason, an idea he put forth in his 1755 work, History of Natural Religion. That work also argued that causality is a simple conjunction of two impressions, and that the sequence of events called history is only a sequence of perceptions. FTP, name this skeptic philosopher who argued against belief as a measure of personal identity in A Treatise of Human Nature, a work whose first book he simplified in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Answer: David Hume

2. Formed in Los Angeles in 1980 as part of the "paisley underground" movement, their first LP, 1984's All Over the Place produced two almost-hits, "Going Down to Liverpool" and "Hero Takes a Fall." Their next two albums, 1986's Different Light and 1988's Everything, would be much more successful, though their success was cut short by lead singer Susanna Hoffs decision to leave for a solo career in 1990. In the interim, however, they racked up five Top 5 hits, beginning with the Prince-penned "Manic Monday." FTP, name this group who scored the #1 hits "Eternal Flame" and "Walk Like an Egyptian." Answer: The Bangles

3. Like alcohols, they can be activated due to protonation of hydrogen iodide and are unreactive toward nucleophilic substitution. Unlike alcohols, however, they are unable to combine with sulfonyl chloride. Those which have an oxygen incorporated into three-membered rings are called epoxides, and the "crown" variety are cyclic molecules with several of its namesake linkages. For 10 points-name these compounds containing an oxygen attached to two alkyl substituents, named for their pleasing aroma. Answer: ether

4. Its author received his name from Mahmud of Ghazni, whom he impressed with its story of Isfendiyar and the son of Zal. This work ends with the death of Yezgird and the return to Zaboul of Feramorz after the chief hero slays Shugdad. Early heroes like Zohak and Kaiumers interact with religious figures from the Zend-Avesta in the first sections, which were written by Daqiqi of Tus. Matthew Arnold drew inspiration from a more famous section, which discusses the combat of Sohrab and Rustam. FTP, name this near 60,000 line poem, a work of Firdousi, the national epic of Persia. Answer: the Shah Nama or Book of Kings

5. The greatest king of this people was the prototype for the Nibelungenlied’s Dietrich von Bern. Following the death of their last queen Amalasuntha, their kingdom was invaded by Belisarius. Their ruling power came from Xeno, who had freed them from the Huns and commissioned them to depose Odoacer. Another famous event during their rule was the execution of Boethius. FTP, name this people originally of southern Scandinavia, whose best known ruler was Theodoric the Great, and who, until the 3 rd century, shared their culture with Visigoths. Answer: the Ostrogoths

6. His earliest recordings were made in the late 1950’s, while attending the Lenox School of Jazz in Massachusetts. He burst onto the jazz scene in 1959, when he released a series of recordings on Atlantic records entitled “The Shape of Jazz to Come.” Yet his most influential recording came the next year, with a piece for double jazz quartet that consisted entirely of a 37-minute sustained, collective improvisation. FTP, name this saxophonist, who became the most prominent influence on avant-garde jazz in the 1960’s with his release of “Free Jazz.” Ornette Coleman

7. A nationally ranked tennis-player as a teenager, he later turned to writing, although his best known work is partially set at the fictional Enfield Tennis Academy. His first novel, The Broom of the System was published in 1987, and his subsequent short story collection, The Girl with the Curious Hair, furthered critical comparisons with Pynchon and Barth. More recently, he has published a collection of essays, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, and one of short stories, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men. FTP, name this author best known for the copiously footnoted, 1,079 page novel Infinite Jest. Answer: David Foster Wallace

8.Recent exploration of the Gakkel Ridge using MAPR robots in this body of water has discovered an exposure of the Moho. The Alpha and Nansen Cordilleras separate its central portion from the outer portions, forming the Makarov and Fran Basins, which are separated by the Lomonosov Ridge. The Jan Mayen and Svalbard fracture zones are found along its south, and features of the continental shelf that makes up 50% of its underwater topography include Vrangelia Island and the Franz Jozef Archipelago. FTP, name this body of water further divided into Kara, East Siberian and Barents Seas. Answer: Arctic Ocean

