DOCSLIB.ORG

3.2.1 Opengl Context and Window Creation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3.2.1 Opengl Context and Window Creation OpenGL Context and Window Stefano Markidis and Sergio Rivas-Gomez Four Key-points • OpenGL does not include window creation and management. You will need separate libraries to manage the windows • As window creation and management, we suggest that you use either GLUT/FreeGLUT or GLFW • GLUT/FreeGLUT are easy to use and likely already installed on your systems, GLFW is the future but you need to install it • When using OpenGL, it is better to install and use a library for OpenGL function pointer management. We will install and use GLAD OpenGL Initialization … Without OpenGL! • We initialize OpenGL, by creating an OpenGL context, which is essentially a state machine that stores all data related to the rendering of our application. • Problem: Creating a window and an OpenGL context is not part of the OpenGL specification. • The reason that this is done differently on different platforms and OpenGL can’t guarantee portability. • There are libraries, not included in OpenGL, out there that supports window creation and management. Typical Program Flow with Window Management Libraries Every application making use of real-time graphics will have a program flow that comes down to this render loop Suggested Libraries to Create/Manage Windows • GLUT: OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) library • Easiest to use • Already installed on lab machines and likely on your laptop. • Not designed for core-profile OpenGL • Free-GLUT newly developed version of GLUT, supported and new license type • GLFW: • Little more difficult to use than GLUT • Most modern and best integration with modern OpenGL. • It doesn’t support deprecated immediate-mode legacy OpenGL Create a Window with GLUT / Free GLUT • We first initialize window with glutInit, glutInitWindowSize(), glutCreateWindow() • We tell GLUT what is the function responsible for the rendering and define it. • This function (renderScene()) will be called by GLUT every time the window needs to be drawn • We tell GLUT that we are ready to get in the event processing loop with glutMainLoop. Create and Manage a Window with GLFW • To use GLFW instead of GLUT, we will need to install it first (follow instructions online at http://www.glfw.org/) • Going into details of GLFW window creation and management in the next lecture. Double Buffer • We you might have noticed the GLUT function glutSwapBuffers() and the GLFW glfwSwapBuffers(). But what do they do? • Windowing applications apply a for rendering: • The front buffer contains the final output image that is shown at the screen • All the rendering commands draw to the back buffer. • As soon as all the rendering commands are finished we swap the back buffer to the front buffer so the image is instantly displayed to the user Function Pointers Management for OpenGL It is up to the driver manufacturer to implement the specification to a driver that the specific graphics card supports: • the location of most of its functions is not known at compile-time and needs to be queried at run-time. • It is then our task to retrieve the location of the functions we need and store them in function pointers for later use. • Code for this looks complex and somehow cumbersome. • The GLAD library can do this for use • We will need to install it for using OpenGL. GLAD (http://glad.dav1d.de/) • GLAD is an open source library for handling OpenGL function pointers • GLAD uses a web service where we can tell GLAD for which version of OpenGL. • set to C++, select an OpenGL version of at least 3.3 • Profile set to Core and that the Generate a loader option is ticked. • Click Generate to produce the resulting library files. • GLAD by now should have provided you a zip file containing: • Two include folders. Copy both include folders (glad and KHR) into your include(s) directory • Add the glad.c file to your project. To Summarize • OpenGL doesn’t include window creation and management. You will need separate libraries to manage the windows • As window creation and management, we suggest that you use either GLUT/FreeGLUT or GLFW. • GLUT/FreeGLUT are easy to use and likely already installed on your systems, GLFW is the future but you need to install it. • When using OpenGL, it is better to install and use a library for function pointer management. We suggest that you use GLAD..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multithreaded Rendering for Cross-Platform 3D Visualization Based on Vulkan Api
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV-4/W1-2020, 2020 3rd BIM/GIS Integration Workshop and 15th 3D GeoInfo Conference, 7–11 September 2020, London, UK MULTITHREADED RENDERING FOR CROSS-PLATFORM 3D VISUALIZATION BASED ON VULKAN API C. Ioannidis, A.-M. Boutsi* Laboratory of Photogrammetry, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece; [email protected], [email protected] KEY WORDS: Computer graphics, 3D visualization, graphics API, Vulkan, geospatial data ABSTRACT: The visualization of large-sized 3D geospatial models is a graphics intensive task. With ever increasing size and complexity, more computing resources are needed to attain speed and visual quality. Exploiting the parallelism and the multi-core performance of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a cross-platform 3D viewer is developed based on the Vulkan API and modern C++. The proposed prototype aims at the visualization of a textured 3D mesh of the Cultural Heritage by enabling a multi-threaded rendering pipeline. The rendering workload is distributed across many CPU threads by recording multiple command buffers in parallel and coordinating the host and the GPU rendering phases. To ensure efficient multi-threading behavior and a minimum overhead, synchronization primitives are exploiting for ordering the execution of queues and command buffers. Furthermore, push-constants are used to send uniform data to the GPU and render passes to adapt to the tile-based rendering of the mobile devices. The proposed methodology and technical solution are designed, implemented and tested for Windows, MacOS and Android on Vulkan-compatible GPU hardware by compiling the same codebase.
