E A S T T E X A S B A P T I S T U N I V E R S I T Y
SYLLABUS FOR THE SCHOOL OF CHRISTIAN STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION JOHN L. HARRIS, PH.D. RLGN 1320.01 (FALL 2016, SCRB 207, MWF, 9:00-9:50 AM)
INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
I. COURSE DESCRIPTION: an introduction to the background, history, literature, and religion of the Hebrew people as revealed in the Old Testament and related literature. Special consideration will be given to the theological message of the Old Testament text.
II. COURSE TEXTBOOKS:
Bible (translation of your choice) Tullock, John H. The Old Testament Story. 9th ed. Revised by Mark McEntire. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2012. ISBN-10: 0-205-09783-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-09783-8
III. INTEGRATING FAITH AND LEARNING:
The text of the Bible is the foundational document of the Christian faith; therefore, knowledge of and commitment to genuine Christian faith require a thorough encounter with the biblical text. This encounter involves recognition of the roles of both faith commitments and of thoughtful reflection. The Bible contains summonses to faith: “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might” (Deut. 6:5, NRSV); “Believe in God, believe also in me” (John 14:1, NRSV). The Bible also presents the reader with invitations to reasoned discourse: “Come now, let us argue it out, says the LORD” (Isa. 1:18, NRSV); “Always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you” (1 Pet. 3:15, NRSV).
Faith and learning must begin with God and what we know about the universe from Christian doctrine. Thus, we can factor into the learning process certain basic tenets:
1. God is eternal. Though personal, he is an infinite, all-powerful, and perfect spiritual being, beyond the capacity of any human’s total comprehension. 2. God is the creator of an orderly, patterned natural universe, in which God continues to be active. 3. All things, animate and inanimate, were made to please and glorify him.
4. Humans are the highest level of creation because they are made in God’s image. As such, they have distinctive, God-like capacities. Among them are self- consciousness (identity), a sense of morality, a desire for ultimate truth, and a longing for intimacy. 5. Humans are the trustees of the earth but are flawed by an inherent imperfection called sin. This flaw manifests itself in rebellion, pride, self-interest, and conflict. 6. Despite human imperfection, God desires a personal relationship with each human being. This relationship is made possible by the work of his son, Jesus, who atoned for the imperfections of humankind by his death and resurrection. 7. Jesus is the human essence of God and is the standard by which all humans are to measure themselves and their conduct. 8. God has revealed himself generally through the awe-inspiring means of nature and more specifically through the special revelation of scripture. 9. God infuses those who believe in him with a part of his personality called the Holy Spirit, who guides our thinking toward truth. 10. There is but one singular truth; it is God’s truth. Hence our knowledge of God guides our search for truth, and what we find to be verifiable reality in our academic pursuits (in whatever field it takes place) introduces us to more of God.
In this course, we will be studying the text of the Bible, as well as the context of the biblical world in which the people of the Bible lived and the text was produced. This study will acknowledge and appreciate the status of the biblical text as the theological reflection of a faith community and as the inspired word of God. Simultaneously, we will engage in thoughtful examination of the social, historical and cultural backgrounds, literary structure, and vocabulary of the biblical text. Recognizing the value and importance of all approaches to the study of the Bible, we will be engaging in the integration of faith and learning as we pursue the objective of comprehending the biblical message.
IV. GENERAL COURSE STUDENT-LEARNING OUTCOMES:
The student will recall the chronological framework of the Old Testament. The student will identify and match the major historical events with the appropriate dates. The student will recall the characters, contents, purposes, themes, structures, and messages of selected books of the Old Testament. The student will describe the process of canonization and demonstrate comprehension of the various forms of biblical criticism. The student will discuss the historical, theological, literary, cultural, geographical, and social background of the Old Testament and the books contained therein. The student will demonstrate understanding of the geographical and historical settings for the Old Testament Prior to 1200 B.C.E. The student will define various terms related to the study of the Old Testament. The student will compare and contrast a biblical character with her/his own strengths and weaknesses.