9. One version of this equation predicts the occurrence of redulation based on the positive or negative slope of the solid-liquid phase boundary in the inverse temperature versus pressure field. Its most common form states that the derivative of the natural logarithm of pressure with respect to temperature equals the heat of phase change divided by the product of the universal gas constant and temperature squared. FTP, name this thermodynamic equation which, though it is readily applicable to solids, typically relates the molar enthalpy of vaporization to the temperature and pressure of a gas. Answer: Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

10. A daughter of Cebren bore him Corythus after his rejection caused by a prophecy of Aesacus. Agelaus receives the assignment to abandon him, but returns to find him being suckled by a she-bear, and raises him on Mt. Ida. Lesser known men killed by this warrior are Cleodorus, Demoleon and Euchenor. His first wife Oenone refuses to heal the wounds he suffered at the hands of Philoctetes, leading to his death. FTP, name this youngest son of Priam and Hecuba who granted the apple of discord to Aphrodite in exchange for the love of Helen, whose kidnapping by him sparked the Trojan War. Answer: Paris

11. At issue in this case was the equal sovereignty of state and federal governments, for its decision contained a clause stating that state legislation may be enacted in areas reserved to the federal government only if concurrent jurisdiction is possible. The chief justice argued that Article I, section 8 of the Constitution did not allow the state in question to grant a monopoly to Fulton and Livingston, and that the plaintiff was entitled to run a rival steamboat service between New York City and the ports of New Jersey. FTP, name this 1824 decision of John Marshall that established congressional control over interstate commerce. Answer: Gibbons versus Ogden

12. Fourteen classes of nouns distinguished by inflecting prefixes used to pluralize words exist in this language, two of which are the Ki-Vi and M-Wa classes, which carry over to verbs of which the noun is the subject. In the 8th and 9th centuries it was pidginized through extensive borrowing from Arabic, from which it takes its own name meaning “of the coast.” Dialects of this lingua franca include the Mvita of Malindi and the Unguja dialect of Zanzibar. FTP, name this language of the Niger-Kordofanian family, the most widely understood African tongue East Africa. Answer: Swahili

13. According to the Winchester Manuscripts, the publisher of this man’s most famous work gave it an erroneous title stemming from its final tale. Caxton’s Preface to that work, a series of eight romances, reveals he was a knight of Warwickshire who likely completed his work during a prison term for extortion. His sources included Welsh tales like “Kulhwch and Owen,” and the “Quest du Saint Graal,” a completion of Chrietien de Troyes’ Percival. FTP, name this author, whose Tristram of Lyoness and Sir Lancelot du Lac appear in his collection Le Morte d’Arthur. Answer: Sir Thomas Malory

14. The first military units arrived at nearby Quinua to gather supplies before marching west three days before this battle. Their opponents pitched camp at Condorcuna Hill. Hostilities began on the morning of December 9th when the two opposing Generals, Villalobos and Cordova, attempted to attack each other’s left flank. In the ensuing confusion, La Serna’s men believed they had broken the Republican line and moved to cut the route to Lima, but were undone by a successful cavalry charge by Sucre. FTP, name this 1824 victory over Royalist forces that secured Peruvian independence from Spain. Answer: Battle of Ayacucho

15. While with the New York Mets, he combined with San Francisco’s William Van Landingham for the record for the two longest last names in a pitching matchup. After a stellar rookie season in 1995, injuries that included a battle with tuberculosis sent his career into a tailspin. He was eventually traded to Oakland in 1999, where he was converted to a closer. FTP, name this stopper who is now plying his trade with the St. Louis Cardinals. Answer: Jason Isringhausen

