OSU / Autumn 2007 International Studies 501 Two Koreas: Political Economy of Regional Rivalry

Hours/Location: T R 3:30 - 5:18 / Jennings Hall 040 Instructor: Young-Bae HWANG, Ph. D. Office/Email: [email protected] Office Hours: T R 2:30 - 3:15 (& by appointment)

Course Objective:

The main objective of this course is to provide students with the introductory understanding on the Korean peninsula. While we look at various theoretical explanations, this course will focus on the nature of North and South Korean regional rivalry and its global impacts. We will examine various security issues including North Korean nuclear threat, military alliances, and reunification prospects. In addition, we will discuss several economic issues such as the differential growth paths and recent economic and financial woes in both Koreas.

Course Schedule & Topics:

Week Lecture & Discussion Topics Part I. The Korean Peninsula: An Introduction 1 Course Introduction / Facts on Two Koreas 1-2 Geopolitical Perspective on the Korean Peninsula 3 South Korea at a Glance: Politics, Economics, & Society 4 North Korea at a Glance: Politics, Economics, & Society 5 Legacies of Korean War & Cold War Part II. Security Problems In the Korean Peninsula 6 Security Problem I: Regional Rivalry & Its Global Impacts 6 Security Problem II: North Korean Nuclear & Missile Threat 1 6 Security Problem III: North Korean Nuclear & Missile Threat 2 7 Security Problem IV: Alliance Politics - Cost of Entrapment & Fear of Abandonment 7 Security Problem V: Reunification Strategy 1 - German Lessons 7 Security Problem VI: Reunification Strategy 2 - Containment or Engagement? Part III. Developmental Problems In the Korean Peninsula 8 Developmental Problem I: Paths of Economic Development - Market vs. Government 8 Developmental Problem II: Export Oriented vs. Import Substitution 8 Developmental Problem III: Recent Economic & Financial Crisis 9 Developmental Problem IV: Political Economy of Rent-Seeking & Corruption 9 Developmental Problem V: Growth & Equity - "Chaebol" Problem 9 Developmental Problem VI: Costs of Reunification 10 Paper Presentation I 10 Paper Presentation II

Course Requirements & Grading Scheme:

This course has five requirements. First, although the format of the class is not a seminar, students are expected to participate actively during the class discussion. Questions during lectures will be highly 2 encouraged as well. Second, students are required to write a research design (or proposal, 5-10 double- spaced pages). It should address some issues of direct relevance to this class and it is encouraged to submit a rough draft before the due date, so it can be revised and resubmitted. Presentation (5-10 minutes) should include the main ideas and the relevant examples of the issue. Third, a final paper based on your research design is required. In addition to these paper-related requirements, a mid-term and a final exam will be administered. The proportions of these requirements to the final grade are as follows:

Attendance & Participation 15%

Research Design & Presentation 15%

Term Paper 30%

Mid-term Exam 20%

Final Exam 20%

 Required Course Readings: There is no single source of reading materials for this class. All of the required and some of the recommended materials will be available at OSU CARMEN website (carmen.osu.edu) as PDF files.

Academic Misconduct

It is the responsibility of the Committee on Academic Misconduct to investigate or establish procedures for the investigation of all reported cases of student academic misconduct. The term “academic misconduct” includes all forms of student academic misconduct wherever committed; illustrated by, but not limited to, cases of plagiarism and dishonest practices in connection with examinations. Instructors shall report all instances of alleged academic misconduct to the committee (Faculty Rule 3335-5-487). For additional information, see the Code of Student Conduct (http://studentaffairs.osu.edu/info_for_students/csc.asp).

Disability Services

Students with disabilities that have been certified by the Office for Disability Services will be appropriately accommodated, and should inform the instructor as soon as possible of their needs. The Office for Disability Services is located in 150 Pomerene Hall, 1760 Neil Avenue; telephone 292-3307, TDD 292- 0901; http://www.ods.ohio-state.edu/.