V. COURSE OUTLINE:
Course Introduction and Syllabus Review Introduction to the Study of the Old Testament o Tullock, Chapter 1, 1-22: “The Book and Those Who Study It” o Tullock, Chapter 2, 23-36: “The Geographical and Historical Settings for the Old Testament Prior to 1200 B.C.E.” The Pentateuch o Tullock, Chapter 3, 37-60: “Israel Looks at the Beginnings (Genesis)” o Tullock, Chapter 4, 61-94: “Israel Becomes a People” (Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) Conquest and the Hebrew Monarchy o Tullock, Chapter 5, 95-116: “Israel Gains a Home: Joshua and Judges” o Tullock, Chapter 6, 117-44: “The Beginning of the Monarchy: Samuel, Saul, and David” o Tullock, Chapter 7, 145-55: “The Division of the Monarchy I: Reign of Solomon” o Tullock, Chapter 7, 155-72: “The Division of the Monarchy I” o Tullock, Chapter 8, 173-88: “The Division of the Monarchy II” Pre-Exilic Prophets and Prophecy o Tullock, Chapter 9, 189-91: Poetry and Parallelism o Tullock, Chapter 7, 161-62: Prophets o Tullock, Chapter 10, 208-10: “The Prophetic Literature I” o Tullock, Chapter 12, 269-71, 280-84: “The Prophetic Literature III: The Book of the Twelve and the Continuation of the Prophetic Tradition” and The Book of Amos o Tullock, Chapter 12, 271-78: The Book of Hosea o Tullock, Chapter 10, 210-33: The Book of Isaiah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 286-88: The Book of Micah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 288-89: The Book of Nahum o Tullock, Chapter 12, 289-90: The Book of Habbakkuk o Tullock, Chapter 12, 291-92: The Book of Zephaniah o Tullock, Chapter 11, 234-52: The Book of Jeremiah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 278-80: The Book of Joel o Tullock, Chapter 12, 284-85: The Book of Obadiah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 285-86: The Book of Jonah Exilic Prophets and Prophecy o Tullock, Chapter 9, 187-207: “The Exile and Restoration” o Tullock, Chapter 9, 191-94: The Book of Lamentations o Tullock, Chapter 11, 252-68: The Book of Ezekiel o Tullock, Chapter 14, 345-51: The Book of Daniel o Tullock, Chapter 9, 199-207: The Book of Ezra Nehemiah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 292-93: The Book of Haggai o Tullock, Chapter 12, 293-96: The Book of Zechariah o Tullock, Chapter 12, 296-99: The Book of Malachi
Wisdom Literature and Israel in the Persian and Greek Eras o Tullock, Chapter 13, 300-33: “A Legacy of Israel: Wisdom Literature and Psalms” o Tullock, Chapter 13, 300-2: Wisdom Literature o Tullock, Chapter 13, 302-8: The Book of Proverbs o Tullock, Chapter 13, 308-17: The Book of Job o Tullock, Chapter 13, 317-20: The Book of Ecclesiastes o Tullock, Chapter 13, 320-21, 324-33: The Book of Psalms o Tullock, Chapter 13, 321-24: The Song of Songs o Tullock, Chapter 14, 334-51: “A Time of Silence: Judah in Eclipse” o Tullock, Chapter 14, 337-40: The Book of Ruth o Tullock, Chapter 14, 340-43: The Book of Esther o Tullock, Chapter 15, 352-60: “Epilogue: The Continuing Story” Brief Overview of Ancient Near Eastern History from the Persian Era to the Roman Era Intertestamental Jewish Literature Sects, Parties, and Classes within Palestinian Judaism
VI. COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
Students should overview the pertinent biblical material and read the assigned pages in the textbook prior to each class session.
Students will complete six unit assessments and one comprehensive final assessment. Each assessment will be final over the material covered to that date. Questions will come from the textbooks, the biblical material, class discussions and activities, and lectures. Each assessment is worth 100 points. A student who is absent due to what the professor determines to be an unavoidable emergency or a school-related activity may be allowed to take the original assessment. The professor reserves the privilege to deny a student the opportunity to take a make-up assessment if the reason for missing the assessment is unacceptable. No make-up assessments can be taken after the last regular scheduled class before the final assessment. Assessments missed and not rescheduled will be graded a "0." It is the student's responsibility to arrange with the professor the taking of the makeup assessment.