16. This form can be used to model the reflection of an infinitely distant light source in a hypothetical two- dimensional mirror with shape approximating the exponential curve. The involute or evolute of this curve beginning at the vertex is a tractrix, and its radial is known as the Kampyle of Eudoxus. This form is produced from the rolling of a parabola along the x-axis with the focus set at its pole. Defined as the curve of the function hyperbolic cosine of x, FTP, name this Cartesian curve proved by Huygens to predict the shape of an ideal flexible rope suspended from its ends. Answer: Catenary

17. Among the building projects begun during this man’s reign are the Ak-Saray palace in Sakhrisabz, Gawhar Shad’s Mausoleum in Herat, and the turquoise-domed Bibi Khan Mosque he ordered completed for his favorite wife Saray Mulk, through whom he justified his rule and conquests. He made the Registan the centerpiece of his capital city, from which he launched the campaigns that buried the Sultanate of Delhi and the cities of Aleppo and Baghdad at the turn of the 15th century. At Angora he defeated Bayezid I, carrying him back to Samarkand a prisoner. FTP, name this conqueror best known for his pyramids of skulls. Answer: Timur the Lame (Accept Tamerlane)

18. According to Lezlie Laws Couch, this poem was written in a moment of despair while looking out a window after the author spent the night trying to save the life of a young Passaic girl. A pause between lines 3 and 4 breaks the title object into its two components in keeping with the author’s idea of a verbal picture. The title object’s color is purposefully enhanced, described as “glazed with rain water,” and located “beside the white chickens.” FTP, name this famous short still-life poem by William Carlos Williams. Answer: “The Red Wheelbarrow”

19. Its principal cells are composed of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and the glomerular capsule. The countercurrent multiplier process takes place in another part, the loops of Henle. These are located in the medulla, while the cortex contains namesake corpuscles. Nitrogenous compounds accumulate in the collecting ducts, which lead to the pelvis of the organ, which connects in turn to the ureter. FTP, Name this organ made up of Nephrons, where urine is concentrated. Answer: Kidney

20. This man’s poems were salvaged by Asinius Pollio, who introduced his work to Maecenas, thus sparing him from eviction. Against his wishes, his most famous work was edited by Varius and Tucca rather than destroyed after his death on a return trip from Athens. His typical influences were Greek poets like Hesiod, who inspired his pastoral Georgics. FTP, name this epic poet whose Eclogues emulated Theocritus’ Bucolics, best remembered for The Aeneid. Answer: Vergil (accept: Publius Vergilius Maro) Bonus Questions

1. Name these various agreements dealing with WWI related fallout FTPE. A: Germany agreed to alter its boundaries with Czechoslovakia and Poland only by arbitration, and Germany was promised entry into the League of Nations. Hitler renounced this 1925 pact when he remilitarized the Rhineland. Answer: Locarno Pact B: More properly known as the Pact of Paris, it was signed between 15 nations that renounced war as an instrument of national policy. It was named for a French foreign minister and a U.S. Secretary of State. Answer: Kellogg-Briand Pact C: In this 1919 treaty with the Allies, Bulgaria ceded Western Thrace to Greece and agreed to limit its army to 20,000 men. Answer: Treaty of Neuilly

2. 30-20-10-5, identify the following. (30): The first one in the Islamic world was instituted by the caliph Moavia and was called the berid, from the name of the towers constructed to protect its employees. (20): The world’s first one was invented by Assyrian emperor Tiglathpilesar III, who used it to hasten the implementation of imperial decrees. (10): The Roman one, called the cursus publicus, contained rapid and slower options drawn by rhedae or birolae carts. (5): The service in English takes its name from the Latin for the messenger’s places of rest, and the term for the messages themselves comes from the bag the Teutonic Knights used to deliver them. Answer: postal service (accept mail delivery service before the 5 point clue)