Course Readings: Required(**) & Recommended(*)

Part I. The Korean Peninsula: An Introduction

Week 1 Course Introduction / Facts on Two Koreas ** this syllabus

Week 1 Geopolitical Perspective on the Korean Peninsula ** Robert A. Sclalapino (1998) "The Challenges Ahead" in Tong Whan Park, ed., The U.S. and The Two Koreas: A New Triangle (Boluder, CO: Lynne Rinner) pp.15-24. ** Alpo M. Rusi (1997) "Introduction" in Dangerous Peace: New Rivalry in World Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.1-18. * Saul B. Cohen (1999) "Geopolitics in the New World Era: A New Perspective on an Old Discipline" in George J. Demko and William B. Wood, eds., Reordering the World: Geopolitical Perspectives on the 21 st Century (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.40-68. * Zbigniew Brzezinski (1997) "A Geostrategy for Eurasia" Foreign Affairs 76(5): 50-64. * Peter J. Taylor (1993) "Geopolitics Revived" in Political Geography: World-Economy, Nation-State and Locality (New York: John Wiley & Sons) pp.49-102. * Paul F. Diehl (1992) "Geography and War: A Review and Assessment of the Emprical Literature" in Michael Don Ward, ed., The New Geopolitics (Philadelphia, PA: Gordon & Breach) pp.121-137.

Week 2 South Korea at a Glance: Politics, Economics, & Society ** Chi-Won Kang (1998) "The Fifty Years of the Political Vortex" Korea and World Affairs 22(4):501-521. 3 * John Kie-chiang Oh (1999) Korean Politics: The Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press). * Donald Stone Macdonald and Donald N. Clark (1996) The Koreans: Contemporary Politics and Society (Boulder, CO: Westview). * Hyung-Koo Lee (1996) The Korean Economy: Perspectives for the Twenty-First Century (Albany, NY: State University of New York). * Byung-Nak Song (1997) "The Historical Roots of Modern Growth" & "East Asian Culture and the New Confician Ethic" in The Rise of the Korean Economy (New York: Oxford University Press) pp.29-53.

Week 2 North Korea at a Glance: Politics, Economics, & Society ** Robert A. Scalapino (1997) North Korea at a Crossroads (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University). * Adrian Buzo (1999) " A Matter of Survival, The 1990s" in The Guerilla Dynasty: Politics and Leadership in North Korea (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.204-232. * Vasily Mikheev (1996) "Politics and Ideology in the Post Cold War Era" in Han S. Park, ed., North Korea: Ideology, Politics, Economy (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall) pp.87-104. * Eui-Gak Hwang (1997) "North and South Korean Economies Compared" in Dae Hwan Kim and Tat Yang Kong, eds., The Korean Peninsula In Transition (New York: St. Martin's) pp.63-87.

Week 3 Legacies of Korean War & Cold War ** Phil Williams, Henry L. Andrews, Jr., and Peter D. Duerst (1994) "Reaping What Was Sowed: Effects of the Korean War" in Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein and Henry L. Andrews, Jr., eds., Security in Korea: War, Stalemate, and Negotiation (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.127-148. * Hyung-Kook Kim (1995) "Contending Theories of the Korean War" in The Division of Korea and the Alliance Making Process: Internationalization of Internal Conflict and Internalization of International Struggle, 1945-1948 (Lanham, MD: University Press of America) pp.1-85. * Thomas Allen (1994) "No Winners, Many Losers: The End of Korean War" in Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Henry L. Andrews, Jr. eds., Security in Korea: War, Stalemate, and Negotiation (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.101-124. * Bruce Cummings (1990) "Conclusions: Liberation Denied" in The Origins of the Korean War: The Roaring of the Cataract, 1947-1950 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University) pp.428-444.

Part II. Security Problems In the Korean Peninsula

Week 3 Security Problem I: Regional Rivalry & Its Global Impacts ** Barry K. Gills (1996) "International Order, Development and the Adaptability of States" in Korea versus Korea: A Case of Contested Legitimacy (New York: Routledge) pp.1-19. ** Chung-in Moon (1996) "Global Dimensions and Interventions" in Arms Control on the Korean Peninsula: Domestic Perceptions, Regional Dynamics, International Penetrations (Seoul, Korea: Yonsei University Press) pp.117-149. * Richard L. Armitage (1996) New Discourses on a Peace Regime in Northeast Asia and Korea: Contending Views and New Alternatives (International forum proceedings, November 22-23, Seoul Korea: The Research Institute for International Affairs) pp.1-16. * Alpo M. Rusi (1997) Dangerous Peace: New Rivalry in World Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview) pp.35-72. * Michael D. McGinniss (1990) "A Rational Model of Regional Rivalry" International Studies Quarterly 34:111-135. * Weiqun Gu (1995) "Actual and Potential Military Conflict Between the DPRK and the ROK" in Conflicts of Divided Nations: The Cases of China and Korea (Westport, CT: Praeger) pp.135-147. * William R. Thompson (1995) "Principal Rivalries" in Journal of Conflict Resolution 39:195-223.