1. Make-up assessments will be given ONLY on the following Mondays: Sept. 12, 26; Oct. 3, 17, Nov. 7, 21. 2. Make-up assessments will be given in SCRB 207 at 3:00 p.m. 3. Students must get approval from the professor to take the make-up assessment. 4. Professors will give the Administrative Secretary the assessment with the student’s name written on it along with the date the student is to take the assessment. 5. The scheduling of the make-up assessments are the responsibility of the professor, not the Administrative Secretary, for she cannot make the determination as to whether or not the student’s reason for missing the assessment is approved by the professor. 6. If a professor allows a student to makeup an assessment on a date other than above dates, it will be the responsibility of the professor to administer the assessment.
Concerning the final assessment, please note the following:
The final assessment is as follows:
Wednesday, December 7, 2016, 8:00-9:50 a.m.
Please do not make any arrangements that conflict with this date and time. You will not be allowed to take the assessment other than at the time and date indicated, unless one of the following applies:
Students may request a change in or special administration of their final assessment for the following reasons:
1. Four scheduled assessments on the same day 2. Serious personal illness 3. Death of an immediate family member
For full information, please see REQUEST TO RESCHEDULE THE FINAL ASSESSMENT on the forms page of the ETBU website. In order to assist you in your study for the assessments, I will post sample study questions for YOU to complete prior to each assessment. The answers to these study questions can be found in four places: the textbook, the Bible, the supplemental reading, and/or class lectures and discussions. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO COMPLETE THE STUDY QUESTIONS. I will be happy to clarify the study questions, if they are unclear. If you have any problems with completing the study questions, you can ask questions only during the class period in which we cover that material. No direct answer will be given any point after the class lecture and discussion. YOU MUST READ AND COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS PRIOR TO THE CLASS MEETING COVERNING THE MATERIAL FOR ME TO GIVE YOU ASSISTANCE. Students WILL NOT submit these questions to the professor for grading and credit.
Students will answer selected questions from the end of the chapters in the Tullock Textbook. These questions and answers will be submitted and graded. To receive credit, both questions and answers must be submitted; they must be typed. NO handwritten submissions will be accepted for credit. The value of this assignment is 5% of the course grade.
Students will complete the PowerPoint handouts as part of the daily lectures. Each student will receive the handout at the beginning of each course lecture. The student will complete the outline as the lecture progresses and will submit it to the professor at the end of the class. The handouts will then be returned to the student at the next class lecture. The handouts will be graded daily and will receive a credit/no credit grade. All blank sections MUST be completed to receive credit. The value of this assignment is 10% of the course grade.
Students will complete a reflective essay. Each student will select a biblical character and compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of this biblical character with her/his own strengths and weaknesses. This essay is to be no less than two pages and no more than three pages in length. The value of this assignment is 5% of the course grade.
Students are asked to complete the on-line evaluation of the course. For completing the survey, five points will be added to the final assessment grade.
To encourage learning, students will be awarded one point per day for participating in ACE (i.e., Academic Center for Excellence), located in the Mamye Jarrett Library. Minimum participation is one hour, and the weekly log form must be completed with the appropriate supervisory signatures and information. The points earned will be applied to the upcoming assessment; these forms must be turned in to the professor prior to the assessment. Five points maximum for each assessment.
Students enrolled at East Texas Baptist University are expected to conduct themselves in accordance with the highest standards of academic honesty and integrity avoiding all forms of cheating, illicit possession of examinations or examination materials, unwarranted access to instructor’s solutions’ manuals, plagiarism, forgery, collusion and submissions of the same assignment to multiple courses. Students are not allowed to recycle student work without permission of the faculty member teaching the course. Students must ask permission before submitting the work since it will likely be detected by plagiarism detection programs. If the student does not inform the instructor or ask permission before the assignment is due and submitted, the instructor may treat this as an academic integrity offense.
