2016 Annual Incident Statistics

2016 Annual incident statistics VICTORIAN TRAM OPERATORS Released in March 2017 Published by Transport Safety Victoria Level 15, 121 Exhibition Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Telephone: 1800 223 022

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Authorised by the Victorian Government, Melbourne. 3

Contents 4

Charts

Tables 5

Introduction 1. Executive summary This document provides an overview of tram incident statistics for Victoria up to the end of the calendar year 2016. The performance shown in this document should be considered against a background of increased patronage and tram travel distance. Over the past five years, metropolitan tram patronage has increased by 3.7 per cent over the period between 2012 and 2016, with 181.9 million boardings in 2012 and 187.9 million boardings in 20161. The total travelled kilometres by metropolitan trams has increased by 6.9 per cent between 2012 and 2016, with 24.7 million km in 2012 and 26.4 million km in 2016. Where information is available, trends are typically shown using average numbers over the preceding five years. For example, the five year moving average figure for 2012 is the average of values for the years 2008 to 2012, while the moving average figure for 2013 is the average of values for the years 2009 to 2013. There were 1,558 incidents reported by tram operators to Transport Safety Victoria (TSV) during 2016. Some key points shown by the 2016 tram incident statistics.  No fatalities were reported by tram operators over the past two years.  There were 61 serious injuries reported by tram operators in 2016, 45 of which were tram passengers and 14 of which were members of the public. That is the highest number of serious injuries for a single year since 2008. It represents an increase of 30 per cent compared to the 47 serious injuries in 2015.  There was a decrease in the five year moving average for running line derailments from 32.4 in 2012 to 23 in 2016.  The number of reported collisions between trams has increased from nine in 2015 to 13 in 2016. However, the 2016 figure is in line with those recorded between 2012 and 2014.  The number of reported slips, trips or falls on trams increased to its highest levels since 2007. It increased by 41 per cent compared to 2015.  There was a 13 per cent increase in the number of reported collisions with road vehicles from 854 in 2015 to 962 in 2016.  There was a decrease in the number of reported fires on trams to one in 2016 reverting the trend from 2012 to 2015. TSV is working with KDR Victoria Pty Ltd trading as Yarra Trams (KDR) to investigate the increased incidence of serious injuries being reported. The increase in serious injuries appears to be primarily a result of slips, trips and falls for passengers both on trams and at the platform-tram interface. These incidents and their prevention are addressed monthly in safety meetings between TSV and KDR. KDR is currently examining a range of measures including engineering changes to trams acceleration and braking, revised driver training, driver visual display upgrades and incident hot spot location assessments.

1 Data as reported by KDR Victoria Pty Ltd (Yarra Trams) to Transport Safety Victoria under Regulation 46 of the Rail Safety Local Operations Regulations 2006 (Vic) 6

2. Reporting requirements in Victoria Tram operators and a number of tourist and heritage operators are required to report rail incidents to TSV in accordance with the requirements of the Rail Safety (Local Operations) Act 2006 (Vic) (RSLOA) and Rail Safety (Local Operations) Regulations 2006 (Vic) (RSLOR). TSV uses the data it collects from rail operators to monitor trends and safety risks across the Victorian transport network. It is important to note that tram operators (including metropolitan, regional and tourist and heritage operators) are rail operators under the RSLOA. 3. Changes to information The information contained in this report is the intellectual property of TSV and is year-to-date (YTD) December 2016. It is sourced from its Occurrence Database, which stores data as reported to TSV by rail operators, as at 8 February 2017. The information might be adjusted to reflect new information that comes to light at any time without prior notice. Consequently, minor variations may exist when compared with previous publications. Variations in information from year to year are evident in this report. Improvements in safety are generally expected to occur over time as enhancements are made to systems. Low frequency - high consequence events however, such as those occasionally experienced in the transport industry, and changes to transport demand, such as increasing patronage, can also result in variations in the information. 4. Definitions Railway accident or incident as defined in the RSLOR:  an accident or incident on railway premises that results in o the death of a person o a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital  a running line derailment of any unit of rolling stock  a collision between any rolling stock and any person  a collision between any rolling stock and any other vehicle, infrastructure, obstruction or object which resulted in significant property damage  an implosion, explosion, fire or other occurrence which resulted in significant property damage  a notifiable accident or incident. Notifiable circumstance as defined in the RSLOR means a circumstance, act or omission that resulted, or had the potential to result, in the death or serious injury to any person, or significant damage to property. The definition includes:  any defect in, or failure of, any part of the rail infrastructure  any defect in, or failure of, any rolling stock or part of any rolling stock  any failure or breach of any rail operations practice, procedure or rule  any other circumstance, act or omission that the Safety Director has specified under regulation 42(2) to be a notifiable circumstance. TSV uses the Guideline for the Top Event Classification of Notifiable Occurrences as a resource when classifying rail incidents (Occurrence Classification-Guideline One (OC-G1)). 7

