Key to Sample Questions

Key to Sample Questions: Session 1 1. C 2. B: Catastrophes are different from disasters in character as well as size or intensity. 3. A: Catastrophes affect virtually all aspects of very complex societies, thus requiring a flexible approach that can adjust to changing multi-variable complexities as they develop. 4. B: Many catastrophe types are blind to national wealth. Pandemics, for example, follow the laws of nature, not finance. 5. D: Catastrophes cover many jurisdictions. The only way to have multiple adjoining jurisdictions have the same plan for responding to a given hazard is to have them create a multijurisdictional plan addressing specifically that hazard. 6. C: Police forces throughout the region would likely be affected by the event and would be rapidly overwhelmed. No state has sufficient National Guard troops to replace much of the civilian police force.

Session 2 1. B,C 2. False 3. False 4. A 5. True

Session 3 1. B: is not correct. “Although the intensity of hazards can at times be almost unimaginable, focusing on hazards as the sole cause of catastrophes can be problematic” as stated in the instructor notes. 2. True: According to this view, social relationships, which are maintained by government policies as well as economic institutions and structures, are to blame for vulnerability. 3. False: The holistic vulnerability school accepts the premises of the social vulnerability school, but it adds additional variables that must be taken into consideration. This school is supported by McEntire (2004; 2005). 4. B: Choices a, c, and d are wrong. Decisions and activities, under this model, are made and completed by politicians, government leaders, the military, and first responders. The reasoning is that they are experts who have the knowledge and resources to tackle the problems related to catastrophes. 5. A Session 4: 1. B: action Deontological ethics are “duty based ethics” so they look at whether the action is wrong or right in itself regardless of the circumstance and outcome 2. A: Utilitarian approach is a “cost-benefit analysis” so it looks to do the most good with the available recourses. 3. False: Habeus corpus is a law that questions the legal right of the government to detain criminals 4. The Right to: a. Water b. Food c. Shelter d. Health 5. D: Report the truth: reporters must seek to find the truth but they are not help accountable for how factually true the report is. Session 5: 1. B: During the immediate aftermath of a disaster, a governor may request the president to send in the U.S. military and use the resources of the Department of Defense to preserve life and property. This emergency assistance is limited to 10 days. 2. False: The federal government must wait for the governor to request assistance from the federal government. 3. False: The states are responsible for the negotiation of regional response plans and thus, often many problems arise because the states are not on the same page with evacuations. 4. C: When requesting major disaster assistance, the governor does not have to activate the national guard, only when declaring an emergency must the national guard be activated. 5. D: Strict liability is more general than any other clause of tort law and harmful consequences is the only necessary qualification

Session 6: 1. True 2. False: Even well to do elderly residents are at a disadvantage when disaster strikes 3. True 4. A: The Social Vulnerability Approach treats residents as a heterogeneous population recognizing the differing needs and vulnerabilities of different groups. Traditional Emergency Management approaches the potential needs of a community in aggregate treating residents as a homogeneous population.

5. Price 6. Quantity 7. C 8. The market price is found when supply equals demand. This is shown by the intersection of the supply curve with the demand curve. Session 7a: 1. C: This answer is one used by biologists and does not specifically apply to the term as used in the study of emergency supply chains. 2. B: in a disaster help is sought from nearby communities and is able to be given 3. A: This is characteristic of a catastrophe 4. A: This is characteristic of a catastrophe 5. B: These allow for the speedy mobilization of many resources whose need can be anticipated following a catastrophe. 6. a: external convergence b: internal convergence Session 7b: 1. The following definition defines what concept? Critical infrastructure

“The assets, systems, and networks, so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, public health, or safety.” 2. D: Defense Industrial Bases have the Department of Defense as the sector specific agency. 3. Pandemics may not have any physical impact on infrastructure. 4. C: Emergency Services 5. False: All 17 CI sectors identified by HSPD-7 are NOT of equal importance and have to be prioritized in restoration efforts. Session 7c: 1. C: Epidemiology is the discipline of public health that investigates the causes and pathways of diseases and injuries, as well as their distribution within a population. 2. Endemic is a disease or health condition that has a long-term presence in a population at a relatively stable level. Epidemic is a disease or health condition that rises above expected levels. Pandemic is an outbreak that affects the entire world, or substantial portions of it. 3. C: Approximately 80% percent of the population must be immune to a disease for the population to exemplify herd immunity. 4. A: Traumatic injury least likely in droughts 5. The two pre-event health states that are likely to increase susceptibility to disease after the event are: a. Nutrition b. Vaccination Session 8: 1. B 2. A. loss of ecosystem services B. loss of land, and C. increased intensity and frequency of climate based natural disasters. 3. c d e a b 4. Mitigative - Adaptive Voluntary - Involuntary Temporary - Permanent Physical danger - Economic danger Administrated - Non-administrated 5. Physiological Psychological Sociocultural

Session 9: 1. False: This is usually not necessary

2. Local public health official 3. False: Flexibility in an organization should occur on the top because if it occurs on the bottom, procedures may be ineffective. 4. C: Strategic planning suggests that everyone on staff be assigned their own tasks, how these tasks are assigned is not mentioned 5. True: One of the major differences between disaster and a catastrophe is that resources may not be available for an extended period of time. Session 10: 1. C: Governmental was never mentioned, the other major recover categories listed were 2. False: the response phase may still continue as the recovery phases begins so there is no clear division between the two 3. C: Recovery I focuses on repairing damaged structures to pre-disaster or better conditions while Recovery II consists of NEW construction projects. 4. Pair the tasks listed below with the responsible state agency: write EM for State Emergency Management Agency, GO for Governor’s Office, and SL for State Legislature: a. EM Overseeing a comprehensive emergency management program b. GO Establish evacuation routes c. EM The direct liaison to FEMA pre- and post-event, often serving as an intermediary between local governments and FEMA following a disaster d. SL Create and pass state budgets that include funding for emergency management programs. e. EM The coordination of state assets following a disaster f. GO Enter into mutual aid agreements with other states 5. Vertical integration represents strong ties between local organizations and those located outside the community while Horizontal integration involves close ties across organizations at the community level. Session 11: 1. Match the organizations on the right with the type of organization on the left B: Established D: Expanding A: Extending C: Emergent 2. False: Government’s approach of centralized decision making can cause problems in disaster and catastrophe situations because not all agencies are governmental

3. “A generic term for the design of ad hoc emergency management teams that coordinate the efforts of more than one agency under a unified command” 4. False: Communication between various response organizations is important since duties overlap and resources are scarce. 5. Personal convergence is the influx of people to areas associated with disaster.

Session 12: 1. FEMA 2. True 3. All Hazards planning assumption concept is that response to all disasters is basically the same while Scenario Based planning uses a specific event to establish a framework for modeling disaster effects. 4. B: CPP is the planning system uses an extensive bottom-up regional focus based on a single scenario. 5. A: IPS is the planning system is best used for terrorism.

Session 13: 1. E 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. True 8. The Black Plague 9. The health sector is slow in decision making because they tend to want to gather more information and make decisions democratically. Emergency managers are able to introduce the health sector to emergency decision making and provide experience that the health sector does not have.

Session 14: 1. Foundation, design and development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning 2. The exercise cycle 3. The student may list any of the following reasons: assessing and validating policies, plans, procedures, training, equipment, assumptions, and interagency agreements; clarifying roles and responsibilities; improving interagency coordination and communications; identifying gaps in resources; measuring performance; and identifying opportunities for improvement. 4. C: According to the Building Block Approach: Seminars