Penalties that may be applied by the faculty member to individual cases of academic dishonesty by a student include one or more of the following:
• Failure of the class in question • Failure of particular assignments • Requirement to redo the work in question • Requirement to submit additional work
All incidents related to violations of academic integrity are required to be reported to the Vice President for Academic Affairs and multiple violations of academic integrity will result in further disciplinary measures which could lead to dismissal from the University.
Plagiarism is defined as the act of appropriating or giving out as one's own the literary or artistic work of another. Cheating is defined as falsifying work, copying the work of another person, allowing another to copy your work, and/or the use of unauthorized helps. Any student who is found guilty of breaking the University’s policy of academic integrity (i.e., cheating, plagiarism, etc.) forfeits any chance of receiving credit and has earned a F for the course. Each student will sign the academic honesty/honor acknowledgement form (see the end of this document) on each assessment and on each assignment. In addition, religion majors are expected to abide by the religion department academic honor code: (http://www.etbu.edu/christian- studies/religion-department/honor-code/).
A student with a disability may request appropriate accommodations for this course by contacting the Office of Academic Success, Marshall Hall, Room 301, and providing the required documentation. If accommodations are approved by the Disability Accommodations Committee, the Office of Academic Success will notify the student and the student’s professor of the approved accommodations. The student must then discuss these accommodations with his or her professor. Students may not ask for accommodations the day of an assessment or due date. Arrangements must be made prior to these important dates. For additional information, please refer to page 15-16 of the 2016-2017 Undergraduate Catalog.
In accordance with the current ETBU policy, food and drinks are prohibited in classrooms. Water in approved containers is acceptable. Approved water containers include squeeze bottles with tops and hard plastic cups with a screw-on lid.
VII. COURSE ATTENDANCE, ABSENCES, PARTICIPATION, AND BEHAVIORS:
Students are expected to attend all class sessions. Please be in class and be on time .
East Texas Baptist University is committed to the policy that regular and punctual attendance is essential to successful scholastic achievement. Attendance at all meetings of the course for which a student is registered is expected. To be eligible to earn credit in a course, the student must attend at least 75 percent of all class meetings. For additional information, please refer to page 30 of the 2016-2017 Undergraduate Catalog.
Students who exceed the absence limit in a course before the official withdrawal date will have the opportunity to withdraw from the class. Students in this situation who do not choose to withdraw on or before the official withdrawal date or who exceed the absence limit in a course after the official withdrawal date will receive a grade of XF.
A student may withdraw from a course or courses or from the University beginning with the first day through 75 percent of the semester without academic penalty. The final day to withdraw from this course is Friday, November 11.
To withdraw from a course or courses or from the University the student must secure a withdrawal form from the Registrar’s Office, his/her advisor, or from the ETBU website, and follow the directions on the form, securing all required signatures. Students must process their own withdrawals. For additional information, please refer to page 29 of the 2016-2017 Undergraduate Catalog.
If a student chooses to withdraw from this course, he/she will continue to be considered as a member of the course (i.e., accumulating absences) until the student completes the appropriate withdrawal form, meets with the professor, and receives the professor’s permission to withdraw from the course.
Constant tardiness, as well as constant early departures, disrupts the class; therefore, in order to discourage such behavior, three (3) late arrivals or three (3) early departures will constitute one absence. It is the student’s responsibility to make the professor aware of her/his presence in the classroom if she/he arrives late.
During class, please place all cell phones or any other electronic equipment that makes a sound on silent prior to the beginning of class.
Although I do understand that a state of sleepiness can attack anyone at any time, especially in a classroom, please do not sleep.
Please do not spend class time working on assignments for another class.
Students are expected to complete the assigned readings and to be able to dialog with the professor and the class related to the assigned material.
Respect for other people is inherent in the gospel, and is a requirement for participation in this class. Disrespect (whether in word or in deed) directed toward any other person will not be tolerated. Prohibited actions include, but are not limited to, harassment of a sexual nature and harassment related to gender, ethnicity, or disability. Individuals who believe that they have been subjected to harassment should report the incident to the professor or to the Dean of the School of Christian Studies. Offenders will be reported to the Student Affairs office; repeat offenders will be removed from the course.