Week 4 Security Problem II: North Korean Nuclear & Missile Threat 1 ** Ashton B. Carter and William J. Perry (1999) "Standing at the Brink in North Korea: The Counterproliferation Imperative" in Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press) pp.123-142. ** Robert L. Gallucci (1998) "US Nonproliferation Policy: Lessons Learned from Our Experience with Iraq and North Korea" in Barry R. Schneider and William L. Dowdy, eds., Pulling Back from the Nuclear Brink: Reducing and Countering Nuclear Threats (Portland, OR: Frank Cass) pp.3-15. * Victor Gilinsky (1997) Nuclear Blackmail: The 1994 U.S.-Democratic People's Republic of Korea Agreed Framework on North Korea's Nuclear Program (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University). 4 * Anthony Lake (1994) "Confronting Backlash States" Foreign Affairs 73(2):45-55. * Patrick M. Morgan (1998) " The U.S. Extended Deterrence in East Asia" in Tong Whan Park, ed., The U.S. and the Two Koreas: A New Triangle (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner) pp.43-73. * Office of the Secretary of Defense (1996) Proliferation: Threat and Response (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).

Week 4 Security Problem III: North Korean Nuclear & Missile Threat 2 ** Leon V. Sigal (1998) "Why Won't America Cooperate?" in Disarming Strangers: Nuclear Diplomacy with North Korea (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) pp.244-254. ** Chung-In Moon (1997) "The North Korean Problem and the Role of South Korea" in Thomas H. Henriksen and Jongryn Mo, eds., North Korea After Kim Il Sung: Continuity or Change? (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution) pp.93-107. * Aidan Foster-Carter (1998) "North Korea: All Roads Lead to Collapse - All The More Reason to Engage Pyongyang" in Marcus Noland, ed., Economic Integration of the Korean Peninsula (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics) pp.27-38. * Bon-Hak Koo (1998) "A Northeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone: A Korean Perspective" in Ramesh Thakur, ed., Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones (Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University) pp.123-139. * Marcus Noland (1998) "The External Economic Relations of the DPRK and Prospects for Reform" in Samuel S. Kim, ed., North Korean Foreign Relations in the Post-Cold War Era (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press) pp.187-211. * Suk Jung Lee (1997) "Regional Stability and Korean Arms Control" in Ending the last Cold War: Korean Arms Control and Security in Northeast Asia (Brookfield, VT: Ashgate) pp.167-202. * Young-Bae Hwang & Jacek Kugler (1997) "The Likelihood of Major War in East Asia and Transition on the Korean Peninsula" Asian Perspective 21:41-62.

Week 5 Security Problem IV: Alliance Politics- Cost of Entrapment & Fear of Abandonment ** Doug Bandow (1996)"The Costs of Commitment" in Tripwire: Korea and U.S. Foreign Policy in a Changed World (Washington, DC: CATO Institute) pp.33-55. * Victor D. Cha (1999) "Conclusion: Quasi Allies or Adversaries in the Post-Cold war Era?" in Alignment Despite Antagonism: The United States-Korea-Japan Security Triangle (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press) pp.199-232. * David Kang (1998) "North Korea's Military and Security Policy" in Samuel S. Kim, ed., North Korean Foreign Relations in the Post-Cold War Era (New York: the Center for Korean Research, East Asian Institute, Columbia University) pp.165-186. * David Reese (1998) "Regional Interests" in The Prospects for North Korea's Survival (New York: the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Oxford University Press) pp.69-79. * In K. Hwang (1987)"The Rationale of Korean Reunification via Permanent Neutrality" in One Korea via Permanent Neutrality: Peaceful Management of Korean Unification (Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Books) pp.45-80. * Stephen M. Walt (1987) "Explaining Alliance Formation" in The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University) Ch. 2. * James D. Morrow (1991) "Alliances and Asymmetry: An Alternative to the Capability- Aggregation Model of Alliances" American Journal of Political Science 35:904-933. * Todd J. Christensen and Jack Snyder (1990) "Chain Gangs and Passed Buck: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity" International Organization 44:137-168.