    [Show full text]
  • Opengl! ! Where It fits! ! What It Contains! ! How You Work with It
    11(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH OpenGL! ! where it fits! ! what it contains! ! how you work with it 11(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH OpenGL! ! The cross-platform graphics library!! ! Open = Open specification! ! Runs everywhere - Linux, Mac, Windows...! ! Any language! ! Three branches:! ! OpenGL - ordinary computers! OpenGL ES - phones and tablets! WebGL - web browsers 12(40)12(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH OpenGL and Related APIs application program GLUT! GLX,! SDL! X, OSX, WGL,! GLFW GLU Win32 etc CGL,! NSOpenGL GL drivers, hardware 13(40)13(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH OpenGL parts:! ! GL = Graphics Library (core lib)! ! GLU = GL Utilities (no longer supported)! ! GLX, WGL, CGL, NSOpenGL = System dependent libraries! ! ! ! GLUT = GL Utility Toolkit (optional)! ! FreeGLUT, MicroGlut! ! Also note: SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer)! ! GLFW (similar to GLUT) 14(40)14(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH OpenGL versions OpenGL 1-2: Old OpenGL. Avoid! Big leap here! OpenGL 3.2 and up: Modern OpenGL! Latest version 4.5. Even hotter (but harder): Vulkan (released 2016) 15(40)15(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH Simple OpenGL example! ! A single triangle! ! • upload to the GPU once! ! • draw any time you want! ! but also! ! • upload shader to specify transformations and colors 16(40)16(40) Information Coding / Computer Graphics, ISY, LiTH Vital concepts! ! • VAO, VBO! ! • Vertex shader! ! • Fragment shader 17(40)17(40)
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Graphics Opengl and Shaders I
    Advanced Graphics OpenGL and Shaders I 1 Alex Benton, University of Cambridge – [email protected] Supported in part by Google UK, Ltd 3D technologies today Java OpenGL ● Common, re-usable language; ● Open source with many well-designed implementations ● Steadily increasing popularity in ● Well-designed, old, and still evolving industry ● Fairly cross-platform ● Weak but evolving 3D support DirectX/Direct3d (Microsoft) C++ ● Microsoft™ only ● Long-established language ● Dependable updates ● Long history with OpenGL Mantle (AMD) ● Long history with DirectX ● Targeted at game developers ● Losing popularity in some fields (finance, web) but still strong in ● AMD-specific others (games, medical) Higher-level commercial libraries JavaScript ● RenderMan ● WebGL is surprisingly popular ● AutoDesk / SoftImage 2 OpenGL OpenGL is… A state-based renderer ● Hardware-independent ● many settings are configured ● Operating system independent before passing in data; rendering ● Vendor neutral behavior is modified by existing On many platforms state ● Great support on Windows, Mac, Accelerates common 3D graphics linux, etc operations ● Support for mobile devices with ● Clipping (for primitives) OpenGL ES ● Hidden-surface removal ● Android, iOS (but not (Z-buffering) Windows Phone) ● Texturing, alpha blending ● Android Wear watches! NURBS and other advanced ● Web support with WebGL primitives (GLUT) 3 Mobile GPUs ● OpenGL ES 1.0-3.2 ● A stripped-down version of OpenGL ● Removes functionality that is not strictly necessary on mobile devices (like recursion!) ● Devices ● iOS: iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch OpenGL ES 2.0 rendering (iOS) ● Android phones ● PlayStation 3, Nintendo 3DS, and more 4 WebGL ● JavaScript library for 3D rendering in a web browser ● Based on OpenGL ES 2.0 ● Many supporting JS libraries ● Even gwt, angular, dart..
