Márcio Padilha CSI # 121611
Anthropology 102 Quiz #2 Chapters 4, 5, 6 &7
1. There are about … different languages in the world today.
b. 6,000
2. Consider the English word “sales” (as in, “We must increase sales.” The second ‘s’ is
c. a bound morpheme
3. The American anthropologist ______and his student ______developed the theory of linguistic relativity.
d. Edward Sapir, Benjamin Whorf
4. A phoneme is ______.
d. the smallest class of sound that makes a difference in meaning
5. Darwin first proposed and linguistic theorists such as Chomsky and Pinker concur that human language
a. is an innate and specialized adaptation
6. Punching the palm of the hand for emphasis, raising the head and brows when asking a question, or using the hands to illustrate what is being discussed are forms of ______messages that accompany spoken messages.
e. gestural
7. Enculturation is the process of transmitting ______.
a. societal norms from one generation to the next
8. Among the Ju/'hoansi who continue to forage, __ and ___ are not tolerated.
b. dominance and aggressiveness
9. The core value to which ______subscribe, according to anthropologist Francis Hsu, is rugged individualism
e. European Americans
10. A book by Margaret Mead called ______, published in 1928, suggests that adolescent turmoil is due more to cultural training than to universal biological development.
d. Coming of Age in Samoa
11. ______families are most common in societies that are highly mobile and/or urban.
d. Nuclear 12. ______training is more common in extended families in societies whose economy is based on subsistence farming
c. Dependence
13. From an anthropological perspective, the term ______describes the actions of people that deviate widely from the behavior of "normal" people.
a. insanity
14. Ninety percent of all people who have ever lived used ______as their subsistence strategy
d. food foraging
15. The process by which organisms modify and adjust to their environment and thereby survive more effectively is ______.
a. adaptation
16. ______as a cultural tradition seems to be related to shift to more frequent meat eating among the genus Homo.
e. Selfishness
17. In areas that are marginal-that is, in areas where land is not suitable for farming-we would find which of the following types of cultures?
e. b and d
18. The study of the interaction of specific human cultures with their environment was developed by Julian Steward and called ______.
e. cultural ecology
19. "People may work long and hard in order to acquire the things that will make it appear as if they belong to a non-working class of society." Such behavior is likely to occur in what kind of society?
a. a stratified society with an expanding economy like the United States
20. An example of generalized reciprocity would be which of the following?
a. A hunter gives away most of his meat to relatives without specifying what is expected in return
Choose two of the following and answer in one or more paragraph(s).
1. What does the existence of non-Indo-European languages in Europe such as Finnish and Basque tell us about our linguistic past?
The presence of a non-Indo-European language within the Indo-European language realm would first suggest that an outside group has immigrated into that sphere. Second, the fact that such linguistic groups maintained their linguistic integrities suggests that they must have also maintained their cultural identities intact, hence being able to adapt to their environment and reality in such a manner that no abrasive acculturation took place. 5. How does the definition of normal and abnormal vary from culture to culture? Can you think of examples in our culture where what is considered normal by some is considered abnormal by others?
My personal life is an example of this issue. Being an immigrant, I have experienced these normal/abnormal situations since my arrival in the United States twelve years ago.. II find it very odd that Americans just “throw” things, like pens, candy and other small objects, to one another as this “throwing” is extremely rude in Brazil where we only “hand” these objects to other people. Another common social aspect is that when greeting someone, even if it is a complete stranger, women-women and men-women are expected to kiss on the chick three times if all parties are single and twice if one of the parties is married whereas in America that would be viewed as an extremely intrusive act. In Brazil, one is always taught to, and hence expected to, eat their solid food off their plate with a fork and a knife whereas it appears that the knife is optional in the United States. Whereas K-12 attendance is mandatory in the United States, only passing grades primarily matter in Brazil. Lastly, whereas there is drinking and a smoking age in Brazil, no such requirement exists in Brazil.