Week 5 Security Problem V: Reunification Strategy 1 - German Lessons ** Hak-Joon Kim (1996) "German Unification and Its implications for the Korean Peninsula" in Ku- Hyun Jung, et.al., German Unification and Its Lessons for Korea (Seoul, Korea: Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University) pp.73-89. * Diane D. Pikcunas (1993) "The Process of German Unification" in Nations at the Crossroads: Unification Policies for Germany, Korea and China (McLean, VA: Council for Social and Economics Studies) pp.1-19. * Hans Maretzki (1997) "An East German Contemplation on Problems of Reunification in Korea" in Werner Pfennig, ed., United We Stand, Divided We Are: Comparative Views on Germany and Korea in the 1990s (Hamburg, Germany: Abera Academic Press) pp.317-338. * Michael Haas (1989) "The Functionalist Approach to Korean Reunification" in Korean Reunification: Alternative Pathways (New York: Praeger) pp.35-52. * Gustav A. Horn, Reinhard Pohl and Dieter Vesper (1996) "Two Scenarios of Integration" in Heiner Flassbeck and Gustav A. Horn Aldershot, eds., German Unification, An Example for Korea? (Brookfield, VT: Dartmouth Pub.) pp.319-356. 5 Week 6 Security Problem VI: Reunification Strategy 2 - Containment or Engagement? ** C. Kenneth Quinones (1998) "North Korea: From Containment to Engagement" in Dae- Sook Suh and Chae-Jin Lee, eds., North Korea After Kim Il Sung (Boluder, CO: Lynne Rienner) pp.101-119. ** Soon-Young Hong (1999) "Thawing Korea's Cold War: The Path to Peace on the Korean Peninsula" Foreign Affairs 78(No. 2): 8-12. * Amos A. Jordan (1993) "Korean Unification: The Stakes for Japan and the United States" in Korean Unification: Implications for Northeast Asia (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies) pp.1-16. * Young C. Kim (1993) " Korean Reunification: Selected Scenarios" in Korean Peninsula Issues and US-Japan-South Korea Relations (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies) pp.59-68. * Mark J. Valencia (1997) "Engaging the DPRK Economically" in Young Whan Kihl and Peter Hayes, eds., Peace and Security in Northeast Asia: The Nuclear Issue and the Korean Peninsula (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe) pp.65-77. * Ministry of Unification, The Republic of Korea (1999) Kim Dae-jung's policies on North Korea : achievements and future goals (Seoul: Ministry of Unification). * Ministry of Unification, The Republic of Korea (1996) "The Unification Policy of North Korea" in Peace and Cooperation: White Paper on Korean Unification (Seoul: Ministry of Unification) pp.67- 79. * Roy Richard Grinker (1998)" Nation, State, and the Idea of Unification: Speaking of the Unspeakable" in Korea and its Futures: Unification and the Unfinished War (New York: St. Martin's Press) pp.19-48.

Part III. Developmental Problems In the Korean Peninsula

Week 7 Developmental Problem I: Paths of Economic Development - Markets vs. Gov't ** Sung Gul Hong (1997) "Theoretical Debates on the East Asian Miracle: An Analytical Review of Literature" in The Political Economy of Industrial Policy in East Asia: the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan and South Korea (Northampton, MA: E. Elgar) pp.14-42. * Stephan Haggard (1990) "The Neoclassical and Dependency Perspective" in Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca NY: Cornell University) pp.9-22. * Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi (1997) "Modernization: Theories and Facts" in World Politics 49:155-183. * Mitchell Bernard and John Ravenhill (1995) "Beyond Product Cycles and Flying Geese: Regionalization, Hierarchy, and Industrialization of East Asia" in World Politics 47:171-209. * Linda Weiss (1998)"Transformative Capacity in Evolution: East Asian Developmental States" in The Myth of the Powerless State (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press) pp. 41-82. * Sung Moon Pae (1992 ) "The Korean Model of Economic Development in Korea: Leading Developing Nation - Economy, Democracy and Welfare (Lanham, MD: University Press of America) pp.67-128. * Shenying Shen (1996) "Politics and Strategies for Economic Development" in Han S. Park, ed., North Korea: Ideology, Politics, Economy (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall) pp.123-140.

Week 7 Developmental Problem II: Export Oriented vs. Import Substitution ** Colin I. Bradford, Jr. (1990) "Policy Interventions and Markets: Development Strategy, Typologies and Policy Options" in Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University) pp. 32-51. * Marina Ye Trigubenko (1996) "Economic Characteristics and Prospect for Development: With Emphasis on Agriculture" in Han S. Park, ed., North Korea: Ideology, Politics, Economy (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall) pp.141-159. * Martha Liebler Gibson and Michael D. Ward (1992) "Export Orientation: Pathway or Artifact?" International Studies Quarterly 36:331-344. * Stephan Haggard (1990) "Korea: From Import Substitution to Export-Led Growth" in Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca NY: Cornell University) pp.51-75. * Choong Yong Ahan and Joo-Hoon Kim (1997) "The Outward-Looking Trade Policy and the Industrial Development of South Korea" in Dong-Se Cha, Kwang Suk Kim, Dwight H. Perkins, eds., The Korean Economy 1945-1995: Performance and Vision for the 21st Century (Seoul, Korea: Korean Development Institute) pp.339-382. 6 * Robert Castley (1997)"Markets and Trade" in Korea's Economic Miracle: the Crucial Role of Japan (New York: St. Martin's Press) pp.167-192.