4.1. Serious injury Defined in the RSLOR as “a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital”. 4.2. Person type  A passenger is a person travelling or intending to travel.  A public is any other person affected by a railway occurrence.  A trespasser is a person on railway premises who, whether intentionally or negligently, is in a place they have no right or authority to be or for the purpose of carrying out unauthorised activities. 4.3. Collision When a tram strikes another tram, obstruction, person or other object or is struck by another object. 4.4. Derailment When one or more tram wheels leave the rail or track during railway operations. 4.5. Suspected suicide or attempted suicide  Suspected suicide is any suspected suicide that takes place in or from railway property.  Attempted suicide refers to any person who unsuccessfully attempts to take their own life on railway property. 4.6. Broken rail  A fracture of the rail in a running line including a broken joint or weld, or detachment of a piece from the rail which necessitates an immediate stoppage of traffic or the immediate imposition of a speed restriction lower than that currently in force. 8

5. Descriptive statistics 6. Tram - Occurrences with injuries This section provides data about rail occurrences that involved injuries. 6.1. Fatalities by person type This section provides information about fatalities that occurred from 2012 to 2016. The data excludes suspected suicides and natural causes. Chart 1 shows the number of fatalities by person type (members of the public and trespasser) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 1. The total number of fatalities was 1 in 2012, 3 in 2013 and 1 in 2014. The five year moving average increased from 0.8 in 2012 to 1 in 2016. Public fatalities were 1 in 2012 and 3 in 2013. Trespasser fatality was 1 in 2014. Chart 1 - Fatalities by person type

Count 2 Public Trespasser 1 Moving average 5 years

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 1 - Fatalities by person type Person type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Public 1 3 0 0 0 Trespasser 0 0 1 0 0 Total 1 3 1 0 0 9

6.2. Fatalities by occurrence type Table 2 shows the number of fatalities by occurrence type (collision) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016. Fatalities resulting from collision were 1 in 2012, 3 in 2013 and 1 in 2014. Table 2 - Fatalities by occurrence type Occurrence type Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Collision Person 1 2 1 0 0 Collision Road vehicle 0 1 0 0 0 Total 1 3 1 0 0 10

6.3. Serious injuries by person type This section provides information about serious injuries that occurred from 2012 to 2016. The data excludes attempted suicides and natural causes. Chart 2 shows the number of serious injuries by person type (employee, member of the public, passenger and trespasser) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 3. The total number of serious injuries was 15 in 2012, 31 in 2013, 31 in 2014, 47 in 2015 and 61 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 21.6 in 2012 to 37 in 2016. Employee serious injuries were 1 in 2012 and 2 in 2016. Passenger serious injuries were 9 in 2012, 20 in 2013, 21 in 2014, 17 in 2015 and 45 in 2016. Public serious injuries were 4 in 2012, 11 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 30 in 2015 and 14 in 2016. Trespasser serious injury was 1 in 2012. Chart 2 - Serious injuries by person type

70 60 50 Employee 40 Count Trespasser 30 Public 20 Passenger 10 0 Moving average 5 years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 3 - Serious injuries by person type Person type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Employee 1 0 0 0 2 Passenger 9 20 21 17 45 Public 4 11 10 30 14 Trespasser 1 0 0 0 0 Total 15 31 31 47 61 11