3. Name these religious structures FTPE: A: Access to shrines on the summits of these temple pyramids was provided by either a series of ramps on one side or by a spiral ramp that circled the entire structure. Notable ones are the ruined examples at Ur and Khorsabad. The Tower of Babel legend may stem from the construction of a large one prior to 3000BCE. Answer: ziggurats B: This is the distinctive pi-shaped gateway erected along the approach to a Shinto shrine. Its function is to guard the sacredness of the shrine from the surrounding profane world. Answer: torii c. (10) The most famous of the grdwaras, or Sikh places or worship, is this building is the Golden Temple in this city. Answer: Amritsar

4. Aldous Huxley novels FTPE: A: Among the minor characters of this novel is the inspiration for a character from The Waste Land, the sorceress of Ecbatana, Madame Sosostris. Its protagonist is poet Denis Stone, who attempts to win the heart of Anne during his holiday at the title estate of Henry Wimbush. Answer: Chrome Yellow B: After meeting Mustafa Mond the controller, a savage imported from New Mexico cannot reconcile his belief in moral choice and the immoral experiments of which he is a part, and commits suicide. Answer: Brave New World C: Taking its title from Milton’s Samson Agonistes, its protagonist Anthony Beavis is led to Mexico by the Marxist Mark Staithes, where he finds faith after losing a leg. Answer: Eyeless in Gaza

5. Identify the following about the Endoplasmic Reticulum FTPE: A: The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum bears these spherical bodies that make up about 25% of the dry weight of cells during protein formation. Their primary function is to translate mRNA information into protein sequences. Answer: ribosomes B: After being synthesized by ribosomes, new proteins are stored in these flattened sacs that make up the sheets of the ER before being coated with a protective covering. Answer: cisternae C: After losing their protective COPII coat, proteins are transported via budding through this network that connects the ER to the Golgi Complex. Answer: Vesicular-Tubular Cluster or Complex

6. Identify the team that did not make it out of the group play round of the 2002 FIFA World Cup from brief descriptions, FTPE. A: This team, led by a Nigerian expatriate Emmanuel Olisadebe, did not score a goal in its first two matches, but came to life after being eliminated by beating United States 3-1. Answer: Poland B: This team, coached by Nasser Al Johar, allowed a whopping eight goals in its opener against Germany, then showed a little improvement, allowing only four goals in its final two matches, though still being held scoreless on the tournament. Answer: Saudi Arabia C: This team, who finished third in the 1998 World Cup, showed signs of its former self in its win against Italy but was eliminated after losing its third match to the previously-winless Ecuador. Answer: Croatia

7. Name the following Russian abstract artists FTPE: a. (10): His painting Le Cavalier Bleu gave its name to an expressionist art movement he founded in Munich, The Blue Rider. Answer: Wassily Kandinsky b. (10) This dude issued the “Realist Manifesto” with his brother, Antoine Pevsner. He changed his last name to avoid confusion with Antoine. Answer: Naum Gabo c. (10) Gabo’s manifesto was in part a reaction to this man’s constructivism. He is known for the “Monument to the 3rd International” and for decorating Moscow’s “Caffe Pittoresque”. Answer: Vladmir Tatlin

8. Answer the following about business cycles FTPE: A: This Austrian economist identified five types of business cycles based on their length and named the boom, recession, depression and recovery phases of a cycle in his 1939 work Business Cycles and in 1942’s Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Answer: Joseph Alois Schumpeter B: Short and long term business cycles may vary with position on this curve, which depicts an inverse relationship between inflation or wage growth and unemployment. Answer: Phillips Curve C: Schumpeter gave this name to the longest business cycles which last from 48 to 60 years in honor of a Russian economist who studied them. At least three of these cycles, the Industrial Revolution, Bourgeois, and Neo-Mercantilist ones, are documented. Answer: Kondratiev Cycles