    [Show full text]
  • P5 Documentation Release 0.7.0
    p5 Documentation Release 0.7.0 Abhik Pal Aug 31, 2020 Contents 1 Installation3 1.1 Prerequisites: Python...............................3 1.2 Prerequisites: GLFW...............................3 1.3 Installing p5...................................4 1.4 Troubleshooting.................................4 2 Tutorials7 2.1 Coordinate System and Shapes.........................7 2.2 Color....................................... 10 2.3 Objects...................................... 15 2.4 Interactivity.................................... 22 2.5 Typography.................................... 47 2.6 Strings and Drawing Text............................ 61 2.7 Arrays...................................... 77 2.8 Images and Pixels................................ 91 2.9 Curves...................................... 99 2.10 2D Transformations............................... 106 2.11 PShape...................................... 122 2.12 Data........................................ 131 2.13 Trigonometry Primer............................... 154 2.14 Two-dimensional Arrays............................. 158 2.15 Electronics.................................... 162 2.16 Network..................................... 184 2.17 Vector....................................... 191 3 Examples 221 3.1 Structure..................................... 221 3.2 Transform.................................... 227 3.3 Color....................................... 231 3.4 Arrays...................................... 236 3.5 Input....................................... 239 3.6 Form......................................
    [Show full text]
  • CSE 328 & 528 (Spring 2021) Recitation 01 --Opengl Tutorial
    CSE 328 & 528 (Spring 2021) Recitation 01 --OpenGL Tutorial Xi Han Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University [email protected] Your TA & Assignment Info Introduction to OpenGL Contents OpenGL Environment Setup: CMake + GLFW + GLAD on ubuntu OpenGL Examples & Explanation Some Tips 2 Your TA: Xi Han Please reach me by email [email protected] Online Office Hours: Tu Th 20:00 – 22:00 via zoom: https://stonybrook.zoom.us/j/93231831459?pwd=cEZ1YVY4VjIvRUF Your TA vNE14WTVmdnVYQT09 Meeting ID: 932 3183 1459 Passcode: 670454 If you are coming, please email your TA in advance! 3 Please compress your assignment in a .zip file <your_sbuid>_pa1.zip and submit via Blackboard. Please include: A README file explaining what your files do, what functionalities you have implemented and what you have not, how to compile/run your program (including dependencies), and with any other information you would like to include. Assignments Your source code A Linux64 executable Please do NOT include: Temporary files, IDE-specific configuration files, etc. All assignments should be done using C/C++ and OpenGL. The build system of your program can be makefile or CMake. 4 Structure of your submission: <your_subid>_pa<x> ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── README.md ├── bin │ └── pa<x> Assignments ├── include │ ├── bar.h │ └── foo.h └── src ├── bar.cpp ├── foo.cpp └── main.cpp 5 Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) is mainly considered a 3D rendering API that we can use to manipulate graphics and images. Introduction to However, OpenGL by itself is NOT an API, but merely a standard OpenGL specification developed and maintained by www.khronos.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Started with Opengl ES 3+ Programming
    Getting Started with OpenGL ES 3+ Programming Learn Modern OpenGL Basics Hans de Ruiter Getting Started with OpenGL ES 3+ Programming Hans de Ruiter Version 1.1 – 5 April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Kea Sigma Delta Limited, all rights reserved. Distribute the Link, Not the Book It takes a lot of time and effort to produce resources like this, and we think it’s great when people find it useful and want to share. However, please share the following link instead of distributing (illegal) copies. That way they get a legitimate copy and we’re able to continue producing quality content: https://keasigmadelta.com/gles3-sdl2-tutorial We’ve done everything we can to make the contents of this book as accurate as possible. However, due to the complex nature of the topics and possible human error, we cannot guarantee absolute accuracy. Also, continual research and development means that things are ever changing. No liability is assumed for losses or damages due to the information provided. You are responsible for your own choices, actions, and results. 2 Table of Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................5 Who is this For?...................................................................................................................................5 Why OpenGL ES 3+ and SDL2?........................................................................................................5 How to Get the Most Out of These Tutorials......................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Open Source Solutions for Multiplatfrom Graphics Programming
