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Essentials of Firefighting (4th Edition) Chapter 12-Fire Hose FF1 Test Review

What is FIRE HOSE?

. type of flexible tube used by firefighters to carry water under pressure from the source of supply to a point where it is discharged

What is a HOSE JACKET?

. a durable covering on fire hose

What are the 5 TYPES OF FIRE HOSE and their descriptions?

HOSE TYPE SI ZES COVER LINING OTHER Booster 3/4” or 1” Rubber Rubber Fabric reinforced 1 or 2 woven Woven-Jacket 1” to 6” Rubber fabric jackets Impregnated Single Jacket 1 1/2” to 5” Polymer Polymer Fabric & Wire (helix) Non-Collapsible Intake 2 1/2” to 6” Rubber Rubber reinforced Fabric & Plastic (helix) Flexible non-collapsible Intake 2 1/2” to 6” Rubber Rubber reinforced

How is the DIAMETER OF A HOSE measured?

. Inner diameter while under pressure

What are the most COMMON LENGTHS OF HOSE?

. 50 and 100 feet, other lengths available

What are SECTIONS?

. lengths of hose

What is INTAKE HOSE?

. hose used to connect a FD pumper or portable pump to a nearby water source

What is SOFT SLEEVE HOSE?

. used to transfer water from a pressurized water source to the pump intake What is HARD SUCTION HOSE?

. used primarily to draft water from an open water source . also used to siphon water from one portable tank to another in a tanker shuttle operation

Why is hard suction hose constructed of REINFORCED MATERIALS?

. to withstand the partial vacuum conditions created when drafting

What NFPA standard covers SPECIFICATIONS FOR FIRE HOSE?

. NFPA 1961

What NFPA standard covers SPECIFICATIONS for FIRE HOSE COUPLINGS and SCREW THREADS?

. NFPA 1963

What types of hose does NFPA 1901 require pumpers to carry?

TYPE OF HOSE SIZE OF HOSE QUANTITY OF HOSE Intake Hose Large 15 feet-soft sleeve or 20 feet-hard suction Supply Hose 2 1/2” or larger 1,200 feet Attack Hose 1 1/2”, 1 3/4”, or 2” 400 feet

What is SUPPLY HOSE?

. hose between the water source and attack pumper that provides large volumes of water

What is ATTACK HOSE?

. hose between attack pumper and the nozzle used to control and extinguish the fire

What is the most important factor to the LIFE OF FIRE HOSE?

. care it gets after a fire, in storage, and on the apparatus

What is the LIFE OF FIRE HOSE dependent on?

. Protection against mechanical injury, heat, mildew and mold, and chemical contacts

What are some MECHANICAL INJURIES of hoses?

. worn places, rips, abrasions on covers, crushed or damaged couplings, and cracked inner linings

How can MECHANICAL DAMAGE be prevented? . avoid laying or pulling hose over rough, sharp edges or objects . use hose ramps or bridges . open and close nozzles, valves, and hydrants slowly to prevent water hammer . change position of bends when reloading . provide chafing blocks to prevent abrasion near pumpers . avoid excessive pump pressure on hoselines

What will THERMAL DAMAGE do to hose?

. char, melt, or weaken the fabric covering and dry the rubber lining . may also occur in drying towers exposed to intense sunlight

How can THERMAL DAMAGE be prevented?

. Protect from exposure to excessive heat or fire when possible . Do not allow hose to remain in heated area after dry . Use moderate temperature for drying . Keep the outside of woven jacket hose dry . Run water through hose that has not been used for some time . Avoid laying fire hose on hot pavement to dry . Prevent exposure to exhaust systems . Use hose bed covers to shield hose from sun . HOSE CAN ALSO BE DAMAGED BY FREEZING TEMPERATURES

What are some ORGANIC DAMAGES that hose is subject to?

. mold and mildew that lead to decay and deterioration

How can ORGANIC DAMAGE be prevented?

. remove all wet woven jacket and replace with dry hose . remove, inspect, sweep, and reload woven jacket hose if it hasn’t been unloaded in 30 days . exercise woven jacket hose . every 30 days and run water through it every 90 days to prevent drying and cracking . some woven jacket is CHEMICALLY TREATED against mold and mildew but is not 100% effective . RUBBER JACKET hose is not subject to mold and mildew

How does CHEMICAL DAMAGE occur to hose?

