Appendix C: Tables of C and N Properties of Soil, Leaf Litter, and Earthworm Biomass Pools

Appendix C: Tables of C and N properties of soil, leaf litter, and earthworm biomass pools after 150-day incubations.

Table C1: Soil C and N pool size and isotopic values (13C and 15N) across A-horizon (AH), B-horizon (BH), and burrow (BR) soil. Values represent means (± 1 SE, n = 6) after 150-day incubations. Dashes indicate the absence of BR soil in controls. Soil C and N properties after 150-day incubations Treatment Carbon (g C m−2) Nitrogen (g N m−2) 13C (‰) 15N (‰) Earthworm Soil AH BH BR AH BH BR AH BH BR AH BH BR (EW) Control 1030 386 41.8 14.9 -23.7 -25.5 16.5 8.21 ------(no EW+) (50.1) (22.6) (1.68) (0.88) (0.17) (0.10) (1.39) (0.36) 37.1 964 447 43.0 17.8 1.72 -18.3 -25.8 -6.74 41.7 9.32 98.1 Epigeic (13.3 (38.1) (3.27) (1.71) (0.31) (0.62) (1.34) (0.09) (4.66) (4.79) (0.42) (22.3) En ) 59.6 tic 1181 362 44.4 14.8 2.80 -10.3 -25.5 4.44 49.1 14.5 112.3 Epi×End (17.0 Ha (133.3) (19.2) (9.27) (0.64) (0.86) (4.40) (0.18) (8.88) (16.4) (0.9) (31.8) plo ) 14.2 rth 1042 477 47.4 18.8 0.65 -11.8 -25.3 174.1 60.9 22.3 616.1c Anecic (5.05 od (38.8) (16.9) (2.05) (0.86) (0.24) (3.42) (0.18) (26.4) (9.52) (1.13) (80.3) (sa ) 26.9 nd) 922 502 41.3 21.0 1.2 9.10 -25.6 75.6 145.1 23.03 370.3 Ane×End (5.87 (45.3) (83.7) (2.02) (3.26) (0.25) (5.23) (0.23) (17.5) (23.0) (1.66) (67.3) ) 19.9 1069 392 45.5 16.5 0.9 2.92 -25.5 93.9 119.0 19.1 449.5 All Species (5.51 (32.6) (21.0) (1.54) (0.87) (0.24) (2.32) (0.17) (30.9) (5.21) (1.25) (117.4) ) Alf Control 1827 445 86.1 9.32 -10.2 -0.98 51.2 9.4 ic ------Ha (no EW+) (41.3) (19.6) (2.36) (0.49) (0.91) (0.07) (4.27) (2.00) plo rth All Species 1761 489 44.3 79.82 10.83 2.02 7.43 -0.65 48.1 105.4 22.6 330.6 od (33.7) (2.49) (4.56 (1.18) (0.13) (0.2) (0.38) (0.09) (11.3) (3.89) (4.10) (59.3) (sa ) nd y loa m) Table C2: Earthworm C and N pool size and isotopic values (13C and  15N) by species (L. terrestris [Lterr; anecic], E. fetida [Efet; epigeic], and A. trapezoides [Atrap; endogeic]). Values represent means (± 1 SE, n = 6) after 150-day incubations. Dashes indicate the absence of an earthworm species in an earthworm community treatment. Earthworm biomass C and N properties after 150-day incubations Treatm 15 ent Carbon Nitrogen  N (g C m−2) (g N m−2) (‰) Earthwor Soil Lterr Efet Atrap Lterr Efet Atrap Lterr Efet Atrap Lterr Efet Atrap m 0.69 0.44 8.51 83.0 Epigeic ------(0.05) (0.03) (5.1) (23.66) 0.44 0.69 0.15 0.83 78.9 -13.8 292.6 22.7 Epi×End ------Entic (0.04) (0.05) (0.02) (0.29) (32.1) (2.14) (106.0) (6.16) 8.69 0.69 74.6 266.0 Hapl Anecic ------ortho (0.59) (0.05) (16.3) (41.0) d 5.49 0.44 0.44 0.63 126.7 -1.02 504.8 44.4 Ane×End ------(sand) (0.56) (0.04) (0.04) (0.07) (15.5) (4.42) (61.5) (8.04) All 6.02 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.2 0.44 163.6 20.1 -10.4 735.4 111.2 29.3 Species (0.26) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.04) (0.03) (14.0) (7.65) (2.18) (70.5) (26.4) (5.5)

Alfic Hapl ortho All 5.19 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.17 0.48 171.2 -3.59 -4.45 738.6 41.9 47.9 d Species (0.35) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.03) (7.78) (5.04) (3.61) (77.1) (7.04) (9.13) (sandy loam) Table C3: Red maple (A. rubrum) 13C and 15N enrichment in mesocosms (13C excess and 15N excess). Values represent means (± 1 SE, n = 6) of mass recoveries after 150-day incubations across (A) soil pools (A-horizon [AH], B-horizon [BH], and burrow soil [BR]) and (B) earthworm species biomass (EW: L. terrestris [Lterr; anecic], E. fetida [Efet; epigeic], A. trapezoides [Atrap; endogeic]). Different lower case letters within columns represent significant differences among least square means between treatments determined by linear mixed-effect models (evaluated at P < 0.05; Table 2). Dashes indicate the absence of BR soil in no-earthworm controls and the absence of an earthworm species in an earthworm community treatment. Corresponding percent recoveries are shown in Table 1.