    Lappeenranta University of Technology Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Degree Program in Information Technology Master’s thesis Mikko Kaistinen OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS FOR MULTIPLATFROM GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING Examiners: Associate Professor Uolevi Nikula D.Sc. (Tech.) Jussi Kasurinen Supervisors: Associate Professor Jouni Ikonen D.Sc. (Tech.) Jussi Kasurinen ABSTRACT Lappeenranta University of Technology Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Degree Program in Information Technology Mikko Kaistinen Open source solutions for multiplatform graphics programming Master’s thesis 24.11.2015 59 page, 9 figures, 5 tables, 3 appendices Examiners: Associate Professor Uolevi Nikula D.Sc. (Tech.) Jussi Kasurinen Supervisors: Associate Professor Jouni Ikonen D.Sc. (Tech.) Jussi Kasurinen Keywords: OpenGL, WebGL, computer graphics New emerging technologies in the recent decade have brought new options to cross platform computer graphics development. This master thesis took a look for cross platform 3D graphics development possibilities. All platform dependent and non real time solutions were excluded. WebGL and two different OpenGL based solutions were assessed via demo application by using most recent development tools. In the results pros and cons of the each solutions were noted. ii TIIVISTELMÄ Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Tuotantotaloudellinen tiedekunta Tietotekniikan koulutusohjelma Mikko Kaistinen Avoimen lähdekoodin tarjoamat mahdollisuudet monialusta grafiikkaohjelmointiin Diplomityö 24.11.2015 59 sivua, 9 kuva,
    [Show full text]
  • GLFW Users Guide API Version 2.7 Page 1/40
    GLFW Users Guide API version 2.7 July 3, 2012 c 2002-2006 Marcus Geelnard c 2006-2010 Camilla Berglund Summary This document is a users guide for the GLFW API that gives a practical introduction to using GLFW. For a more detailed description of the GLFW API you should refer to the GLFW Reference Manual. Trademarks OpenGL and IRIX are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group. POSIX is a trademark of IEEE. Truevision, TARGA and TGA are registered trademarks of Truevision, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. i Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Getting Started 2 2.1 Including the GLFW header................................2 2.2 Initializing GLFW.....................................2 2.3 Opening An OpenGL Window...............................3 2.4 Using Keyboard Input....................................4 2.5 Putting It Together: A Minimal GLFW Application....................4 3 Window Operations7 3.1 Setting Window Properties.................................7 3.2 Getting Window Properties.................................9 3.3 Buffer Swapping...................................... 12 3.4 Querying Video Modes................................... 12 4 Input Handling 14 4.1 Event Polling........................................ 14 4.2 Keyboard Input....................................... 14 4.2.1 Key state...................................... 15 4.2.2 Character input..................................
    [Show full text]
  • The GLFW Library Lecture 3
    The GLFW Library Lecture 3 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Aug 25, 2017 Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 1 / 16 Outline 1 Graphics Libraries 2 Programming with GLFW 3 GLFW Callback Functions 4 Using the Key Callback Function 5 Assignment Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 2 / 16 Outline 1 Graphics Libraries 2 Programming with GLFW 3 GLFW Callback Functions 4 Using the Key Callback Function 5 Assignment Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 3 / 16 Device Independence Definition (Device-independent) A library is device-independent if it provides a common API, regardless of the hardware on which it is used. The OpenGL API for Windows is identical to the OpenGL API for the Macintosh. Of course, the library must be compiled separately for each hardware system. Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 4 / 16 Windows-Based Programming We will use the Graphics Library Frameworks (GLFW) library. The GLFW library contains functions that Manage the graphics window (size, position, etc.) Handle user-initiated events (mouse clicks, keystrokes, etc.) Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 5 / 16 Outline 1 Graphics Libraries 2 Programming with GLFW 3 GLFW Callback Functions 4 Using the Key Callback Function 5 Assignment Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) The GLFW Library Fri, Aug 25, 2017 6 / 16 Programming with GLFW Programming with GLFW int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { glfwInit(); GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, title, NULL, NULL); glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); gl3wInit(); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { display(); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); } Robb T.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Left Duff S Mdbg Holt Winters Gai Incl Tax Drupal Fapi Icici