6.4. Serious injuries by occurrence type Table 4 shows the number of serious injuries by occurrence type (collision, derailment, level crossing occurrence and slip, trip or fall) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016. Serious injuries resulting from collision were 5 in 2012, 14 in 2013, 13 in 2014, 28 in 2015 and 15 in 2016. Serious injury resulting from derailment was 1 in 2015. Serious injury resulting from level crossing occurrence was 1 in 2015. Serious injury resulting from safeworking irregularity/breach was 1 in 2016. Serious injuries resulting from slip, trip or fall were 10 in 2012, 17 in 2013, 18 in 2014, 17 in 2015 and 45 in 2016. Table 4 - Serious injuries by occurrence type Occurrence type Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Collision Infrastructure 0 0 1 0 0 Collision Person 2 4 6 8 7 Collision Road vehicle 3 10 6 20 8 Derailment Running line derailment 0 0 0 1 0 Level crossing occurrence Collision with person- 0 0 0 1 0 active warning devices Safeworking System failure 0 0 0 0 1 irregularity/breach Slip, trip or fall On tram 7 15 16 13 32 Slip, Trip or Fall On/from stairs/ramp 1 0 0 0 0 Slip, Trip or Fall To/from tram 2 2 2 4 13 Total 15 31 31 47 61 6.5. Serious injuries details Table 5 lists the fatalities during 2016. Table 5 - Serious injuries details Date Person Occurrence and Category Locality Count type Type 05/01/2016 Employee Safeworking irregularity/breach Preston 1 - system failure 17/01/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Richmond 1 14/02/2016 Employee Slip, trip or fall - on tram Richmond 1 16/02/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Fitzroy North 1 17/02/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Fitzroy North 1 26/02/2016 Public Collision - person St. Kilda 1 27/02/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 1 10/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Richmond 1 11/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Brunswick 1 16/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 21/03/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 1 26/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram South Melbourne 1 31/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 1 12

Date Person Occurrence and Category Locality Count type Type 31/03/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 1 07/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Toorak 1 11/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 1 12/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 1 13/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 1 30/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram East Melbourne 1 01/05/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Maribyrnong 1 09/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 09/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Albert Park 1 11/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Prahran 1 11/05/2016 Public Collision - person North Melbourne 1 15/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Box Hill 1 16/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Collingwood 1 18/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Fitzroy 2 20/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Prahran 1 21/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram East Melbourne 1 28/06/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Elwood 1 05/07/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Camberwell 1 13/07/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 1 07/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 09/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Preston 1 12/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 19/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 22/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Camberwell 1 22/08/2016 Public Collision - person East Melbourne 1 27/08/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 1 09/09/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 13/09/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Glenhuntly 1 02/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Southbank 1 03/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick West 1 12/10/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 2 14/10/2016 Passenger Collision - road vehicle Ascot Vale 1 19/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 1 19/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 29/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram East Melbourne 1 04/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Southbank 1 07/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram St. Kilda 1 09/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Coburg North 1 16/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram South Melbourne 1 24/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 1 05/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 1 15/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Malvern 1 17/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Ascot Vale 1 22/12/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 1 22/12/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 1 25/12/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 1 13

7. Tram - Occurrences 7.1. Running line derailment This section provides information about running line derailments that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 3 shows the number of running line derailments that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 6. The total number of running line derailments was 24 in 2012, 20 in 2013, 20 in 2014, 27 in 2015 and 24 in 2016. The five year moving average decreased from 32.4 in 2012 to 23 in 2016. Chart 3 - Running line derailment

Count 20 Running line derailment 10 Moving average 5 years

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 6 - Running line derailment Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Running line derailment 24 20 20 27 24 Total 24 20 20 27 24 14

7.2. Collision between trams This section provides information about collisions between trams that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 4 shows the number of collisions between trams that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 7. The total number of collisions between trams was 15 in 2012, 16 in 2013, 14 in 2014, 9 in 2015 and 13 in 2016. The five year moving average decreased from 21.8 in 2012 to 13.4 in 2016. Chart 4 - Collision between trams

25 20 15 Count Tram 10 Moving average 5 years 5 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 7 - Collision between trams Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tram 15 16 14 9 13 Total 15 16 14 9 13 15