. exposure to petroleum products, paints, acids, alkalis . chemicals may weaken hose to the point of bursting

How can CHEMICAL DAMAGE be prevented? . scrub hose thoroughly and brush all traces of acids with baking soda and water-baking soda neutralizes acids . remove hose from apparatus periodically and wash with plain water and dry thoroughly . test hose if there is the slightest suspicion of damage . avoid laying hose in gutters or near curbs where vehicles drop oil and battery acids . dispose of hose if exposed to hazardous materials and cannot be decontaminated

How is HARD-RUBBER BOOSTER, HARD SUCTION, and RUBBER-JACKETED HOSE cleaned?

. Rinse with clear water . use mild soap if appearance is important

How is WOVEN-JACKET hose cleaned?

. dust and dirt thoroughly brushed off . if exposed to oil, clean with mild soap or detergent . common scrub brushes and brooms with fire streams is sufficient

What is the most common type of HOSE WASHING MACHINE and how do they work?

. washes almost any size of hose up to 3 inches . movement of water assists in propelling hose through machine

What is a CABINET TYPE HOSE WASHING MACHINE used for?

. washes, rinses, and drains fire hose . designed to be used at the station . operated by one person . used with or without detergents

How is hose DRIED?

. Hard-rubber booster, hard suction, and rubber-collapsible-placed back on apparatus wet . Woven-Jacket must be thoroughly dried before reloading

How is hose STORED?

. hose racks located in clean, well-ventilated rooms close to apparatus room . racks can be freestanding or wall-mounted . mobile hose racks used to store and to move hose to apparatus

What are the different MATERIALS used in fire hose couplings?

. alloys in varied percentages of brass, aluminum, magnesium What are the different TYPES OF COUPLINGS?

. MOST COMMON-threaded and storz . Also available-quarter turn, oilfield rocker lug, and snap (also called Jones Snap)

What is an advantage of BRASS and ALUMINUM ALLOY couplings?

. they will not rust

What are the different types of ways to MAKE COUPLINGS?

. forging, extruding, or casting

What COUPLING TYPES are STRONGEST?

. STRONGEST-drop-forged . MEDIUM STRENGTH-extruded . WEAKEST-cast (rarely used in modern fire service)

What are the two types of THREADED COUPLINGS?

. 3-piece and 5-piece

When are 5-PIECE COUPLINGS used?

. (REDUCING) when coupling size is smaller than the hose to which it is attached

When are 3-PIECE COUPLINGS used?

. so that hoses of different sizes can be connected without adapter fittings . also used for intake hose and equipped with extended lugs

What is a SHANK?

. portion of the coupling that serves as the point of attachment to the hose . also called tailpiece, bowl, or shell

How is the MALE END noted?

. by the lugs on the shank

How is the FEMALE END noted?

. by the lugs on the swivel What do LUGS do?

. aid in tightening and loosening connections

What are SPANNERS?

. a tool to aid in grasping the coupling (lugs) to make and break connections

What type of LUGS are not common and why?

. PIN TYPE- they snag on objects when dragged

What type of LUGS are commonly found on BOOSTER HOSE?

. recessed lugs (shallow holes drilled into coupling)-prevents abrasion

What type of LUGS are used in most modern fire hose?

. rocker lugs (help the coupling slide over objects) . usually 2 or 3 lugs

What is a HIGBEE CUT?

. special type of thread design which the beginning of the thread is cut to provide a positive connection . tends to eliminate cross-threading

What is the HIGBEE INDICATOR?

. mark on each coupling that indicates where the Higbee Cut begins

What are STORZ-TYPE COUPLINGS sometimes referred as?

. sexless couplings

What are the features of a STORZ COUPLING?

. connected and disconnected with a 1/3 turn . locking components are grooved lugs and inset rings built into the swivel

Which COUPLING is exposed when not connected?

. male coupling

What are the rules for caring for COUPLINGS? . avoid dropping or dragging . do not permit vehicles to drive over . examine when washed and dried . remove gasket and twist swivel in warm, soapy water . clean threads to remove tar, gravel, dirt, and oil . replace gasket if cracked or damaged

When will HOSE-WASHING machines not clean couplings?