(B) A. rubrum isotopic recoveries in EW biomass Treatment 15 13 15 N excess C excess N excess (mg 15N m−2) (mg 13C m−2) (mg 15N m−2) Lt Earthwor A Soil AH BH BR BH BR e Efet Atrap Lterr Efet Atrap m (EW) H rr En 2 tic . Ha 4 pl 3 ort a -- Control 31.23a 4.57a 1.01a ho ----- ( ------(no EW+) (1.19) (1.01) (0.04) d 0 - (sa . nd 2 ) 2 ) Epigeic 88.35ab 2.14a 9.79a 6 1.45a 0.75a -- 0.11a ------0.14ab ----- (16.36) (0.36) (3.17) . (0.06) (0.24) -- (0.03) (0.04) 4 - 1 a

b ( 0 . 7 6 ) 9 . 8 2 a -- 175.45bc 6.17ab 73.88b b 2.33ab 3.7ab 0.14a -0.02a 0.42b 0.1a Epi×End ------(34.47) (0.15) (13.38) ( (0.05) (0.68) (0.05) (0.02) (0.27) (0.03) - 1 . 4 5 ) 1 0 . 0. 3 7 4 a b 9 167.15b 12.86b 140.16bc 5.30b 7.04cd ( 0.65a Anecic c ------(31.21) (2.83) (51.38) (0.28) (2.61) 0. (0.1) ( 1 1 2 . ) 3 1 ) Ane×End 416.5d 5.06b 95.62bc 2 5.9b 4.79b 0. ----- 0.08b 0.77b ----- 0.1a (21.92) (0.91) (26.04) 5 (0.39) (1.13) 8 (0.04) (0.09) (0.02) . 0a 1 b 6 ( c 0. d 0 ( 7 1 ) . 6 3 ) 1 9 . 1. 6 1 2 7c All 349.6cd 7.16b 76.85b c 3.72b 4.16b ( 0.06a 0a 1.29c 0.06a 0.04a Species (31.07) (0.72) (42.55) ( (0.07) (2.28) 0. (0.01) (0.01) (0.14) (0.01) (0.01) 0 1 . 1 9 ) 2 ) Alf 1 ic 6 Ha . pl 0 ort 4 -- ho Control 194.09bc 545.86c c 1.38a ------d (no EW+) (16.97) (3.83) ( (0.22) - (sa 1 nd . y 2 loa 3 m) ) All 530.57d 555.31c 106.22c 3 5.32b 6.5d 1. 0.02a 0.03ab 1.11bc 0.03a 0.08a Species (11.25) (2.72) (18.98) 0 (0.35) (0.91) 0 (0.02) (0.02) (0.12) (0.01) (0.01) . 5b 6 c 2 ( d 0. ( 0 0 8 . ) 9 1 ) Table C4: Red maple (A. rubrum) litter C and N mass transport to soil pools, and calculated losses after 150-day incubations. Values represent means (± 1 SE), n = 6. Different lower case letters within columns represent significant differences among least square means between treatments determined by linear mixed-effect models (evaluated at P < 0.05; Table 2). Statistical outcomes for pair-wise comparisons of differences in leaf litter transport and pool-specific recoveries across treatments are shown in Figure 2 as lower-case letters; differences in total recoveries are shown as capital letters. Dashes are placed in BR columns corresponding to no-earthworm controls that only contained AH and BH soil pools. A. rubrum A. rubrum C recovery in soil pools Gaseous + leachate losses Treatment transport (g C m−2) (g m−2) (g m−2) CO , NOx, Soil Earthworm C N AH BH BR Total AH BH BR Total 2 DOC TDN E Control 13.72a 0.25a 0.69a 0.10a 0.79a 0.04a 0.02a 0.06a 12.92ab 0.19ab ------nt (no EW+) (1.33) (0.04) (0.03) (0.02) (0.03) (<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01) (1.32) (0.04) ic 13.5a 0.27a 1.95ab 0.05a 0.22a 2.24ab 0.11ab 0.02a 0.01a 0.15ab 11.26a 0.12ab H Epigeic (1.29) (0.04) (0.36) (0.01) (0.07) (0.36) (0.01) (<0.01) (0) (0.01) (0.98) (0.03) a 17.34ab 0.35a 3.88b 0.14a 1.63ab 5.68b 0.17b 0.04a 0.06ab 0.28bc 11.66a 0.07ac pl Epi×End or (1.75) (0.06) (0.76) (<0.01) (0.3) (0.87) (0.02) (<0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (1.32) (0.04) th 