The on-campus possession of firearms, explosives, or fireworks is prohibited with the exception of the transportation and storage of firearms and ammunition by concealed handgun license holders in private vehicles (as described in SB1907) Pursuant to Section 30.06, Penal Code (trespass by license holder with a concealed handgun), a person licensed under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code (handgun licensing law, may not enter this property (ETBU) with a concealed handgun. The ETBU President may grant authorization to a qualified and certified full-time faculty or staff member, who is a license holder with a concealed handgun to conceal carry on the University campus, at a University-sponsored event or within or on a University vehicle.
VIII. COURSE GRADING:
The course grading will be as follows:
Assessment #1 10% Assessment #2 10% Assessment #3 10% Assessment #4 10% Assessment #5 10% Assessment #6 10% Power Point Handouts 10% Tullock Textbook Questions 5% Reflective Essay 5% Final Assessment 20%
Students who earn
90% + earn an A 89%-80% earn a B 79%-70% earn a C 69%-60% earn a D 59% or less earn a F IX. OFFICE HOURS: my office is located in Scarborough #204. My campus phone is 923- 2181. My office hours are as follows:
John L. Harris, Ph.D. - Professor of Religion, Dean-School of Christian Studies SCRB 204 Ext. 2181 jharris @etbu.edu
Fall 2016
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
8:00 Religion Religion Office by Capstone Capstone Appointment RLGN 4260.01 RLGN 4260.01 Office SCRB 103 Office SCRB 103 9:00 Introduction Introduction to Introduction to to the Old the Old the Old Testament Testament Testament 9:30 RLGN 1320.01 RLGN 1320.01 RLGN 1320.01 SCRB 207 Pentateuch: SCRB 207 Pentateuch: SCRB 207 10:00 Genesis Genesis Meetings: RLGN 3321.01 RLGN 3321.01 Departmental, Chapel Chapel SCRB 105 SCRB 105 Committees, etc. 11:00 Office by Office by Office by Office by Office by Appointment Appointment Appointment Appointment Appointment 11:30 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch 12:00 12:30 Office by 1:00 Appointment 1:30 Office Office Office Office
2:00 Deans' Meeting 3:00 4:00
X. TENTATIVE COURSE SCHEDULE
Sessions Date Topic 1 Aug, 22 Course Introduction and Syllabus Review
2-5 Aug. 24-31 Introduction to the Study of the Old Testament Tullock, Chapter 1, 1-22: “The Book and Those Who Study It” Tullock, Chapter 2, 23-36: “The Geographical and Historical Settings for the Old Testament Prior to 1200 B.C.E.” Aug. 31 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 1, all 20 and Chapter 2, all 10.
6 Sept. 2 Assessment #1: Lesson 1
7-13 Sept. 7-21 The Pentateuch No Class Sept. 5 Tullock, Chapter 3, 37-60: “Israel Looks at the Beginnings (Genesis)” Tullock, Chapter 4, 61-94: “Israel Becomes a People” (Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) Sept. 21 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 3, all 23 and Chapter 4, all 29
14 Sept. 23 Assessment #2: Lesson 2
15-20 Sept. 26-Oct. 10 Conquest and the Hebrew Monarchy No Class Oct. 7 Tullock, Chapter 5, 95-116: “Israel Gains a Home: Joshua and Judges” Tullock, Chapter 6, 117-44: “The Beginning of the Monarchy: Samuel, Saul, and David” Tullock, Chapter 7, 145-55: “The Division of the Monarchy I: Reign of Solomon” Tullock, Chapter 7, 155-72: “The Division of the Monarchy I” Tullock, Chapter 8, 173-88: “The Division of the Monarchy II” Oct. 10 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 5, all 17, Chapter 6, all 25, Chapter 7, all 20, and Chapter 8, all 10.