9. Name these Spanish authors FTPE: a. (10) : The author of several zarzuelas and entremeses, this Jesuit Priest is best known for plays like The Alcalde of Zalamea and a play about the imprisonment of a Polish Prince, La Vida es Sueno. Answer: Pedro Calderon de la Barca b. (10) This poet and dramatist is known for “Poet in New York”, and “Blood Wedding”. Answer: Frederico Garcia-Lorca c. (10) This dude is totally not Spanish, but he’s in here because J.p. likes to say the name of his work, “Gil Blas” Answer: Alain Rene Lesage 10. Name these scholastic philosophers FTPE: a. (10) As a follower of Robert Grosseteste, he believed that God’s plan can be discovered through the study of nature. The first to isolate Arsenic, he was canonized in 1931 as the patron saint of the natural sciences. Answer: Albertus Magnus or St. Albert the Great b. (10) This pupil of Albertus Magnus argued that understanding comes from divine revelation, just as theology comes from faith, eliminating the conflict between faith and reason in his Summa Theologica. Answer: St. Thomas Aquinas c. (10) This theologian taught with Aquinas at the University of Paris. The author of the Breviloquium, He brought Augustinianism into equilibrium with realism and the teachings of Aristotle, but may be better known for writing that the power of the heart to love is greater than the power of the mind to reason. Answer: St. Bonaventure (accept Giovanni di Fidanza)

11. Name these turn of the century French scientists with connections to each other, FTPE. a. (10) He discovered spontaneous radiation when he exposed a photgraphic plate with uranium salts, a discovery for which he won a share of the 1903 Physics Nobel along with the Curies. Answer: Antoine Henri Becquerel b. (10) This chemist conducted research on branched hydrocarbons, and during WWI, on antidotes to chemical warfare agents, but is now best known for his eponymous organomagnesium compounds. Answer: François Auguste Victor Grignard (pron. "greenyard") c. (10) This man provided Becquerel with the uranium he used, and reported Grigard's preparation of alkyl magnesium halides to the Académie des Sciences, but he was a fine scientist in his own right. He invented the arc furnace, synthesized the first artificial diamonds, isolated fluorine, and discovered carborundum and the silicon carbide crystal now named for him. Answer: Henri Moissan (of moissanite fame)

12. Answer the following about philosophers in musical works FTPE. a. (10) This John Adams bass role is referred to by his acquaintances as the philosopher. He is known for his “shuttle diplomacy”, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973. Answer: Henry Kissinger b. (10) This composer’s Third Symphony features a setting of a text by Nietzsche, which begins “O Man! Take heed!” His named symphonies include #2, Resurrection, and #1, Titan. Answer: Gustav Mahler c. (10) His Symphony No. 22 in E-flat major is given the title, “The Philosopher.” Answer: Josef Haydn

13. Answer the following about asteroids FTPE a. (10) Gravitational resonance interactions with Jupiter during the formation of the solar system are believed to have caused the eccentricities of some asteroids to increase, resulting in asteroid capture by the gravity of the Earth and Mars, thus leaving these gaps in the Asteroid Belt. Answer: Kirkwood Gaps b. (10) These asteroids orbit the sun in the vicinity of the Lagrangian points of another planet, and thus appear to remain fixed with respect to that planet. Almost 1600 have been discovered for Jupiter, Mars and Earth. Answer: Trojan Asteroids C (10) In 1801, the discovery of Ceres appeared to prove this relation predicting the orbit distance from the sun in astronomical units by writing a sequence of doubling numbers beginning with three, adding four to each number, and dividing by 10. Unfortunately, it failed to accurately predict Neptune’s distance. Answer: Titius-Bode Law

15. Works of Herman Melville FTPE: a. (10): George III and Benjamin Franklin appear in this novel. The title character witnesses a fight between the Serapis and the Bonhomme Richard and the attempted burning of Whitehaven during his fifty years of exile beginning when he became a prisoner of war during the American Revolution. Answer: Israel Potter b. (10) : In traveling to Nukuheva Island, protagonist Tommo and his friend Toby seek the idyllic “Happy Valley,” but find the title cannibalistic tribe instead in this novel, subtitled “a peep at Polynesian life.” Answer: Typee c. (10) A crippling stammer prevents this title character from defending himself verbally when falsely accused of leading a mutiny by the master of arms of the H.M.S. Indomitable, whom he strikes and kills. Answer: Billy Budd: Foretopman