Week 8 Developmental Problem III: Recent Economic & Financial Crisis ** Paul Krugman (1999) "All Fall Down: Asia's Crash" in The Return of Depression Economics (New York: W. W. Norton) pp.83-101. * Paul Krugman (1994) "The Myth of Asia's Miracle" Foreign Affairs 73(6):62-78. * George Soros (1998) "The Global Financial Crisis" in The Crisis of Global Capitalism: Open Society Endangered (New York: BBS / Public Affairs) pp.135-152. * John Kie-chiang Oh (1999) Korean Politics: the Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) pp.220-226. * "Cause and Effect" Far Eastern Economic Review, July 1, 1999. * "World's Markets, None of Them an Island" New York Times Feb. 17th 1999. * Hong-Tack Chun (1997) "Economic Conditions in North Korea and Prospects for Reform" in Thomas Henriksen and Jongryn Mo, eds., North Korea After Kim Il Sung: Continuity or Change (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution) pp.32-49. * Paul Krugman (1994) "Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession" Foreign Affairs 73 (2):28-45.

Week 8 Developmental Problem IV: Political Economy of Rent-Seeking & Corruption ** Robert D. Tollison (1997) "Rent seeking" in Perspectives on Public Choice: A Handbook Dennis C. Mueller, ed., (New York: Cambridge University Press) pp.506-525. * Anne O. Krueger (1974) "The Political Economy of Rent-seeking Society" American Economic Review 64: 291-303. * John Kie-chiang Oh (1999) Korean Politics: the Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) pp.165-169. * Glenn R. Parker (1996) "Legislators, Interest Groups, and Rent Seeking" in Congress and the Rent Seeking Society (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan) pp.11-35. * Larry J. Sabato and Glenn R. Simpson (1996) Dirty Little Secrets: The Persistence of Corruption in American Politics (New York: Random House) pp.3-28. * Robert Klitgaard (1988) Controlling Corruption (Berkeley, CA: University of California) pp.1-12. * Richrad H. Mitchell (1996) Political Bribery in Japan (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii).

Week 9 Developmental Problem V: Growth & Equity - "Chaebol" Problem ** Dae Hwan Kim (1997) "Economic Concentration and Disparities: The Political Economy of Class, Religion and the Chaebol" in Dae Hwan Kim and Tat Yang Kong, eds., The Korean Peninsula In Transition (New York: St. Martin's) pp.36-62. * Byung-Nak Song (1997) "Foreign Trade and the Incentive System" in The Rise of the Korean Economy (New York : Oxford University Press) pp.82-102. * "The Chaebol Economy" (http://www.megastories.com/seasia/skorea/chaebol). * "Battle of Wills" Far Eastern Economic Review August 26th 1999. * John Kie-chiang Oh (1999) Korean Politics: the Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) pp.51-59/210-214.

Week 9 Developmental Problem VI: Cost of Reunification ** Ku-Hyun Jung and Kap-Young Jeong (1996) "Unification Cost versus Division Cost: Which Is Bigger" in Ku-Hyun Jung, et.al., German Unification and Its Lessons for Korea (Seoul, Korea: Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University) pp.187-206. * Jongryn Mo (1994) "German Lessons for Managing the Economic Cost of Korean Reunification" in One Korea ?: Challenges and Prospects for Reunification (Stanford, CA: The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford university) pp.48-67. * Marcus Noland, Sherman Robinson, and Ligang Liu (1998) "Calibrating the Costs (and Benefits) of Unification" in Marcus Noland, ed., Economic Integration of the Korean Peninsula (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics) pp.191-199. * Thomas Lange and Geoffrey Pugh (1998) "'Conclusion" in The Economics of German Unification: An Introduction (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar) pp.180-191. * Hyung-Koo Lee (1996) "The Economic Policy of a Unified Korea" in The Korean Economy: Perspectives for the Twenty-First Century (Albany, NY: State University of New York) pp.139-148.