Handout - Solubility Rules

Solubility Rules

Rule Applies to Statement Exceptions

Li+, Na+, K+, All alkali metal (Group I A) and 1 Cs+, Rb+, ammonium compounds are none + NH4 soluble  C2H3O2 , All acetate, perchlorate,   2 ClO4 , ClO3 , chlorate, and nitrate compounds none  NO3 are soluble.

   Most chlorides, bromides, and + 2+ 2+ 3 Cl , Br , l Ag , Pb , (Hg2) iodides are soluble + 2+ 2+ 2 Ag , Ba , Ca , 4 SO4 Most sulfates are soluble. 2+ 2+ 2+ Pb , Sr , (Hg2)

2 Group I A and 5 CO3 Most carbonates are insoluble. + NH4

3 Group I A and 6 PO4 Most phosphates are insoluble. + NH4

2 Group I A and 7 S Most sulfides are insoluble. + NH4

2 Group I A and 8 O Most oxides are insoluble. + NH4 + Group I A, NH4 are soluble. 9 OH Most hydroxides are insoluble. Ba2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ are slightly soluble.

2 Group I A and 10 CrO4 Most chromates are insoluble + NH4

 Group I A and 11 F Most fluorides are insoluble. + NH4 + 2+   Ag , Pb , Silver, lead, and mercury (I) C2H3O2 , ClO4 , 12 4+ +   Pb , Hg compounds are insoluble. ClO3 , NO3