15. Name the following having to do with polarized light FTPE: a. (10) This law states that polarization of light reflected from a transparent surface is greatest when the angle between reflected and refracted rays is 90 degrees. Answer: Brewster’s Law b. (10) If all orthogonal polarization is transmitted and all light polarized along the long axis of the molecules in a polarizer is absorbed, then according to this relationship, the resulting light intensity is equal to the initial intensity times the cosine of 2 times the angle between polarization axis and the polarized ray. Answer: Malus’s Law c. (10) This effect, analogous to the Kerr effect in solids, uses an electric field to change the double refraction of a crystal that changes circularly polarized light to elliptically polarized light, measurement of which allows a voltage to be calculated. Answer: Pockels Effect

16. This tree was supposedly spared from destruction by a Saukiog sachem named Sequassen. FTPE: a. (10) Name this historic tree known for its role in preserving a colonial contract. Answer: Charter Oak b. (10) Colonists were attempting to hide the colonial charter from this governor general of the Dominion of New England who consolidated his authority by demanding that charters be surrendered to him in person. Answer: Sir Edmund Andros c. (10) The charter was based on this earlier document drawn up by founder Thomas Hooker, famous for its statement “The foundation of authority is based firstly in the free consent of the people.” Answer: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

17. Their two levels are divided into cubic and general sets, with seven high electron residence probability regions each. FTPE: a. (10)Name these atomic orbitals, four of which have two conical nodes along the z-axis and a nodal plane in the xy regions, often left out of chemistry textbooks because they are rarely important in bonding. Answer: f-orbitals b. (10) One of the few cases where f-orbitals do participate in chemical bonding is in this commonly used gaseous halide compound used in the industrial process that separates isotopes of atomic weight 235 from 238. Answer: uranium hexafluoride (or UF6) c. (10) Because F-orbitals are not very effective in shielding the outer 6s2 electrons from the nuclear charge, this specific decrease in atomic radius causes hafnium and zirconium ions to be similar in size. Answer: the lanthanide contraction

18. FTPE, name the following Japanese writers: a. (10) Well known for short stories like “In a Grove,” a prestigious literary award for the best serious fiction by a new author is named for this author of the chilling “Rashomon.” Answer: Akutagawa Ryunosuke (accept either or both names in any order) b. (10) This writer won the Akutagawa prize for “The Catch”. His first novel was translated as Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids. He is far better known Hiroshima Notes and A Personal Matter. Answer: Kenzaburo Oe (accept either or both names in any order) c. (10) This author of A Thousand Cranes, and Snow Country, was the first Japanese author to win the Nobel Prize. Answer: Kawabata Yasunari (order irrelevant) 19. Identify the following from the pathetic presidencies of Ronald Reagan FTPE: a. (10) This was the program popularly known as “Star Wars” administered by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization relying on space-based weapons systems to protect the U.S. from nuclear attack. Answer: Strategic Defense Initiative b. (10) Among the reasons for Reagan’s War on International Terrorism was the hijacking of this cruise ship by Palestinian terrorists, resulting in the death of Leon Klinghoffer. Answer: Achille Lauro c. (10) This Vice Admiral and National Security Advisor to Reagan was indicted for transferring profits from Iran arms sales to the contras in Nicaragua along with his aide Oliver North. Answer: John Poindexter

20. FTPE, name these various things owned by Norse deities. a. (10) Found on the Plains of Ida, this magic spear of Odin never misses its mark. Because it is made of uru, it is enchanted to return after it is thrown. Answer: Gungnir b. (10) This boat belonged to Frey. It was collapsible, so it could fit in his pocket, conservation of mass be damned. Answer: Skidbladnir c. (10) This hammer of Thor always hits its mark, and always returns to him. Answer: Mjollnir