Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus

Course Description:

This course provides a knowledge base that is essential to students interested in various health- related fields and gives students an appreciation for the complexity of and proper maintenance for the human body. Through anatomical studies, students will gain an understanding of the structures and organization of the human body. Through physiological studies, students will gain an understanding of how these structures function as part of a system. Select human body systems will be examined, including the Integumentary system, the Skeletal system, the Muscular system, the Nervous system, the Endocrine system, the Cardiovascular system, the Lymphatic system, the Digestive system and the Respiratory system.

“Why all this interest in the human body? The answer to this question seems quite clear to me: your body is the only thing you carry with you from the moment you are born until your very last breath. Knowledge of one's body, its structure (how it is put together) and its function (how it works) represents some of the most practical, useful information a person could possibly want to possess.”

Dr. Roy Glover, Medical Director Former Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Michigan

The quote above illustrates my philosophy in teaching this course. We will be exploring the human body beyond simply memorizing names and functions of body parts and regions. There will be a clinical aspect to class, as well, applying our knowledge of how the body works to understand what happens in a disease state, what may lead to a disease state and to be better care for our bodies to help prevent illness. A portion of our class will be devoted to case studies in which students, given a hypothetical medical situation or set of symptoms, will diagnose the “patient” and explain the case given to the rest of the class to demonstrate a deep understanding of human anatomy and physiology. Course Information

Expectations

- Students should come to class on time and prepared. Attendance and preparation is vital to success in class. - Students are to participate in class and be respectful of others. - Homework is expected to be done every day and turned in on time. Homework is meant to reinforce what is learned in class and prepare for the next day’s class. Late homework will not be accepted. - In the case of absence, it is the students’ responsibility to see me to turn in homework checked in their absence and to collect and make up any missed homework. Failing to do so will result in loss of credit. - Students are to produce their own, original work. This means no plagiarism, no copying work from other students and working independently unless otherwise permitted. Any evidence of any of the above will result in loss of credit.

Skills Required

Organizational skills:

- Students are to keep an organized binder with papers kept in neat and chronological order - Vocabulary words should be defined on index cards. A strong knowledge of the vocabulary terms in Anatomy and Physiology is extremely important in learning the subject. - Textbooks and binders should be brought to class every day.

Study skills:

- Tests and quizzes will be given frequently. There is an emphasis on assessments of progress. - Vocabulary quizzes will be given on Friday of each week in order to keep up with the demands of this course.

Lab skills:

- Students will participate in various labs throughout the year and they will learn the value of lab work in science. Grading Procedure

- Grades are based on a point system. Grades are calculated by taking the points that are earned and dividing by the total points available. - Evaluation is based on the following: (Please note that point values are subject to change): Tests: 100-150 points each

Quizzes: 20-60 points each

Lab reports: 10-20 points

Homework checks: 5-10 points

Various projects: Point values to be determined

Text: Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 13th Edition

Website: ConnectPlus

Contact Information:

Email: [email protected]

Phone: (973) 429-8300, ext. 2317

Note: Email is the easiest way to contact me and I will do my best to respond quickly to any questions or concerns. Course Outline

I. Unit: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Readings:

 Textbook chapter 1

 Teacher-selected articles

Topics:

 Definition and study of Anatomy and Physiology

 Organization of the human body – Cavities, membranes, regions

 Maintaining homeostasis – feedback mechanisms

 Anatomical terminology – the language of A&P

Activities:

 Practice labeling various regions of the body.  Use visual cues to point out cavities and membranes of the body.  Use the “Histology” section of the website to view slides of various tissues.  Complete “Body Organization and Terminology” lab activity  Use the book’s website to review terms using the various review games.  Use “Simon Says” game to review body terms and locations  Clinical applications: Exploring the SOAP protocol of medical diagnosis

II. Unit: Development and Organization of the Human Body

Readings:

 Textbook: Chapters 3 (section 6 only), 23 (select topics) and 5

Topics:  Development of the human body – from embryo to adulthood

 Stem cells – their role in development

 Organization – from cell to tissue to organ to organ system

 Tissues – Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Activities:

 Research and report on stem cells, including sources of stem cells, potency and potential uses  Debate the ethics of stem cell research  Use microscopes and online slides to examine various types of cells and parts of cells.  Create an organizational chart for the four types of tissues demonstrating structure, function and examples.  Label four types of tissues using visual aids.  View various tissues under the microscope and using online slides.  Complete “Epithelial Tissues,” “Connective Tissues,” and “Muscle and Nervous Tissues” lab activities

