Chapter 6 - Perception

Perception is the process of ______, ______, and ______sensory information (also known as ______)

● ______refers to the fact that we can only pay attention to one aspect of the

object at a time. Perceptions about objects ______from moment to moment.

─ ______- you focus on one voice in a crowd

– The Stroop Effect (words/colors)

– ______- the inability to see an object or a person in our midst

● ______- fail to notice a change

● Form Perception

─ ______- when vision competes with our other senses, vision usually wins

─ ______- the organization of the visual

field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings

([back]ground). Can also be auditory.

─ ______- after distinguishing the figure from the ground,

our perception needs to organize the figure into a meaningful form using grouping rules

1 Chapter 6 - Perception

● ______– simple organization requiring least amount of effort

● ______enables us to judge distances.

(Gibson & Walk’s ______)

─ ______- depth perception using ______(two) eyes

● ______– images from the two eyes differ

● ______- the more your eyes converge (move inward -towards

the nose) the closer the object. The more your eyes diverge (move outward-(away from the nose)

the farther away the object is.

─ ______- depth perception using ______eye

● ______- if two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that

casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away

● ______- objects that occlude (______) other objects tend to

be perceived as closer 2 Chapter 6 - Perception ● ______- because light from distant objects passes through more light

than closer objects, we perceive hazy objects to be farther away than those objects that appear sharp

and clear.

● ______- indistinct texture signals an increasing distance

● ______- perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be

farther away than those that are lower

● ______(______) - objects closer to a

fixed point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation

point, moving slower and in the same direction. In other words, stable objects appear to move.

● ______- the more the lines converge, the greater their perceived

distance

● ______- nearby objects reflect more light into our eyes than more

distant objects. Given two identical objects, the dimmer one appears to be farther away.

● Motion Perception

─ ______- objects traveling towards us grow in size and those moving away shrink

in size

─ ______- simulate movement by flashing

24 to 30 frames (slightly different drawings) per second

─ ______- when lights flash at a certain speed

they tend to present illusions of motion

● ______-perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal

images change. Perceptual constancies include constancies of ______and ______.

─ ______- the interplay between perceived

size and perceived distance (______)

─ ______- perceiving familiar objects as

having consistent color even when changing illumination

─ ______- the amount of light an object

reflects is relative to its surroundings

(______)

● Perceptual Interpretation

─ ______- perception is influenced by ______.

Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

─ ______- visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced

visual field (______)

─ ______a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and

not another (uses ______)

─ ______- concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information. We

______them as we age.

● Facial schemas are accentuated by specific features on the face (especially the

______& ______)

─ ______- similar stimuli might cause different perceptions depending

on the context

● Context instilled by ______also alters perception

─ ______- design machines that assist our

natural perceptions (machines aid humans rather than humans aiding machines). It is a growing

field in psychology.

* Perception is both inborn and acquired (______& ______)