. when stiff or sluggish from debris . male threads should be cleaned with a suitable brush . wire brush may be necessary if threads are clogged by tar, asphalt, or other debris . swivel should be submerged in warm, soapy water and turned

What are SWIVEL GASKETS used for?

. to make the connection water tight

What is an EXPANSION GASKET used for?

. used at the end of the hose where it is expanded into the coupling

What is the difference between a SWIVEL and EXPANSION GASKET?

. thickness and width

What is a complete HOSE LAYOUT for firefighting purposes?

. one end at a water source and other end attached to a discharge device

What are some HOSE APPLIANCES?

. valves, and valve devices (wyes, siameses, water thieves, LDH appliances, and hydrant valves) and intake devices

What are some HOSE TOOLS?

. hose rollers, spanner wrenches, hose rope tools, hose ramps, hose jackets, blocks, and hose clamps

Define HOSE APPLIANCE.

. any piece of hardware used with fire hose to deliver water

How are BALL VALVES used? . in pumper discharges and gated wyes . open when handle is in line with hose . closed when at a right angle to the hose . also used in fire piping systems

How are GATE VALVES used?

. used to control the flow from a hydrant . baffle moved by a handle and screw arrangement

How are BUTTERFLY VALVES used?

. used on large pump intakes . flat baffle operated by a 1/4 turn handle . baffle in center of waterway when open

How are CLAPPER VALVES used?

. used in siamese appliances . allow only one hose to be attached and charged before the addition of other hoses . clapper is a flat disk hinged on one side and swings in a door-like manner

What do valves do to the NUMBER OF HOSELINES operating at a fireground?

. increase or decrease them

What is a WYE APPLIANCE?

. divide a hoseline into two or more hoselines . MOST COMMON-(1) 2 1/2" inlet and (2) 1 1/2" outlets . Also used to produce 2 1/2" lines from a 2 1/2" or larger line

What is a SIAMESE APPLIANCE?

. use to bring 2 or more hoselines into one hoseline . typically has 2 or 3 inlets and one outlet (male) . used with or without clapper valves . COMMONLY used to overcome friction loss of hose lays over long distances . Also used to supply ladder pipes

What are WATER THIEF APPLIANCES?

. variation of the wye appliance . MOST COMMON- (1) 2 1/2" inlet, (1) 2 1/2" discharge, (2) 1 1/2" discharges . 1/4 turn handles control the valves . intended for 2 1/2" or larger hose near the nozzle

What are LDH APPLIANCES?

. generally have (1) 4 to 5 inch inlet and 2 or more smaller outlets . some contain a discharge same size as inlet

What are HYDRANT VALVES?

. used when hose lay is from hydrant to fire scene (forward lay) . allows original supply line to be connected and charged before the arrival of another pumper at hydrant . pressure is boosted without interrupting the flow of original supply line

What are FITTINGS?

. for connecting hoses of different sizes and thread types

What are ADAPTERS?

. for connecting hose with disimilar threads but with same diameter . MOST COMMON-double male and double female . Used when lay is changed (forward vs reverse)

What is a REDUCER?

. used to extend a larger hoseline by connecting a smaller one to the end . COMMONLY found on pumper discharges so smaller hoselines can hook to pumper . Extending a line with a reducer limits option of adding hoselines if needed, gated wye doesn't

What are ELBOWS?

. fittings that change the direction of flow

What are HOSE CAPS?

. close off MALE couplings

What are HOSE PLUGS?

. close off FEMALE couplings

What are SUCTION HOSE STRAINERS? . intake devices attached to drafting hard suction hose to keep debris out

What is a HOSE ROLLER?

. designed to keep hose off sharp edges . metal frame with 2 or more rollers . aka-hose hoist

What is the most PRACTICAL way to replace a BURST HOSE SECTION?

. shut down water and replace

What is a HOSE JACKET?

. 2-piece metal cylinder that hinges over hose to seal a leaking hose . made in 2 sizes: 2 1/2 and 3 inch . can also be used to connect hose with mismatched or damaged threads

What is a HOSE CLAMP used for?