21 Oct. 12 (Wednesday) Assessment #3: Lesson 3
22-27 Oct. 14-26 Pre-Exilic Prophets and Prophecy Tullock, Chapter 9, 189-91: Poetry and Parallelism Tullock, Chapter 7, 161-62: Prophets Tullock, Chapter 10, 208-10: “The Prophetic Literature I” Tullock, Chapter 12, 269-71, 280-84: “The Prophetic Literature III: The Book of the Twelve and the Continuation of the Prophetic Tradition” and The Book of Amos Tullock, Chapter 12, 271-78: The Book of Hosea Tullock, Chapter 10, 210-33: The Book of Isaiah Tullock, Chapter 12, 286-88: The Book of Micah Tullock, Chapter 12, 288-89: The Book of Nahum Tullock, Chapter 12, 289-90: The Book of Habbakkuk Tullock, Chapter 12, 291-92: The Book of Zephaniah Tullock, Chapter 11, 234-52: The Book of Jeremiah Tullock, Chapter 12, 278-80: The Book of Joel Tullock, Chapter 12, 284-85: The Book of Obadiah Tullock, Chapter 12, 285-86: The Book of Jonah Oct. 26 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 10, all 17, Chapter 11, only 1-12, Chapter 12, all 18.
28 Oct. 28 Assessment #4: Lesson 4
29-33 Oct. 31-Nov. 9 Exilic Prophets and Prophecy Tullock, Chapter 9, 187-207: “The Exile and Restoration” Tullock, Chapter 9, 191-94: The Book of Lamentations Tullock, Chapter 11, 252-68: The Book of Ezekiel Tullock, Chapter 14, 345-51: The Book of Daniel Tullock, Chapter 9, 199-207: The Book of Ezra Nehemiah Tullock, Chapter 12, 292-93: The Book of Haggai Tullock, Chapter 12, 293-96: The Book of Zechariah Tullock, Chapter 12, 296-99: The Book of Malachi Nov. 9 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 9, all 12, Chapter 11, only 13-21.
34 Nov. 11 Assessment #5: Lesson 5
35-40 Nov. 14-30 Wisdom Literature and Israel in the Persian and Greek Eras Nov. 21 Reflective Essays Due Thanksgiving Break, Nov. 23-25, Tullock, Chapter 13, 300-33: “A Legacy of Israel: No Class Wisdom Literature and Psalms” Tullock, Chapter 13, 300-2: Wisdom Literature Tullock, Chapter 13, 302-8: The Book of Proverbs Tullock, Chapter 13, 308-17: The Book of Job Tullock, Chapter 13, 317-20: The Book of Ecclesiastes Tullock, Chapter 13, 320-21, 324-33: The Book of Psalms Tullock, Chapter 13, 321-24: The Song of Songs Tullock, Chapter 14, 334-51: “A Time of Silence: Judah in Eclipse” Tullock, Chapter 14, 337-40: The Book of Ruth Tullock, Chapter 14, 340-43: The Book of Esther Tullock, Chapter 15, 352-60: “Epilogue: The Continuing Story” Brief Overview of Ancient Near Eastern History from the Persian Era to the Roman Era Intertestamental Jewish Literature Sects, Parties, and Classes within Palestinian Judaism Nov. 30 Tullock Textbook Questions Due: Chapter 13, all 29, Chapter 14, 1-10, 14, and Chapter 15, all 13.
41 Dec. 2 Assessment #6: Lesson 6
Wednesday, December 7, 2016, 8:00-9:50 a.m., Final Comprehensive Assessment XI. SUPPLEMENTAL READING:
Aharoni, Yohanan. The Archaeology of the Land of Israel. Philadelphia:Westminster Press, 1982.
Albertz, Rainer. A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period. Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/ John Knox Press, 1994.
Albright, William F. The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
Allen, Ronald Barclay. Lord of Song: The Messiah Revealed in the Psalms. Portland, Oregon: Multnomah Press, 1985.
Anderson, Bernhard W., and Walter Harrelson. Israel's Prophetic Heritage. New York: Harper and Brothers, Publishers, 1962.
Anderson, G. W. The Prophetic Gospel: Studies in the Servant Songs. London,1952.
Aune, D. E. Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient MediterraneanWorld. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1983.
Balentine, Samuel E. Prayer in the Hebrew Bible: The Drama of Divine-Human Dialogue. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.