III. Unit: Support and Movement

Readings:

 Textbook: Chapters 6-9

Topics:

 The integumentary system – form and function of skin

 The skeletal system – form and function

 Bones – development, names and locations

 Joints – movement

 The muscular system – form and function

 Muscle contraction – the sliding filament model

 Diseases/Disorders of the skin, skeletal system and muscular system Activities:

 Examine different layers of skin using microscope and online slides.  Complete “Integumentary System” lab activity  Use models and other visual aids to identify the bones of the skeleton system.  Name all of the bones and their features using unlabeled models  Identify bones and their features using disarticulated skeleton  Complete lab activities labeling the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage, pectoral girdle and upper limb and pelvic gordle and lower limb.  Complete “Joints” lab activity.  Demonstrate muscle fiber contraction and act out the sliding filament model  Complete “Skeletal Muscle Structure” lab activity.  Analyze myograms, both normal and abnormal  Jeopardy-style review games for all chapters  Research and present different diseases of the skin, skeleton and muscles, including their symptoms, their causes and treatments.  Analyze case studies and present to the class

IV. Integration and Coordination

Readings:

 Textbook: Chapters 10-13

Topics:

 The nervous system – form and function

 The neuron and the conduction of the impulse – action potentials, the synapse and neurotransmitters

 Divisions of the nervous system – CNS and PNS

 The Brain – motor, sensory and associative functions and the regions in the brain

 The senses – general and special senses

 The endocrine system – form and function

 Glands and the hormones they produce

 Diseases/Disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems Activities:

 Model neurons and the nerve impulse and label the structures of a neuron.  Examine different types of nerve cells using microscope and online slides.  Label the structures of the brain using models.  Create a 3-D model of the brain, labeled  Dissect a sheep brain and identify major areas  Experiment on reflex arc by testing various reflexes.  Label the structures of the eyes and ears using visual aids.  Dissect a sheep eye and identify major structures  Experiment testing the senses, including visual and auditory tests.  Label the major endocrine glands using visual aids.  Jeopardy-style review games for all chapters  Research and present different diseases of the nervous and muscular systems, including their symptoms, their causes and treatments.  Analyze case studies and present to the class V. Unit: Transport

Readings:

 Textbook: Chapter 14 (select sections), 15-16

Topics:

 The cardiovascular system – form and function

 Blood – components and types

 The heart – structure and pulmonary circulation

 Blood pressure – factors influencing blood pressure

 Arteries, veins and capillaries – the blood highway

 The lymphatic system – form and function

 Immunity – innate and adaptive immunity, cell-mediated and humoral responses

 Allergies, autoimmune disorders and immune deficiencies

 Disorders/Diseases of these systems

Activities:  View different blood cells using microscope and online slides.  Perform blood typing lab  Label the structures of the heart using visual aids  Dissect a pig’s heart and identify major structures  Complete “Cardiac Cycle” lab activity  Trace the flow of blood through pulmonary circulation.  Measure heart rate and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer.  Interpret EKG readouts for various heart defects.  Label the lymphatic pathways and lymph nodes using visual aids  Group Project - Operation: Antibody  Research the causes and effects of various cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.  Jeopardy-style review games for all chapters  Analyze case studies and present to the class

VI. Unit: Absorption and Excretion

Readings:

 Textbook: chapters 17-19

Topics:

 The digestive system – form and function

 Enzymatic control of digestion

 Nutrients and metabolism – the importance of a balanced diet

 The respiratory system – form and function

 Mechanisms of breathing – inhalation and exhalation and control

 Coupling between cardiovascular system and respiratory system

 Diseases/Disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems

Activities:  Experiment on action of enzymes on various substances.  Label the organs of the digestive system using visual aids.  Conduct “Action of a Digestive Enzyme” lab activity  Dissect a pig’s digestive system and identify key structures  Research the causes and effects of disorders of the digestive system.  Label the organs of the respiratory system using visual aids.  Complete “Breathing and Respiratory Volumes and Capacities” lab activity  Research the causes and effects of disorders of the respiratory system.  Model the mechanism of breathing.  Jeopardy-style review games  Analyze case studies and present to the class