    jimportneoneo_clienterrorentitynotfoundrelatedtonoeneo_j_sdn neo_j_traversalcyperneo_jclientpy_neo_neo_jneo_jphpgraphesrelsjshelltraverserwritebatchtransactioneventhandlerbatchinsertereverymangraphenedbgraphdatabaseserviceneo_j_communityjconfigurationjserverstartnodenotintransactionexceptionrest_graphdbneographytransactionfailureexceptionrelationshipentityneo_j_ogmsdnwrappingneoserverbootstrappergraphrepositoryneo_j_graphdbnodeentityembeddedgraphdatabaseneo_jtemplate neo_j_spatialcypher_neo_jneo_j_cyphercypher_querynoe_jcypherneo_jrestclientpy_neoallshortestpathscypher_querieslinkuriousneoclipseexecutionresultbatch_importerwebadmingraphdatabasetimetreegraphawarerelatedtoviacypherqueryrecorelationshiptypespringrestgraphdatabaseflockdbneomodelneo_j_rbshortpathpersistable withindistancegraphdbneo_jneo_j_webadminmiddle_ground_betweenanormcypher materialised handaling hinted finds_nothingbulbsbulbflowrexprorexster cayleygremlintitandborient_dbaurelius tinkerpoptitan_cassandratitan_graph_dbtitan_graphorientdbtitan rexter enough_ram arangotinkerpop_gremlinpyorientlinkset arangodb_graphfoxxodocumentarangodborientjssails_orientdborientgraphexectedbaasbox spark_javarddrddsunpersist asigned aql fetchplanoriento bsonobjectpyspark_rddrddmatrixfactorizationmodelresultiterablemlibpushdownlineage transforamtionspark_rddpairrddreducebykeymappartitionstakeorderedrowmatrixpair_rddblockmanagerlinearregressionwithsgddstreamsencouter fieldtypes spark_dataframejavarddgroupbykeyorg_apache_spark_rddlabeledpointdatabricksaggregatebykeyjavasparkcontextsaveastextfilejavapairdstreamcombinebykeysparkcontext_textfilejavadstreammappartitionswithindexupdatestatebykeyreducebykeyandwindowrepartitioning
    [Show full text]
  • GLFW Reference Manual API Version 2.7 Page 1/64
    GLFW Reference Manual API version 2.7 July 3, 2012 c 2002-2006 Marcus Geelnard c 2006-2010 Camilla Berglund Summary This document is primarily a function reference manual for the GLFW API. For a description of how to use GLFW you should refer to the GLFW Users Guide. Trademarks OpenGL and IRIX are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group. POSIX is a trademark of IEEE. Truevision, TARGA and TGA are registered trademarks of Truevision, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. i Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 GLFW Operation Overview2 2.1 The GLFW Window....................................2 2.2 The GLFW Event Loop...................................2 2.3 Callback Functions.....................................3 2.4 Threads...........................................3 3 Function Reference5 3.1 GLFW Initialization and Termination...........................5 3.1.1 glfwInit.......................................5 3.1.2 glfwTerminate...................................6 3.1.3 glfwGetVersion...................................6 3.2 Window Handling......................................8 3.2.1 glfwOpenWindow.................................8
    [Show full text]
  • GLFW Reference Manual API Version 2.7 Page 1/64
    GLFW Reference Manual API version 2.7 November 8, 2012 c 2002-2006 Marcus Geelnard c 2006-2010 Camilla Berglund Summary This document is primarily a function reference manual for the GLFW API. For a description of how to use GLFW you should refer to the GLFW Users Guide. Trademarks OpenGL and IRIX are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group. POSIX is a trademark of IEEE. Truevision, TARGA and TGA are registered trademarks of Truevision, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. i Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 GLFW Operation Overview2 2.1 The GLFW Window....................................2 2.2 The GLFW Event Loop...................................2 2.3 Callback Functions.....................................3 2.4 Threads...........................................3 3 Function Reference5 3.1 GLFW Initialization and Termination...........................5 3.1.1 glfwInit.......................................5 3.1.2 glfwTerminate...................................6 3.1.3 glfwGetVersion...................................6 3.2 Window Handling......................................8 3.2.1 glfwOpenWindow.................................8
    [Show full text]