26.42cd 0.66b 3.70b 0.28a 3.10b 7.25bc 0.18bc 0.09b 0.12b 0.40c 19.14b 0.26b Anecic o (2.24) (0.06) (0.69) (0.06) (1.14) (1.17) (0.02) (<0.01) (0.04) (0.04) (1.75) (0.05) d 28.57d 0.73b 9.21c 0.11a 2.11ab 11.63c 0.43d 0.10b 0.08ab 0.63d 16.95ab 0.08ac (s Ane×End a (1.73) (0.04) (0.48) (0.02) (0.58) (0.9) (0.03) (0.01) (0.02) (0.04) (1.46) (0.05) n 29.28d 0.74b 7.73c 0.16a 1.70ab 9.82c 0.34d 0.06b 0.07ab 0.49c 19.46b 0.22b All Species d) (1.07) (0.03) (0.69) (0.02) (0.94) (0.97) (0.02) (<0.01) (0.04) (0.04) (1.13) (0.04) A Control 21.51bc 0.58b 4.29b 12.07b 16.36d 0.27cd 0.02a 0.30c 5.15ac 0.28b lf ------ic (no EW+) (0.59) (0.01) (0.38) (0.08) (0.43) (0.02) (<0.01) (0.02) (0.32) (0.02) H a All Species 29.74d 0.76b 11.77d 12.28b 2.35ab 26.64e 0.52e 0.09b 0.11b 0.75d 3.07c 0.01c pl (0.9) (0.02) (0.25) (0.06) (0.42) (0.63) (0.02) (0.01) (0.02) (0.03) (0.64) (0.02) or th o d (s a n d y lo Table C5: Statistical comparisons between bulk and A. rubrum-derived C:N recovery ratios in soil pools (AH = A-horizon, BH = B-horizon, BR = burrow) and earthworm species biomass (L. terrestris [Lterr; anecic], E. fetida [Efet; epigeic], and A. trapezoides [Atrap; endogeic]) within each treatment. Values represent means (± 1 SE), n = 6. Different lower case letters within columns represent significant differences among least square means between treatments determined by linear mixed-effect models (evaluated at P < 0.05). Dashes indicate the absence of BR soil in no- earthworm controls and the absence of an earthworm species in an earthworm community treatment. Soil pools EW biomass Treatment Overall C:N Litter-derived C:N Litter-derived C:N Earthworm Atra Soil AH BH BR AH BH BR Lterr Efet Lterr Efet Atrap (EW) p 12.44a Control 24.64a 26.07a 4.16b ----- b ------(no EW+) (0.39) (0.31) (0.77) (0.81) E 19.3 nt 22.44a 24.94a 22.09a 14.48b 1.58b 14.46b 4.17a 2a Epigeic ------ic (0.18) (0.66) (0.45) (1.73) (0.23) (0.82) (0.06) (6.2 H 2) a 3.70 12.2 pl 22.85a 24.46a 22.63a 22.03a 3.36b 25.56a 4.03a a 2a 18.45a Epi×End ------o (0.39) (0.68) (0.38) (1.4) (0.15) (1.56) (0.15) (0.0 (0.7 (4.99) rt 8) 2) h 11.96b 15.44a 22.01a 25.37a 22.51a 1.9c 4.32a 15.9a o Anecic c b ------(0.31) (0.51) (0.68) (0.49) (0.08) (3.06) d (0.99) (0.52) (s 3.83 11.43a a 22.32a 23.93a 22.87a 10.02b 0.52c 4.35a a 12.00ab 17.45a Ane×End b ------n (0.44) (0.48) (0.35) (0.17) (0.11) (0.12) (0.0 (0.76) (3.45) d (0.54) 5) ) 3.97 13.3a 23.49a 24.05a 23.9a 9.38bc 1.02c 10.00b 4.33a 4.30a a 9.87b 15.78a All Species (2.2 (0.12) (0.58) (0.69) (0.63) (0.12) (0.63) (0.03) (0.02) (0.0 (0.83) (3.05) 4) 3) Al 48.67 Control 21.24a 8.24c 30.15ab fi b ------(no EW+) (0.15) c (0.99) (0.38) (4.48) H a pl o rt h o 4.18 15.5 d 45.83 22.06a 30.38b 6.92ac 42.6b 6.33c 4.40a 4.08a a 10.51b 7a 14.36a (s All Species b (0.12) (1.46) (0.07) (0.07) (0.0 (2.05) (3.7 (3.31) a (1.87) (0.14) (3.11) (0.42) n 8) 5) d y lo a m )