Barton, John. Oracles of God: Perceptions of Ancient Prophecy in Israel after the Exile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Becker, Joachim. Messianic Expectation in the Old Testament. Translated by David E. Green. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980.
Bellinger, W. H., Jr. Psalms: Reading and Studying the Book of Praises. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1990.
Bimson, John J. Redating the Exodus and Conquest. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, 1978.
Birch, B. The Rise of the Israelite Monarchy. Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976. Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophecy in Israel: From the Settlement in the Land to the Hellenistic Period. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1983.
______. The Pentateuch: An Introduction to the First Five Books of the Bible. The Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
______. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament: The Ordering of Life in Israel and Early Judaism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Bright, John. The Authority of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1975.
Bruce, F. F. The Books and the Parchments: How We Got Our English Bible. Rev. ed. Old Tappan, New Jersey: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1984.
Brueggemann, Walter. The Message of the Psalms: A Theological Commentary. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1984.
______. The Prophetic Imagination. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1978.
______. The Psalms and the Life of Faith. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.
Cerny. L. The Day of Yahweh and Some Relevant Problems. Prague, 1948.
Childs, Brevard S. Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979.
Clines, D. J. A. The Theme of the Pentateuch. JSOTSS 10. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, 1979.
Craven, Toni. The Book of Psalms. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1992.
Cragie, Peter C. The Problem of War in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1978.
Davidson, A. B. Old Testament Prophecy. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1905.
Davidson, Robert. The Courage to Doubt: Exploring an Old Testament Theme. London: SCM Press, 1989.
Dearman, J. Andrew. Religion and Culture in Ancient Israel. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1992.
DeVries, Simon. Prophet Against Prophet. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1978.
Dothan, Trude. The Philistines and Their Material Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. Ellison, H. L. The Old Testament Prophets. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971. ______. The Prophets of Israel. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1969.
Fishbane, M. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
Fretheim, Terence E. The Suffering of God: An Old Testament Perspective. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984.
Gammie, John. Holiness in Israel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Press, 1989.
Goldingay, John. Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation. Rev. ed. Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Press, 1990.
______. Theological Diversity and the Authority of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1987.
Graffy, Adrian. A Prophet Confronts His People: The Disputation Speech in the Prophets. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1984.
Graham, W. C. The Prophets and Israel's Culture. Chicago: Moody Press, 1934.
Green, Joel B. How to Read Prophecy. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1984.
Harris, R. Laird. Inspiration and Canonicity of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1957.
Harrison, R. K. Introduction to the Old Testament: With a Comprehensive Review of the Old Testament Studies and a Special Supplement on the Apocrypha. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1969.
Heaton, E. W. The Old Testament Prophets. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books,1958.
Heschel, Abraham J. The Prophets. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers,1962.
Hyatt, J. Philip. Prophetic Religion. Nashville: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press,1947.
Isserlin, B. S. J. The Israelites. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001.
Johnson, Aubrey R. The Cultic Prophet in Ancient Israel. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1962.
Kaufmann, Yehezkel. The Biblical Account of the Conquest of Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1953.
Kenyon, Kathleen. Archaeology in the Holy Land. 4th ed. New York: Norton, 1979.
Kimball, Charles. When Religion Becomes Evil. New York: Harper San Francisco, 2002.
Klausner, Joseph. The Messianic Idea in Israel. Translated by W. F. Stinesspring. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1955. Koch, Klaus. The Prophets: The Assyrian Period and The Prophets: The Babylonian Period. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982.
Lindblom, J. Prophecy in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1962.
Longman, Tremper III, and Dan Reid. Yahweh as the Divine Warrior. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, forthcoming.
Mays, James Luther, and Paul J. Achtemeier, eds. Interpreting the Prophets. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987.
Mazar, Amihai. The Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1990.
Millard, Alan R., and Donald J. Wiseman. Essays in the Patriarchal Narratives. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
Miller, Patrick D., Jr. Interpreting the Psalms. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986.
Moberly, R. W. L. The Old Testament of the Old Testament: Patriarchal Narratives and Mosaic Yahwism. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992.
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