. to prevent charging the hose bed during hose-lay operations . allow replacement of burst hose sections without shutting off water . allow extension of a hoseline without shutting off water . allow advancement of a hoseline up stairs

What are the 3 types of HOSE CLAMPS?

. screw-down, press down, and hydraulic press

What are some general rules for HOSE CLAMPS?

. apply at least 20 feet behind apparatus . apply approximately 5 feet from coupling on the incoming water side . stand to one side when applying and releasing, NEVER OVER . center hose evenly in jaws to avoid pinching . close and open slowly to prevent water hammer

What is the purpose of a SPANNER WRENCH?

. MOST COMMON-to tighten and loosen couplings . Also, wedge for prying, closing gas utility valves, slot for pulling nails, flat surface for hammering

What are HYDRANT WRENCHES used for? . to remove caps from fire hydrants . handle may be threaded to be adjustable . may be of the ratchet type . may also be equipped with a spanner wrench

What is a RUBBER MALLET used for?

. used to strike extended lugs mainly found on pumper intakes and discharges

What are HOSE BRIDGES used for?

. to prevent injury to hose when vehicles cross it . aka-hose ramps . can be positioned over small spills to keep hose out of damaging liquids . also used as chafing blocks

What are CHAFING BLOCKS?

. wood, leather, or sections of old tires used to protect hose from pumper vibration

What are some tools that aid in CARRYING HOSE?

. hose straps, hose chains, and hose ropes . used to provide a secure means of handling pressurized hose when applying water . also used to secure hose to ladders or other fixed objects

When are STRAIGHT ROLLS used?

. when loaded back on apparatus at fire scene . when returned to quarters for washing . when placed in storage . also used for easy loading of the minuteman load . when hose is damaged, roll female coupling first

When is the DONUT ROLL used?

. where hose is going to be deployed for use from a roll

What are 3 ADVANTAGES of a DONUT ROLL?

. both ends are available on the outside of the roll . may be quickly unrolled . less likely to spiral or kink when unrolling When is the TWIN DONUT ROLL used?

. for 1 1/2" and 1 3/4" hose . used to arrange a compact roll that can be used in special situations such as high-rise operations

When is the SELF-LOCKING TWIN DONUT ROLL used?

. uses the hose to make a carrying strap

What is a HOSE BED?

. the fire hose compartment

What is the front and rear of the HOSE BED?

. front-at front of the apparatus . back-at back of apparatus

How are the bottoms of HOSE BEDS made?

. with open slats to enable air to circulate

What is a HOSE BED divided into 2 or more compartments?

. a split hose bed

What are HOSE BED dividers (separators) usually made of?

. sheet metal

How should hose be stored in a SPLIT HOSE BED?

. hose should be connected in case a long lay is necessary

What are HOSE FINISHES?

. arrangements of hose usually placed on top of the load and connected to the end of the load

What are the 3 most common loads for SUPPLY LINE?

. accordion, horseshoe, and flat loads

What are some general guidelines on LOADING HOSE?

. check gaskets and swivels before loading . keep flat sides of hose in same plane when sections are connected . tighten couplings hand tight . remove wrinkles . place a dutchman (short fold or reverse bend) in hose so that couplings do not have to flip out of bed . load LDH (3 1/2" or larger) with couplings at front of bed . do not pack to tightly

What is an advantage of the ACCORDION LOAD?

. ease of loading . hose for shoulder carries can be easily taken from bed

What is the primary advantage of HORSESHOE LOADS?

. fewer sharp bends in hose

What are some disadvantages of the HORSESHOE LOAD?

. hose sometimes comes out of bed wavy . shoulder carry of folds is not possible . hose can become entangled from folds falling over . hose is loaded on edge and promotes damage to edges

What is a COMBINATION LOAD?

. when one side of a split bed is loaded for a reverse lay and the other for a forward lay

What are the advantages of a FLAT LOAD?

. easiest to load . best for LDH hose . suitable for any size of supply hose . less damage from vibration that when on edge

What are the disadvantages of a FLAT LOAD?

. hose folds contain sharp bends at each end of the bed

How should LDH HOSE be loaded in a flat load?

. started 12-18 inches from front of bed (space reserved for couplings)

What are the 2 purposes of a DUTCHMAN? . change the direction of a coupling . change the location of a coupling

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