Anatomy/Physiology First Semester Study Guide

Anatomy/Physiology Midterm Study Guide

1. Name a group of cells that have a common function known :______2. What does lateral mean? ______Medial? ______3. Which region is the shoulder blade found on? ______4. A horizontal plane is known as? ______A vertical plane? ______5. Which system stores calcium? ______6. Which system regulates water, electrolytes and balance of the blood? ______7. What are the striations found on muscle tissue due to? ______8. The study of how the body works is known as ______. 9. The study of the structure and shape of the body is known as ______. 10. The structural and functional unit of life is the ______. 11. A bundle of muscle fibers is known as a ______. 12. Which direction is dorsal? ______Anterior? ______13. Where is the deltoid region? ______14. Where is the patellar region? ______Thoracic region? ______Sternal region? ______15. What abdominopelvic region is the naval found in? ______16. What two systems are the ovaries located? ______17. What body system maintains boundaries? ______controls responsiveness? ______Responsible for body movement? ______18. What is meant by superior? ______Inferior? ______19. What is meant by proximal? ______Distal? ______20. List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex:______21. In directional terms, what is the relationship of the lungs to the heart? ______22. What organs are found in the dorsal cavity? ______23. What organs are found in the thoracic cavity? ______24. Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? ______25. Which ventral cavity has no bony protection? ______26. Which abdominopeovic region would the lower ribs be located? ______27. If a person sprints 500 meters, is this aerobic or anaerobic respiration? ______28. If a person walks for 30 minutes, is this aerobic or anaerobic respiration? ______29. What is a sarcomere? ______30. Where is the A band? ______Z line? ______31. What connects actin and myosin during a muscle contraction? ______32. Which muscle fiber is thick? ______Thin? ______33. What is the role of calcium during a muscle contraction? ______Potassium? ______34. What is the only source of energy that powers muscle activity? ______35. What are the by products of aerobic respiration? ______36. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic? ______37. How much ATP is produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule? ______38. What does build up of lactic acid in muscle tissue cause? ______39. What is the “all or none” law that is applied to muscle movement? ______40. What is muscle atrophy? ______41. During a muscle contraction, which band shortens and which band stays the same? ______42. Name the four basic body tissues:______43. What is the function of epithelial tissue? ______44. What does avascular mean? ______45. Which tissue is “fat”? ______46. Which type of epithelial cells change shape when stretched? ______47. What is the purpose of microvilli on a cell’s surface? ______48. What is the hard impact resistant part of bone called? ______49. Why does cartilage heal so slowly? ______50. List three types of cartilage:______51. Which muscle tissues are multi-nucleated? ______52. Which muscle tissues have intercalated disks? ______53. Which muscle tissues have long tapered cells with one nucleus? ______54. Why are stratified tissues more resistant to wear? ______55. Where would mucous membranes be located? ______56. What does the pericardial membrane cover? ______57. What does the pleura membrane cover? ______58. What does the peritoneum cover? ______59. What does a serous membrane cover? ______60. What is a dry membrane? ______61. What substance makes skin cells waterproof and tough? ______62. What substance gives skin and hair color? ______63. Which sweat gland would be found in the armpit? ______On the forehead?______64. What gland secretes oil into the skin? ______65. List the functions of the skin:______66. What is the muscle that causes “goose bumps” on the skin known as? ______67. What is the center of the hair shaft called? ______68. What is the outer part of the hair shaft called? ______69. What type of epithelium tissue is the outermost part of the skin comprised of? ______70. What type of tissue makes up the epidermis? ______71. Which bones would comprise the axial skeleton? ______72. Which bones would comprise the appendicular skeleton? ______73. What is the difference between a first degree, second degree and third degree burn? ______74. What is the fingernail made up of? ______75. Where is the subcutaneous layer on the skin and what is it composed of? ______76. Where are two locations on the body you would find a ball and socket joint? ______77. What causes Athlete’s foot? ______Impetigo? ______cold sores? ______78. If you are suspicious that a mole may be malignant melanoma, what are four things to consider? ______79. Name the longest bone in the body:______80. Name the two bones in the lower arm and describe their location:______81. What are the bones in the palm of the hand called? ______82. What are the bones in the forefoot called (between the ankle and the toes)? ______83. What is yellow marrow made up of? ______84. What inorganic element is stored in bones? ______85. What articulates with the patella distally? ______Proximally? ______86. What is the only movable bone in the skull? ______87. Where would flat bones be found? ______88. Which marrow is found in adults in the center of the bone and produces red blood cells? ______89. Give the anatomically correct term for the shoulder blade:______collar bone:______Knee cap______tail bone______jaw______heel______Breast bone______shin bone______90. What is the name given for a mature bone cell? ______91. What is the name given for a bone building cell? ______92. What is the name given for a bone destroying cell? ______93. What type of fracture does not pierce the skin? ______does pierce the skin? ______94. Which type of fracture is where the bone is twisted? ______95. Which type of fracture is the most common in children? ______96. List the four major bone classifications according to shape:______97. What is an opening in a bone? ______98. What is an opening in a bone when a tube runs through it? ______99. What type of joint is the elbow? ______The knee? ______Shoulder? ______Ulna to radius?______frontal to parietal?______100. What disease is characterized by excessive bone loss? ______101.Which bone disease is there massive deformity in the joints…especially the hands?______102. What type of joint is a suture? ______

Diagrams: Pages: 11- Anterior and posterior 14 (fig. 1.6) 15 (fig. 1.8) 125 (fig. 6.6) 126 (fig 6.7)

Coloring sheets: Epithelial tissues Muscle tissues (slide drawings)