Study Guide to Chapter 19

Name: ______Study Guide Aquatic Ecology 1. Water by the Numbers: % water on the Earth: ______% saltwater on the Earth: ______% freshwater on the Earth: ______% water in polar ice caps and glaciers: ______% water in lakes and rivers (surface water): ______2. What is the largest lake in the world? ______What is the largest aquifer? ______3. What is the world water use, by percentage, of: Agriculture: ______Industry: ______Cities/residence (Municipalities): ______Identify the TWO largest consumptive uses of water in the US:

4. Identify TWO abiotic and TWO biotic factors that affect aquatic ecosystems:

5. Briefly describe some of the characteristics of the ocean:

6. Identify and describe the following types of aquatic organisms: a. Phytoplankton ______b. Zooplankton ______c. Nekton ______d. Benthos ______7. Identify and describe the lotic characteristics: ______Identify and describe the lentic characteristics: ______8. Explain a watershed and the importance of floodplains and groundwater:

Define: Infiltration – Runoff – Aquifer – Name: ______Water table – 9. Describe the different zones in a lentic ecosystem and their properties: a. Littoral b. Limnetic c. Euphotic d. Profundal 10. Describe an upwelling and explain why an upwelling/turnover important in aquatic ecosystems:

11. Describe estuaries and explain why are they important environmentally:

12. Explain the importance of wetlands:

Describe TWO important ecological functions of wetlands: 1. 2. 13. Explain TWO of the issues associated with the Colorado River system:

Advantages: ______Disadvantages: ______14. Explain TWO of the issues associated with the Aswan High dam:

Advantages: ______Disadvantages: ______15. Explain TWO of the issues associated with the Three Gorges Dam:

Advantages: ______Disadvantages: ______16. Describe what happened to the Aral Sea:

17. Explain how water pollution detected and how water quality monitored:

18. Define indicator species. Explain why indicator species important in aquatic ecosystems:

19. The Clean Water Act monitors US waterways, describe the different pollutants that are monitored: Eutrophication – Organic Pollutants – Inorganic Pollutants – Sediment Pollution – Sewage Pollution – Name: ______20. Identify THREE methods of irrigation. a. ______, b. ______, c. ______Describe the importance of drip irrigation: 21. Describe desalinization and identify where desalinization is used:

22. Identify TWO ways that seawater is used: