Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System (Heart) Outline

1) Heart Anatomy 2) Heart Physiology a) Size, Location, and Orientation a) Electrical Events b) Covering of the Heart i) Intrinsic i) Parietal pericardium (1) Conduction system ii) Visceral pericardium ii) Extrinsic c) Layers of the Heart (1) Autonomic Nervous i) Epicardium system ii) Myocardium iii) Electrocardiogram iii) Endocardium b) Heart sounds d) Associated Great Vessel c) Cardiac Cycle i) Arteries i) Ventricular filling (1) Aorta ii) Ventricular systole (2) Pulmonary arteries iii) Early diastole ii) Veins d) Cardiac Output (1) Vena cavae i) Stroke volume (2) Pulmonary veins (1) Preload e) Coronary Circulation (2) Contractility f) Chambers (3) Afterload i) Atria ii) Heart rate (1) Pectinate muscle (1) Neural ii) Ventricles (a) Parasympathetic via (1) Chordae tendiane vagus nerve (2) Trabeculae carnae (b) Sympathetic or Atrial (3) Papillary muscles (Bainbridge)reflex g) Valves (2) Chemical i) Atrio-ventricular valves (a) Hormones (1) Tricuspid (right) (i) Epinephrine (2) Biscupid or Mitral (left) (ii) Thyroxine ii) semilunar (b) Electrolytes h) Pathway of the blood (3) Other factors (a) Age (b) Gender (c) Exercise (d) Body temperature