7.3. Collision with person This section provides information about collisions with person that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 5 shows the number of collisions with person that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 8. The total number of collisions with person was 37 in 2012, 28 in 2013, 35 in 2014, 36 in 2015 and 44 in 2016. The five year moving average decreased from 38.8 in 2012 to 36 in 2016. Chart 5 - Collision with person

50 40 30 Count Person 20 Moving average 5 years 10 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 8 - Collision with person Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Person 37 28 35 36 44 Total 37 28 35 36 44 16

7.4. Collision with infrastructure This section provides information about collisions with infrastructure that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 6 shows the number of collisions with infrastructure that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 9. The total number of collisions with infrastructure was 4 in 2012, 4 in 2013, 5 in 2014, 11 in 2015 and 9 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 6.2 in 2012 to 6.6 in 2016. Chart 6 - Collision with infrastructure

12 10 8

Count 6 Infrastructure 4 Moving average 5 years 2 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 9 - Collision with infrastructure Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Infrastructure 4 4 5 11 9 Total 4 4 5 11 9 17

7.5. Collision with road vehicle This section provides information about collisions with road vehicle that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 7 shows the number of collisions with road vehicle that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 10. The total number of collisions with road vehicle was 877 in 2012, 834 in 2013, 818 in 2014, 854 in 2015 and 962 in 2016. The five year moving average decreased from 897.8 in 2012 to 869 in 2016. Chart 7 - Collision with road vehicle

1,000 800 600 Count Road vehicle 400 Moving average 5 years 200 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 10 - Collision with road vehicle Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Road vehicle 877 834 818 854 962 Total 877 834 818 854 962 18

7.6. Slip, trip or fall on tram This section provides information about slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 8 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 11. The total number of slips, trips or falls on tram was 157 in 2012, 188 in 2013, 180 in 2014, 202 in 2015 and 285 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 168.8 in 2012 to 202.4 in 2016. Chart 8 - Slip, trip or fall on tram

300 250 200

Count 150 On tram 100 Moving average 5 years 50 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 11 - Slip, trip or fall on tram Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 On tram 157 188 180 202 285 Total 157 188 180 202 285 19

7.7. Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface This section provides information about slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 9 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface by category type (caught in tram doors, on/from stairs/ramp, to/from tram) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 12. The total number of slips, trips or falls classified as between platform and tram, caught in tram doors, on/from stairs/ramp and to/from tram was 11 in 2012, 10 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 31 in 2015 and 60 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 9.8 in 2012 to 24.4 in 2016. Slips, trips or falls classified as caught in tram doors were 1 in 2013, 7 in 2015 and 17 in 2016. Slips, trips or falls classified as on/from stairs/ramp were 2 in 2012. Slips, trips or falls classified as to/from tram were 9 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 24 in 2015 and 43 in 2016. Chart 9 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface

70 60 50 40 Caught in tram doors Count 30 On/from stairs/ramp 20 To/from tram 10 Moving average 5 years 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 12 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Caught in tram doors 0 1 0 7 17 On/from stairs/ramp 2 0 0 0 0 To/from tram 9 9 10 24 43 Total 11 10 10 31 60 20

7.8. Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail This section provides information about track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 10 shows the number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 13. The total number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail was 1 in 2012, 1 in 2013, 2 in 2014, 1 in 2015 and 2 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 0.8 in 2012 to 1.4 in 2016. Chart 10 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail

Count Broken Rail 1 Moving average 5 years

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 13 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Broken Rail 1 1 2 1 2 Total 1 1 2 1 2 21

7.9. Fire on tram This section provides information about fires on tram that occurred from 2012 to 2016. Chart 11 shows the number of fires on tram that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 14. The total number of fires on tram was 2 in 2012, 4 in 2013, 7 in 2014, 2 in 2015 and 1 in 2016. The five year moving average increased from 1.6 in 2012 to 3.2 in 2016. Chart 11 - Fire on tram

Count 4 On tram 2 Moving average 5 years

0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Table 14 - Fire on tram Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 On tram 2 4 7 2 1 Total 2 4 7 2 1